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This work was to examine the impact of power ultrasound (US) on the molecular properties of a high-molecular weight (MW) exopolysaccharide (EPS) from the Cs-HK1 medicinal fungus and the utilization, and prebiotic function of the US-treated EPS fractions in human fecal microflora in vitro . The US treatment caused notable reduction of intrinsic viscosity, average MW and aggregate size of EPS in water but no significant changes in the molecular structure. The US-treated EPS fractions were consumed more rapidly by the fecal microflora, resulting in a higher total level of short chain fatty acids. They also affected the relative abundance in the microflora more beneficially than the original EPS. The results suggest that power US is effective for modifying and improving the prebiotic properties of high-MW polysaccharides.
In this work, a series of polyphenol porous polymers were derived from biomass polyphenols via a facile azo-coupling method. The structure and morphologies of the polymer were characterized by BET, TEM, SEM, XRD, TGA and FT-IR techniques. Batch experiments demonstrated their potentialities for adsorptive separation of Cs + from aqueous solution. Among them, porous polymers prepared with gallic acid as starting material (GAPP) could adsorb Cs + at wide pH value range effectively, and the optimal adsorption capacity was up to 163.6 mg/g, placing it at top material for Cs + adsorption. GAPP exhibited significantly high adsorption performance toward Cs + compared to Na + and K + , making it possible in selective removal of Cs + from ground water in presence of co-existing competitive ions. Moreover, the Cs-laden GAPP could be facilely eluted and reused in consecutive adsorption-desorption processes. As a result, we hope this work could provide ideas about the potential utilization of biomass polyphenol in environmental remediation.
As a kind of mycotoxins , patulin has been a usual contamination in apple juice and causes a serious public health concern nowadays. Regarding this issue, a novel and effective adsorbent, Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @CS-GO@MIP, is designed to remove the patulin from apple juice. Firstly, the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was prepared by surface imprinting technique. Meanwhile, addition of Fe 3 O 4 makes the final prepared MIP adsorbent magnetic, which is beneficial for separating the adsorbent from the food matrix. Moreover, chitosan (CS) and SiO 2 improve the biocompatibility, stability and dispersibility of the MIP adsorbent effectively. As for the adsorption performance, batches of experiments were conducted on the proposed adsorbent. Experimental results showed that the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm model, and the physical multi-molecular layer endothermic adsorption happened during the whole adsorption process. Adsorption capacity of the proposed adsorbent is 7.11 mg/g maximumly, and over 90% of the total patulin in apple juice being removed after 24 h. Besides, the proposed adsorbent has distinguishing characteristics, including large specific surface area with BET reaching 279.6 m 2 /g, high cell viability of 79.77% and no negative effects on final quality parameters. The desirable adsorption performance and characteristics make Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @CS-GO@MIP a promising adsorbent for removing the patulin from apple juice in the future.
In recent years, sulfate radicals-based advanced oxidation process becomes an effective and common technique for elimination of emerging organic contaminants. In this study, novel NiCo 2 S 4 /CS composite was synthesized through hydrothermal method, with the physicochemical properties being characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microcopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Then, NiCo 2 S 4 /CS composite acted as catalyst to activate PS for nimesulide degradation. The results showed that NiCo 2 S 4 /CS composite owned the highest activity compared with pure NiCo 2 S 4 and carbon sphere (CS), achieving 92% nimesulide degradation in 10 min with 0.1 g/L catalyst and 0.4 g/L persulfate. Furthermore, the NiCo 2 S 4 /CS membrane was fabricated by vacuum filtration, and 94% and 80% above nimesulide degradation were realized for the first time and after six times repeated experiment, which demonstrated that the catalyst was convenient to achieve recovery and reusability. In addition, the radical quenching experiment, XPS and the electrochemical methods (LSV and EIS) were measured to investigate the possible mechanism pathway, the results of which showed that both the non-radical pathway and radical pathway might attribute to nimesulide degradation, while the SO4 − remained the dominant species. This research provided a novel sulfide NiCo 2 S 4 /CS membrane for the oxidative technique for emerging organic contaminants in water treatment.
