Nanomaterials
·
2024
·Vol. 14
·期 20
·1629
·
IF 4.4
Penghui Lei,Qing Chang,Mingkun Xiao,Chao Ye,Pan Qi,Fangjie Shi,Yuhua Hang,Qianwu Li,Qing Peng
A new type of SiCf/TiC-Ti3SiC2composite was prepared by the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method in this work. The phase transformation and interface cracking of this composite under ion irradiation (single Xe, Xe + He, and Xe + He + H ions) and subsequent annealing were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), mainly focusing on the interface regions. Xe ion irradiation resulted in the formation of high-density stacking faults in the TiC coatings and the complete amorphization of SiC fibers. The implanted H ions exacerbated interface coarsening. After annealing at 900 °C for 2 h, the interface in the Xe + He + H ion-irradiated samples was seriously damaged, resulting in the formation of large bubbles and cracks. This damage occurred because the H atoms reduced the surface free energy, thereby promoting the nucleation and growth of bubbles. Due to the absorption effect of the SiCf/TiC interface on defects, the SiC fiber areas near the interface recovered back to the initial nano-polycrystalline structure after annealing.
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JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY
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2025
·
IF 3.3
Zhang Jian,Chen Hongxuan,Pang Xiaotong,Liu Shilong,Misra R. D. K.,Sun Junhao
Currently, surface coatings on agricultural machinery are crucial for extending service life. However, achieving coating strength and toughness remains a challenge. In this paper, two types of high-hardness iron-based coatings, referred as S1 and S2, were prepared by modulating the Mo/V ratio in the Fe-C-V-Mo-B system, and their microstructural evolution and property changes were investigated. The results show that the S1 coating primarily consist of martensitic matrix, spherical VC, blocky Mo 2 B, and a small amount of skeleton-like Mo 2 B. In contrast, the S2 coating consist of martensitic matrix, petal-like VC, and skeleton-like Mo 2 B. Compared with S1, the VC volume fraction in S2 increases by 6.5%, and the Mo 2 B volume fraction increases by 16.3%. The average microhardness of S1 and S2 coatings are 737 HV 0.5 and 954 HV 0.5 , respectively, indicating that the S2 coating exhibits a 22.7% higher microhardness compared with S1. The average friction coefficients of S1 and S2 coatings are 0.434 and 0.398, respectively. Furthermore, the wear loss of S2 coating is approximately half that of S1. The fracture toughness of S1 and S2 coatings are 51.9 MPa·m 1/2 and 51.7MPa·m 1/2 , respectively. Fracture analysis reveals that the skeleton-like eutectic structure in S2 can deflect cracks generated by impact, increase the length of propagation path, and improve the toughness of coating. It allows S2 coating to achieve high hardness and wear resistance, while maintaining toughness comparable to S1 coating. This study provides a theoretical basis for the design and development of iron-based coatings with high hardness, high abrasion resistance, and impact resistance for agricultural machinery.
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Heritage Science
·
2024
·Vol. 12
·期 1
·1-11
·
IF 2.6
Liu Yusong,Xu Qingmeng,Li Sifan,Xie Zhenbin,Li Qiang,Luo Hongjie,Ji Shidong
Large amount of ivory was excavated from Sanxingdui site which was waterlogged, severely degraded and in urgent need for conservation. There has been much effort for the conservation of waterlogged ivory by scientists. However, due to a lack of appropriate conservation material and the need to use non-destructive methods, no satisfactory results have been achieved previously. In this work, a novel formulated water-based Al–Si hybrid sol of size about 20 nm was prepared and introduced through a quasi-dynamic equilibrium method to waterlogged ivory tusk for the purpose of conservation. Good conservation performance could be achieved, since Al–Si sol gradually permeates into the interior of the ivory, distributes homogeneously and connects the loose components of ivory. Samples treated with appropriate amount of Al–Si sol displayed satisfactory compressive strength and porous intact structure. It was found that the fluidity of Al–Si sol had a significant influence on the conservation effect. Moreover, Al–Si sol not only consolidated HAP but also worked well on the soil embedded in unearthed ivory, which was beneficial to conserve ivory intactly. Slightly negatively charged Al–Si hybrid gel could interact with ivory matrix through multiple interactions including van der Waals force, electrostatic interaction, chemical and hydrogen bonding.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2025
·
IF 8.2
Ali Hammad,Siyi Zou,Fandi Ning,Bin Tian,Wei Li,Xiong Dan,Xi Cheng,Xiaochun Zhou
Hydrogen production from silicon (Si) hydrolysis is environmentally friendly, safe, portable, and promising. However, the self-protected oxide layer around Si and a sluggish hydrolysis rate impede its practical utilization. To address this problem, we introduced sodium hydride (NaH) to form the core–shell structure of NaH/Si composites via a straightforward one-step, hand-mixing method in an ambient environment. NaH-based Si-M composites exhibit 83% hydrogen yield and a 52.7 mL/min hydrogen generation rate at 1–0.7 molar ratios. The hydrolytic activity includes the breakdown of NaH and the continuous hydrolysis of Si. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nanoindentation, and reaction observation studies have verified that NaH is pivotal in promoting thorough Si hydrolysis and attaining the maximum achievable yield compared to calcium hydride (CaH2). NaH/Si composites showed excellent hydrogen generation performance compared to CaH2/Si composites with microstructure silicon Si-S ≈ 1–3 μm, Si-M ≈ 75 μm, and Si-L ≈ 75–425 μm. Our study provided an innovative design and idea for utilizing cost-effective and easily transportable hydrogen production materials for practical applications, which has the potential for further advancement.
