Materials
·
2023
·Vol. 16
·期 23
·7290
·
IF 3.4
Qi Xu,Yan Yan,Yazhou Jiao,Jinxiong Wu,Xiuling Yan,Xintai Su
Environmental pollution has been widely considered by researchers, especially the heavy metals damage to the human and ecological environment is irreversible. Adsorption is an important method to remove heavy metal ions from the environment. In this paper, humic acid (HA) was functionalized by the improved Hummers method, and its adsorption capacity for Pb(II) was studied. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Roman, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) showed that the thickness of irregular particles decreases to a layered structure during the transformation process. In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) spectra showed that the surface of oxidized-biochar (OBC) was rich in reactive oxygen species, which was conducive to the formation of coordination bonds with Pb(II). Further adsorption experiments showed that it was a spontaneous monolayer chemisorption. The results of the DFT calculation showed that -COOH had the lowest adsorption energy for Pb(II), and it was easier to form stable chemical bonds than -OH, -C=O, and -C-O-C-. Because those oxygen-containing functional groups not only can promote electrostatic attraction but also are more favorable for forming a covalent bond with Pb(II). This study had guiding significance for the deep modification and application of weathered coal as a heavy metal ion adsorbent or cation exchanger.Keywords:HA;adsorption;lead;complexation
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Small Methods
·
2023
·
IF 12.4
Shanhong Wan,Shanshan Xiao,Mingquan Li,Xin Wang,Khak Ho Lim,Min Hong,Maria Ibáñez,Andreu Cabot,Yu Liu
Developing cost-effective and high-performance thermoelectric (TE) materials to assemble efficient TE devices presents a multitude of challenges and opportunities. Cu 3 SbSe 4 is a promising p -type TE material based on relatively earth abundant elements. However, the challenge lies in its poor electrical conductivity. Herein, an efficient and scalable solution-based approach is developed to synthesize high-quality Cu 3 SbSe 4 nanocrystals doped with Pb at the Sb site. After ligand displacement and annealing treatments, the dried powders are consolidated into dense pellets, and their TE properties are investigated. Pb doping effectively increases the charge carrier concentration, resulting in a significant increase in electrical conductivity, while the Seebeck coefficients remain consistently high. The calculated band structure shows that Pb doping induces band convergence, thereby increasing the effective mass. Furthermore, the large ionic radius of Pb 2+ results in the generation of additional point and plane defects and interphases, dramatically enhancing phonon scattering, which significantly decreases the lattice thermal conductivity at high temperatures. Overall, a maximum figure of merit ( zT max ) ≈ 0.85 at 653 K is obtained in Cu 3 Sb 0.97 Pb 0.03 Se 4 . This represents a 1.6-fold increase compared to the undoped sample and exceeds most doped Cu 3 SbSe 4 -based materials produced by solid-state, demonstrating advantages of versatility and cost-effectiveness using a solution-based technology.
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2021
·
IF 4.527
Enpei Cai,Qibin Liu,Huaizhang Gu
(Ga 0.5 Li 0.5 )ZrO 3 doped lead-free piezoceramics (Ba 0.93 Ca 0.07 )(Sn 0.08 Ti 0.92 )O 3 {which was abbreviated as (1- x )BCST- x GLZ} were fabricated via traditional solid-state method. Microstructures and electrical properties of all samples were studied in detail using XRD , SEM, TEM, piezoelectric response, dielectric temperature spectrum, and ferroelectric hysteresis loop. Based on the experimental results, all the as-prepared samples possessed pure ABO 3 perovskite structure. Single tetragonal (T) phase was obtained at x = 0 and 0.5 mol %, but the coexistence of orthorhombic-tetragonal (O-T) phase constructing MPB was obtained at 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.4 mol %. There was an initial increase in the grain size, which subsequently decreased. However, there was an initial reduction in the point defects ( i.e. , vacancies and pores, etc. ), which then increased. The specimen possessed nanoscale lamellar domains and monocrystal structure at 0.2 mol %. All samples acquired good electrical property, especially for the sample at 0.2 mol %. It was confirmed that all specimens were relaxor ferroelectrics.