Lithium resources are attractive for different applications because of their specific properties. Therefore, it is more significant to find a cost-effective and environment-friendly method to selective adsorption and recovery of Li + . In this work, a renewable and easy degradable CA/CS hybrid membrane was modified with polydopamine as adhesion layer to anchored TiO 2 . The simple imprinting process could be realized by hydrolysis polymerization. The adsorption process followed Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic equation were researched in detail. The results displayed the maximum adsorption capacity is 20.08 mg g −1 for Li + . The selectivity factors of Li + to Na + , K + , Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ are 1.78, 2.43, 2.60 and 3.61, respectively, which mainly attributed to imprinting effect. The LIICMs also exhibited the superior reusability and durability. Thus, the LIICMs provide a powerful tool for selective separation and recovery of Li + from mixed solutions.
Lanthanide-based contrast agents have attracted increasing attention for their unique properties and potential applications in cancer theranostics. To date, many of these agents have been studied extensively in cells and small animal models. However, performance of these theranostic nanoparticles requires further improvement. In this study, a novel CsLu 2 F 7 :Yb,Er,Tm-based visual therapeutic platform was developed for imaging-guided synergistic cancer therapy. Due to the presence of the heavy alkali metal Cesium (Cs) in host lattice, the nanoplatform can provide a higher resolution X-ray CT imaging than many other reported lanthanide-based CT contrast agents. Furthermore, by using the targeted RGD motif, chemotherapy drug alpha-tocopheryl succinate ( α -TOS), and photothermal coupling agent ICG, this nanoplatform simultaneously provides multifunctional imaging and targeted synergistic therapy. To demonstrate the theranostic performance of this novel nanoplatform in vivo , visual diagnosis in the small animal model was realized by UCL/CT imaging which was further integrated with targeted chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy. These results provided evidence for the successful construction of a novel lanthanide-based nanoplatform coupled with multimodal imaging diagnosis and potential application in synergistic cancer theranostics.
2D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) have shown great promise in direct X-ray detection. The development of high-performance passive X-ray detectors in 2D OIHPs calls for an increase in material density while maintaining structural polarity, which is becoming quite challenging. Here, a high-density, polar 2D alternating-cation-intercalated (ACI) perovskite, (4-AP)Cs2Pb2I8 (B, 4-AP = 4-amidinopyridinium), capable of addressing this problem is successfully constructed by introducing heavy Cs+ into the interlayer space of an aromatic Dion–Jacobson (DJ) perovskite (4-AP)PbI4 (A). Through such a DJ-to-ACI design, the newly developed 2D OIHP B not only significantly increases its density to 4.23 g cm–3 (even higher than that of 3D MAPbI3) but also crystallizes in a polar space group (Ama2), which further leads to enhanced X-ray attenuation and an obvious polar photovoltage (1.1 V) under X-ray irradiation. As a result, X-ray detectors fabricated by high-quality single crystals of B exhibit excellent and stable detection performance under self-powered mode with a high sensitivity of 107 μC Gy–1 cm–2 and a low detection limit of 289 nGy s–1. This work provides implications for the future exploration and regulation of novel ACI OIHPs for high-performance photoelectronic devices.