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Journal of Energy Chemistry
·
2025
·
IF 14.9
Kanghou Ma,Caiyue Sun,Yitao He,Xinyue Zhao,Sunfa Wang,Ge Zhang,Chen Wang,Fangshuo Zhou,Zhiguo Liu,Zhe Lü,Xiqiang Huang,Ningning Wu,Yaohui Zhang
This study presents a novel approach to enhance silicon anode performance through barium titanate (BTO) incorporation, with the establishment of a force-electric coupling model. By introducing piezoelectric BTO into silicon matrices, we successfully improved both the mechanical stability and electrochemical kinetics of the anode. The developed force-electric coupling model explains how BTO mitigates stress accumulation during lithiation while optimizing the kinetics of Li + and electron transfer. Experimental verification and multiphysical simulation indicate that Si@BTO effectively eliminates structural degradation during the cycling process and significantly reduces the charge transfer resistance. The force-electric coupling mechanism further facilitates stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation. When paired with LiFePO 4 cathodes, Si@BTO maintains 76% capacity retention after 500 cycles at a 10 C rate. This work establishes a basic force-electric coupling model framework and offers insights into the development of advanced silicon anode batteries with exceptional performance.
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NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 2.5
Jie Huang,Yanlin Zhang,Junhong Lu,Haoyang Jiang,Ben Liang,Benyuan Wang,Dafang He,Haiqun Chen
Recently, silicon-based anode materials have garnered significant attention from researchers due to their high theoretical specific capacity. However, these materials are highly prone to volume expansion, which significantly hinders their further commercialization. Here, the skeleton of silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) is constructed from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in order to buffer their volume increase and enhance electrochemical performance. In this study, a solvent-thermal reaction is conducted using a mixture of NiFe-MIL and sodium hydroxide solution to deposit a carbon layer around the Si NPs, while simultaneously creating a highly conductive graphene network. Si materials supported by inward multi-channel carbon were synthesized through high-temperature pyrolysis. This unique double-layer carbon structure endows the material with remarkable electrochemical properties, including enhanced cycle stability and lithium storage capacity. The Si@C–NiFe-MIL@reduced graphene oxide (Si@C–NiFe-MIL@rGO) electrode materials exhibit a high specific capacity of 2092.8 mA h g−1 at a current density of 50 mA g−1. Furthermore, they demonstrate a stable reversible capacity of 851 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at a current density of 1000 mA g−1. This research may provide a different strategy for producing high-energy, reasonably priced silicon anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
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Nature Communications
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·1-11
·
IF 15.7
Yang Sheng,Yuan Jing,Xie Pengpeng,Li Bo,Li Mengxuan,Zhou Daojin,Luo Liang,Sun Xiaoming
To adapt fluctuating renewable energy for water splitting is challenging, since the growth of electrochemically generated nanobubbles at early stage requires high supersaturation during the repeated start-stop cycles, which can accelerate the deactivation of electrodes and cause extra energy consumption. Herein, we propose a “bubble seeding” strategy by introducing nanobubbles (NBs, ~200 nm in diameter) into electrolyte to promote the generation of macroscopic bubbles. The precursive nanobubbles can act as the beforehand nuclei with a certain supersaturation, lower the supersaturation barrier for further growth, and result in reduced overpotential as high as 130 mV for oxygen evolution reaction. The enhancement depends on nanobubble coverage and size, with higher coverage and larger sizes favoring macrobubble growth. The nanobubbles with inert gas species (e.g. N 2 for oxygen evolution reaction) can also work as the seeds, while the interfering or consumable gas species (e.g. O 2 for hydrogen evolution reaction) would hinder the generation of macroscopic bubbles and enlarge the overpotential. The water splitting device working at presence of nanobubbles exhibits stable operation voltage during repeated start-stop cycles in contrast to traditional electrolyte without NBs, indicating great potential of such traceless nanobubble additive strategy for stabilizing gas evolution applications.