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CHEMOSPHERE
·
2021
·
IF 7.086
Yiheng Miao,Weijun Peng,Yijun Cao,Luping Chang,Guixia Fan,Futao Yu
In the work, sulfhydryl functionalized montmorillonite nanosheets based hydrogel balls were firstly synthesized for Pb(II) adsorption, and then characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), surface area analyzer (BET), thermogravimetry (TG), and zeta potential . Effects of initial solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, temperature on Pb(II) adsorption of the resulting hydrogel balls were investigated systematically. The experimental results showed that the increase amount of sulfhydryl functionalized montmorillonite nanosheets (MMTNs-SH) maintained the hydrogel balls a better porous structure and bigger specific surface area, endowing it a bigger adsorption capacity. The adsorption process was fitted well with pseudo-second-order kinetics model and Freundlich model, and more than 97% of Pb(II) could be removed under the optimum conditions. Moreover, hydrogel spheres have a certain cycle performance. In addition, the interactions between Pb(Ⅱ) ions and the oxygen atoms in the hydroxyl groups and the sulfur atoms in the sulfhydryl groups, and the ion exchange in MMTNs-SH dominated the adsorption.
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2020
·
IF 4.872
Shuang Guan,SiYu Tao,YiXuan Huang,YingLi Jin,YuTing Hu,Jing Lu
Carbon black (CB) and heavy metals are the main components of Particulate Matter (PM). Although the individual toxicities of CB and heavy metals have been extensively studied, the combined toxicity is much less understood. In this study, we choose the nano carbon black (CBNPs) and Pb 2+ to simulate fine particles in the atmosphere and study the combined toxic effect on rat alveolar macrophages. The data showed that CBNPs could adsorb Pb 2+ to form CBNPs-Pb 2+ complex and displayed an altered physical properties by particle characterization. CBNPs-Pb 2+ synergistically induced rat alveolar macrophages apoptosis and blocked autophagy flux compared with CBNPs and Pb 2+ individually. Consistent with this, CBNPs-Pb 2+ could impair the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), activate apoptotic signaling pathways, inhibit lysosomal function.
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JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
·
2021
·
IF 5.302
Lang Bian,Xudong Qi,Kai Li,Jinhui Fan,Zhanmiao Li,Enwei Sun,Bin Yang,Shuxiang Dong,Wenwu Cao
Ternary 0.552Pb(Ni 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -xPbZrO 3 -(0.448-x)PbTiO 3 (PNN-PZ-PT) ceramics near the triple point compositions were fabricated by an improved two-step sintering method. The triple point composition 0.552PNN-0.135PZ-0.313PT ceramic has outstanding piezoelectric performance with piezoelectric coefficient d 33 = 1200 pC/N. Its easy fabrication and low cost make this piezoelectric material an excellent candidate for high sensitivity sensors and ultrasonic transducers. The evolution of domain structures for ceramics with composition near the triple point provides deeper insight into the mechanism of ultrahigh piezoelectric properties of PNN-PZ-PT ceramics.