Selective enrichment of cesium ions (Cs+) at ultralow concentrations is essential for resource recovery and radioactive waste disposal, yet efficient adsorbents are lacking. Herein, we reported a Prussian blue analogue (K2Cu3(Fe(CN)6)2, Cu-PBA) decorated on MXene nanosheets by in situ fabrication, forming a composite material termed PMX, for enhanced adsorption of Cs+ in acidic solutions and seawater. The stable, negatively charged MXene effectively anchors Cu2+ precursors and promotes Cs+ adsorption. The synergistic interaction between MXene and the in situ-synthesized Cu-PBA significantly enhances the adsorption performance and water stability of PMX in both acidic solutions and seawater. PMX achieves rapid adsorption equilibrium within 5 min, with a high adsorption capacity of 408.2 mg/g at pH 1, surpassing conventional adsorbents. Moreover, PMX shows excellent Cs+ selectivity (Kd = 68,361.7 mL/g), cycle stability, and notable anti-irradiation ability, demonstrating superior efficiency in Cs+ enrichment from complex matrices. The adsorption mechanism involves electrostatic attraction and K+/Cs+ ion exchange, facilitated by MXene’s functional groups and the Cu-PBA structure. These findings underscore the excellent potential of PMX as an efficient adsorbent for resource enrichment and the removal of radioactive elements such as Cs+.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a form of malignancy with limited curative options available. To improve therapeutic outcomes, it is imperative to develop novel, potent therapeutic modalities. Ketoconazole (KET) has shown excellent therapeutic efficacy against HCC by eliciting apoptosis. However, its limited water solubility hampers its application in clinical treatment. Herein, a mitochondria-targeted chemo-photodynamic nanoplatform, CS@KET/P780 NPs, is designed using a nanoprecipitation strategy by integrating a newly synthesized mitochondria-targeted photosensitizer (P780) and chemotherapeutic agent KET coated with chondroitin sulfate (CS) to amplify HCC therapy. In this nanoplatform, CS confers tumor-targeted and subsequently pH-responsive drug delivery behavior by binding to glycoprotein CD44, leading to the release of P780 and KET. Mechanistically, following laser irradiation, P780 targets and destroys mitochondrial integrity, thus inducing apoptosis through the enhancement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) buildup. Meanwhile, KET-induced apoptosis synergistically enhances the anticancer effect of P780. In addition, tumor cells undergoing apoptosis can trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD) and a longer-term antitumor response by releasing tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which together contribute to improved therapeutic outcomes in HCC. Taken together, CS@KET/P780 NPs improve the bioavailability of KET and exhibit excellent therapeutic efficacy against HCC by exerting chemophototherapy and antitumor immunity.
A novel metal-organic framework (MOF) material, MIL-100(Fe)-DMA, was synthesized using the solvothermal method. The structure of the MOF was characterized using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, N 2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the effects of initial Sr 2+ and Cs + concentrations, adsorption time, pH, and coexisting cations on the adsorption performance of the material. The adsorption mechanism was further elucidated using adsorption kinetics and isotherm models. The results indicated that the adsorption of Sr 2+ and Cs + does not significantly affect the MOF material structure. As reaction time and initial ion concentration increased, the adsorption capacity of MIL-100(Fe)-DMA for Sr 2+ and Cs + increased rapidly and then gradually reached equilibrium. Optimal adsorption occurred under alkaline conditions, with maximum adsorption capacity observed at pH = 8. The adsorption process for Sr 2+ and Cs + was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, the Weber–Morris model, and the Langmuir adsorption isothermal model. The adsorption process was mainly identified as monolayer chemical adsorption, influenced by multiple factors. Characterization combined with density functional theory calculations revealed that the unsaturated carboxylic acid groups on the surface of the MOFs play a crucial role in the interaction with Sr 2+ and Cs + .
Throughout the nuclear power production process, the disposal of radioactive waste has consistently raised concerns about environmental safety. When the metal tanks used for waste disposal are corroded, radionuclides seep into the groundwater environment and eventually into the biosphere, causing significant damage to the environment. Hence, investigating the adsorption behavior of radionuclides on the corrosion products of metal tanks used for waste disposal is an essential component of safety and evaluation protocols at disposal sites. In order to understand the adsorption behavior of important radionuclides60Co,59Ni,90Sr,135Cs and129I on α-FeOOH, the influences of different pH values, contact time, temperature and ion concentration on the adsorption rate were studied. The adsorption mechanism was also discussed. It was revealed that the adsorption of key nuclides onto α-FeOOH is significantly influenced by both pH and temperature. This change in surface charge corresponds to alterations in the morphology of nuclide ions within the system, subsequently impacting the adsorption efficiency. Sodium ions (Na+) and chlorate ions (ClO3−) compete for coordination with nuclide ions, thereby exerting an additional influence on the adsorption process. The XPS analysis results demonstrate the formation of an internal coordination bond (Ni–O bond) between Ni2+and iron oxide, which is adsorbed onto α-FeOOH.
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