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Nature Communications
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·1-10
·
IF 15.7
Li Jingpeng,Zhang Meiyu,Li Wenxuan,Li Zhongshu,Zhu Tingshun,Yang Zhenyu
Silicon is a cornerstone material in electronics and photovoltaics due to its abundance, tunable semiconducting properties, and chemical versatility. Direct anchoring of thiophenes, with their highly delocalized aromatic backbones, onto silicon surfaces offers a promising route to tailor charge carrier migration properties. However, current methods for anchoring thiophenes commonly rely on pre-activation of precursors or transition-metal catalysts. Here, we introduce a catalyst-free radical strategy for direct linkage of thiophenes with Si atoms on organosilanes and silicon surfaces. This method leverages thermally induced homolytic cleavage of Si-H bonds to generate silicon radicals, which undergo efficient hydrosilylation with thiophene rings, forming Si-C linkages and releasing H 2 . We demonstrate the successful application of this approach on silicon surfaces, achieving functionalization with thiophenes that enhance charge carrier mobilities in silicon nanocrystals significantly higher than previously reported alkyl-functionalized SiNCs, indicating the significant potential of catalyst-free dehydrocoupling for advancing silicon-based materials in optoelectronic applications.
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Advanced Science
·
2025
·
IF 14.1
Limeng Song,Feiyue Hu,Yongqiang Chen,Li Guan,Peigen Zhang,Linan Wang,ZhengMing Sun,Yanqiu Zhu,Hailong Wang,Renchao Che,Bingbing Fan,Rui Zhang
To meet the demands of maritime defense and transportation, next-generation microwave absorption (MA) materials must combine efficient attenuation and corrosion resistance (CR). SiC nanofibers, with their moderate dielectric constant and chemical inertness, are ideal multifunctional coating fillers. However, their single-component nature limits microwave attenuation, resulting in low efficiency and narrow bandwidth. Incorporating corrosion-resistant components and employing heterointerface engineering offers a promising strategy to enhance polarization loss and synergistically improve CR. In this study, SiC nanofibers synthesized via chemical vapor deposition are used as precursors; SiO 2 interlayers and nitrogen-doped carbon shells are sequentially introduced to form multilayered core–shell nanofibers. Abundant heterointerfaces and defects effectively regulate impedance matching and introduce multiple loss mechanisms, including conduction, interfacial, and defect-induced dipole polarization. The prepared SiC@SiO 2 @C (SSC) nanofibers achieve a minimum reflection loss of −52.40 dB, a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 7.68 GHz, and a maximum radar cross-section reduction of 38.42 dB m 2 , demonstrating excellent MA properties. Moreover, SSC/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite coatings exhibit superior CR performance, with significantly enhanced corrosion potential and reduced current density compared to pure metal and PVDF coatings. This study underscores the synergistic effect of heterointerface engineering in enhancing both MA and CR for harsh environments.