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Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers
·
2020
·
IF 4.794
Yuping Chen,Zipeng Yang,Qianxin Zhang,Daijun Fu,Ping Chen,Ruobai Li,Haijin Liu,Yalan Wang,Yang Liu,Wenying Lv,Guoguang Liu
Tartaric acid (TA) is an important component of plant rhizosphere secretion, having a certain influence on the adsorption and desorption behavior of heavy metals in soil. Humin could serve as an environmentally compatible passivator of heavy metal in soil. The aims of this study were to simulate the adsorption of Pb (II) via humin in a soil solution, explore the effects of TA on the adsorption of Pb (II) by humin and elucidate the mechanism of its influence. The results indicated that the adsorption of Pb (II) on the surface of humin within and without TA was consistent with the Langmuir isotherm equation and the pseudo-secondary kinetic model (R 2 > 0.99). The effect of TA on adsorption was related to the concentration of TA. With the increasing of TA concentration, the adsorption of Pb (II) by humin showed a peak change and the adsorption amount reached the maximum with 0.5 mmol L −1 humin, is 192.31 mg L −1 with 0.1 mmol TA. Basing on adsorption experiments and characterization of FTIR, SEM, EDX and XPS. It revealed that the oxygenated groups of TA can be combined with humin by hydrogen bonding, in the low concentration TA (less than 0.5 mmol L −1 ), which is equivalent to an increment of the carboxyl group on the surface of humin, thus adsorption amount was increased. The increasing of the concentration of TA led to an increment of free TA in the solution, which would complex with the lead ions in the solution, and indirectly reduce the amount of Pb(II) adsorption on the humin.
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Materials
·
2019
·Vol. 12
·期 6
·942
·
IF 2.972
Huo-Xi Jin,Hong Ping Xu,Nan Wang,Li-Ye Yang,Yang-Guang Wang,Di Yu,Xiao-Kun Ouyang
The ability to remove toxic heavy metals, such as Pb(II), from the environment is an important objective from both human-health and ecological perspectives. Herein, we describe the fabrication of a novel carboxymethylcellulose-coated metal organic material (MOF-5–CMC) adsorbent that removed lead ions from aqueous solutions. The adsorption material was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We studied the functions of the contact time, pH, the original concentration of the Pb(II) solution, and adsorption temperature on adsorption capacity. MOF-5–CMC beads exhibit good adsorption performance; the maximum adsorption capacity obtained from the Langmuir isotherm-model is 322.58 mg/g, and the adsorption equilibrium was reached in 120 min at a concentration of 300 mg/L. The adsorption kinetics is well described by pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the adsorption equilibrium data are well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model (R2= 0.988). Thermodynamics experiments indicate that the adsorption process is both spontaneous and endothermic. In addition, the adsorbent is reusable. We conclude that MOF-5–CMC is a good adsorbent that can be used to remove Pb(II) from aqueous solutions.Keywords:carboxymethylcellulose;adsorption;Pb(II);MOF-5
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Nanoscale Research Letters
·
2015
·Vol. 10
·期 1
·1-9
·
IF 2.779
Qi Yun,Jiang Meng,Cui Yuan-Lu,Zhao Lin,Zhou Xia
Pb(II) is a representative heavy metal in industrial wastewater, which may frequently cause serious hazard to living organisms. In this study, comparative studies between alginate nanoparticles (AN) and quercetin-decorated alginate nanoparticles (Q-AN) were investigated for Pb(II) ion adsorption. Characterization of AN and Q-AN were analysed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG-DSC). The main operating conditions such as pH, initial concentration of Pb(II), and co-existing metal ions were also investigated using a batch experiment. AN and Q-AN, with a diameter of 95.06 and 58.23 nm, were constituted by many small primary nanoparticles. It revealed that when initial concentration of Pb(II) is between 250 and 1250 mg L −1 , the adsorption rate and equilibrium adsorption were increased with the increase of pH from 2 to 7. The maximum adsorption capacities of 147.02 and 140.37 mg L −1 were achieved by AN and Q-AN, respectively, with 0.2 g adsorbents in 1000 mg L −1 Pb(II) at pH 7. The adsorption rate of Pb(II) was little influenced by the co-existing metal ions, such as Mn(II), Co(II), and Cd(II). Desorption experiments showed that Q-AN possessed a higher desorption rate than AN, which were 90.07 and 83.26 %, respectively. AN and Q-AN would probably be applied as adsorbents to remove Pb(II) and then recover it from wastewater for the advantages of simple preparation, high adsorption capacity, and recyclability.
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ADSORPTION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2017
·
IF 0.754
Xianglong Ao,Hongzhi Guan
A novel hydrophilic Pb(II) ion-imprinted polymer (Pb(II)-IIP) was synthesized using lead ion as a template ion, 2-(allyl sulfur) nicotinic acid as functional monomer by precipitation polymerization method. The adsorption capacity of Pb(II)-IIP to Pb(II) was saturated at 16 min, and the adsorption process is consistent with the quasi-second-order kinetic adsorption model. The optimum adsorption capacity of Pb(II)-IIP was 29.67 mg/g, about triple than Pb(II)-NIP, and the adsorption is in accordance with the Langmuir isothermal model, which indicates that it is dominated by single layer chemical adsorption. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) data confirm that the chelate ratio of Pb(II) to 2-(allylthio) nicotinic acid is 1:2. In the presence of competing ions, the adsorption capacity of Pb(II)-IIP to Pb(II) is much larger than that of other ions, which indicates that Pb(II)-IIP is less disturbed by competitive ions. The experiment of application of practical wastewater shows that Pb(II)-IIP has a Pb(II) removal rate of 97.2% or more in practical industrial wastewater, which is in accordance with national emission standards. It is proved that Pb(II)-IIP is an effective material to remove Pb(II) in industrial wastewater.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2016
·
IF 3.138
Jiao Lu,Ru-Na Jin,Chao Liu,Yan-Fei Wang,Xiao-kun Ouyang
A novel magnetic carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal composite (CCN-Fe 3 O 4 ) was prepared as an adsorbent for the adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The new adsorbent was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, and temperature on adsorption capacity. Pb(II) adsorption onto CCN-Fe 3 O 4 reached equilibrium in 240 min, and the maximum adsorption capacity of Pb(II) was 63.78 mg g −1 at 298.2 K. The equilibrium data fitted the Langmuir isotherm model better than the Freundlich isotherm model, and they were well explained in terms of pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamics studies indicated that the adsorption of Pb(II) onto CCN-Fe 3 O 4 was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The adsorbent could also be regenerated with acid treatment and successfully reapplied.
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WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
·
2017
·Vol. 228
·期 9
·1-16
·
IF 1.702
Shu Yuehong,Huang Renlong,Wei Xiangyu,Liu Lingling,Jia Zhenzhen
Different from direct application of free nanoparticles (NPs) in water treatment, a composite material is used to reduce the release and potential toxic effects of NPs with maintained adsorption capacity and kinetics. Novel monolithic composites with TiO 2 NPs incorporated into the walls of macroporous cryogels were synthesized and evaluated for material characteristics and their efficiency for removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution in batch test and continuous mode. The uniformly distributed 6% TiO 2 -cryogel is shown to be optimal for minimizing TiO 2 NP losses while maximizing Pb(II) removal. Under (25.0 ± 0.1) °C with the initial Pb(II) concentration of 10 mg/l, TiO 2 -cryogels exhibit excellent adsorption characteristic for Pb(II) removal with adsorption capacity up to 23.27 mg/g TiO 2 , which is even a little higher than that of TiO 2 NPs (21.58 mg/g TiO 2 ), and the results fit well with Langmuir–Freundlich isotherm. Both adsorbents work well in higher pH range with the highest removal rate at pH 6 for TiO 2 -cryogel, and the adsorption mechanism might be strong chemical interaction. Pseudo-second-order process can better describe the adsorption process rather than pseudo-first-order for both adsorbents. The external mass transfer process of Pb(II) on TiO 2 NPs is much faster than that on TiO 2 -cryogel, and the ultimate equilibrium time is about the same (3 h) on both adsorbents. The synthesized composites could also withstand a continuous treatment, and the effect of competing and co-existing constituents such as Cd 2+ , SO 4
2− and dissolved organic matter (DOM) is almost negligible. The composite design with small particles embedded into cryogels is proved to successfully keep the adsorption activity of TiO 2 NPs and prevent them from releasing into the environment in engineering practice.
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