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POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2025
·Vol. 36
·期 2
·e70128
·
IF 3.4
Yang Zhang,Qingsong Li,Xi Xie,Guoxin Sui
Most polymers and composites suffer from high friction and wear due to their inherent lack of self-lubrication under dry sliding friction. Herein, the lamellar Ti 3 SiC 2 MAX material is prepared via vacuum sintering of a powder mixture containing Ti, Si, and TiC in the molar ratio of 1:1.1:1.8 at 1500°C under a pressure of 30 MPa for 2 h. Combined with a soft graphite phase (5 wt%), self-lubricating PEEK/Graphite/Ti 3 SiC 2 (PG-T) composites are successfully prepared, dependent on Ti 3 SiC 2 (5 and 15 wt%) as a hard reinforced phase and lubrication additive. PG-T composites are fabricated via a multistep compounding approach using a twin-screw extruder. The incorporation of Ti 3 SiC 2 and graphite within the PEEK matrix manifests a highly pronounced synergistic effect, which not only facilitates effective lubrication but also significantly enhances the load-bearing capability, thereby effectively circumventing direct contact between the counterface and the polymeric matrix. The sliding tests are conducted on the pins (diameter: 6.0 mm, height: 17.0 mm) and friction pair (45#steel, roughness Ra: 148 nm) under dry friction. In terms of PV-condition (up to 6 MPa and 3 m/s) (PV is a parameter that reflects the load-bearing capacity of polymer materials, which is defined by multi-plying the pressure P by the sliding speed V), PG5-T15 exhibits self-lubricating properties, featured by an average coefficient of friction (ACOF) as low as 0.119 for the pin-plate test and a specific wear rate (SWR) of only 0.58 × 10 −6 mm 3 /Nm. Meanwhile, PG-T composites present excellent thermal properties based on the thermal expansion coefficients (CTEs) and storage moduli (G′) during friction and wear. Considering the practical applications of tribo-composites, these findings highlight the potential of PG-T composite as a candidate for demanding tribological applications.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2025
·
IF 8.2
Ruyi Sha,Bingzhu Wang,Jixiang Dai,Jianjun Sha
Ceramic aerogels are promising high-temperature thermal insulation materials due to their outstanding thermal stability and oxidation resistance. However, restricted by nanoparticle-assembled network structures, conventional ceramic aerogels commonly suffer from inherent brittleness, volume shrinkage, and structural collapse at high temperatures. Here, to overcome such obstacles, 3D ultralight and highly porous carbon tube foams (CTFs) were designed and synthesized as the carbonaceous precursors, where melamine foams were used as the sacrificial templates to form the hollow and thin-wall network structures in the CTFs (density: ∼4.8 mg cm–3). Then, the arbitrary-shaped silicon carbide (SiC) nanofibrous aerogels (SNFAs) were obtained through a simple chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process on the CTFs. The resulting SNFAs exhibited excellent comprehensive performances: ultralow density (4.2 mg cm–3) and thermal conductivity (21.3 mW m–1 K–1 at room temperature), excellent rigidity (specific modulus: 13.2 kN·m kg–1), and resilient compressibility. The SNFAs could support over 2100 times their weight without visible deformation. Furthermore, the SNFAs also showed exceptional high-temperature thermal stability, which means that they could withstand 1100 °C in an air atmosphere and 1550 °C in an inert atmosphere. These superior comprehensive performances enable SNFAs to be suitable for thermal insulation in harsh environments.
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 9.4
Dan Li,Kai Pan,Anqi Li,Juantao Jiang,Yao Wu,Jiakun Li,Fenghua Zheng,Fengqiang Xie,Hongqiang Wang,Qichang Pan
Silicon (Si) is considered a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical specific capacity of up to 4200 mAh/g. However, the poor cycling and rate performances of Si induced by the low intrinsic electronic conductivity and large volume expansion during the lithiation/delithiation process limit its practical application. Herein, a novel silicon/bismuth@nitrogen-doped carbon (Si/Bi@NC) composite with nanovoids was synthesized and investigated as an advanced anode material for LIBs. In such a structure, ultrafine bismuth nanoparticles coupled with an N -doped carbon layer were introduced to modify the surface of Si nanoparticles . Subsequently, the lithiated Li x Bi has excellent high ionic conductivity and acts as a fast transport bridge for lithium ions . The introduced carbon coating layer and nanovoids can buffer the volume expansion of Si during the lithiation/delithiation process, thus maintaining structural stability during the cycling process. As a result, the Si/Bi@NC composite exhibits excellent electrochemical performance , providing a relatively high capacity of 955.8 mAh/g at 0.5 A/g after 450 cycles and excellent rate performance with a high capacity of 477.8 mAh/g even at 10.0 A/g. Furthermore, the assembled full cell with LiFePO 4 as cathode and pre-lithium Si/Bi@NC as anode can provide a high capacity of 138.8 mAh/g at 1C after 90 cycles, exhibiting outstanding cycling performance.
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