RENEWABLE ENERGY
·
2024
·
IF 9
Kai Zhang,Zhengyong Huang,Jian Li
Natural polyphenols are commonly used as antioxidants in oil-based systems due to their strong antioxidant activity and safety profile. However, their hydrophilic nature limits their solubility in oils, a limitation that can be addressed by converting them into hydrophobic lipophenols through esterification. In this study, the antioxidant activity and oxidative stability of gallic acid and its ester derivatives in natural ester oils were investigated. Density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to elucidate the antioxidant mechanisms of gallic acid esters. The results indicate that gallic acid esters form stable hydrogen-bonded complexes with natural ester molecules, and the lower reaction barrier with ROO• radicals facilitates effective interactions between the antioxidants and oil molecules, thereby enhancing antioxidant efficacy. Among the derivatives, C2-GA demonstrates superior antioxidant activity due to its lowest reaction barrier with ROO• radicals and the stability of its hydrogen-bonded complexes with natural esters. This aligns well with experimental findings, as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests show that C2-GA increases the oxidation induction time (OIT) of natural ester oils by 119 %, significantly enhancing oxidative stability. Additionally, C2-GA exhibits strong radical scavenging ability in the DPPH radical assay, further supporting its high antioxidant potential. These results demonstrate that this computational approach can effectively predict the antioxidant potential of gallic acid esters, facilitating the rational design of new polyphenolic antioxidants for applications in oil-based systems.
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Food Biophysics
·
2026
·Vol. 21
·期 3
·83
·
IF 3.9
Zheng Hangrong,Liu Guosheng,Wang Litao,Zhou Wanmei,Zhang Xinlin,Fu Yujie
Lonicera caerulea L. anthocyanins (LA) exhibit notable bioactivities but suffer from poor stability, which severely limits their practical applications. To address this challenge, we fabricated double-layered nanoparticles using zein and gum arabic (GA) to encapsulate LA immediately after extraction. Gallic acid (GAc)was co-encapsulated as a copigment, which stabilized LA via noncovalent interactions (hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking), accompanied by obvious hyperchromic and bathochromic effects that enhanced LA stability. The nanoparticles were systematically characterized, and their stability, in vitro release behavior, and antioxidant activity were evaluated. The optimized nanoparticles were uniformly spherical with a particle size of 155.03 nm. The corresponding encapsulation efficiency was 85.53%. The retention rate of encapsulated LA reached 68.95% after thermal treatment for 5 h. After 25 days of storage, its retention rate was 74.81%. Both values were significantly higher than those of free LA. In vitro release profiles revealed intestinal targeting and sustained-release characteristics. The nanoparticles exhibited efficient DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging (IC₅₀ = 0.13 ± 0.01 mg/mL) and inhibited intracellular ROS production, indicating favorable biocompatibility and antioxidant activity. This nanoparticle system co-encapsulated with GAc significantly improved the stability, sustained release, and antioxidant performance of LA, extending its application potential in functional foods and nutraceuticals. Graphical
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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·Vol. 125
·期 7
·2200161
·
IF 2.7
Ying Luo,Guan-Hua Zhao,Xue-Chen Pei,Fa-Wen Yin,Hui-Lin Liu,Lei Qin,Da-Yong Zhou
In this study, the antioxidant effects of gallic acid (GA) and its alkyl esters including methyl gallate (MG), butyl gallate (BG), octyl gallate (OG), and lauryl gallate (LG) in whole oyster meats and oyster meat homogenates during cold storage are investigated. The oxidation degree of lipid is measured by peroxide value (POV), thiobarbituric acid active substances (TBARS), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) percentage. The results show that the lipid oxidation in the two types of samples is inhibited by GA alkyl esters, and the antioxidant effects first increase and then decrease along with the extension of the chain length, among the esters, BG and OG are relatively more effective. Therefore, it is speculated that the antioxidant capacity of GA alkyl esters may be influenced by hydrophobicity and follows a “cut-off effect” in whole oyster meats and oyster meat homogenates. Practical application : Seafood is easily oxidized even under cold storage because it contains more PUFA. Antioxidants are widely used to inhibit lipid oxidation. In this study, the antioxidant capacity of GA alkyl esters in whole oyster meats and oyster meat homogenates is investigated, which improves the selection of suitable antioxidants to strengthen the oxidation stability of oyster samples for cold storage.
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Food Chemistry-X
·
2023
·
IF 6.1
Xin Qi,He Liu,Yongfang Ren,Yihao Zhu,Qiulu Wang,Yanqing Zhang,Yushu Wu,Lixia Yuan,Hui Yan,Min Liu
The combined application of multiple natural polyphenols in functional foods may provide better health benefits. The binding of polyphenols with different structures to proteins will affect their respective functions. Spectroscopy and molecular docking were used to investigate the competitive binding of chlorogenic acid (CGA)/caffeic acid (CA) and gallic acid (GA) to trypsin. The effects of different molecular structures and the order of adding the three phenolic acids on the binding were assessed. The stability of trypsin and its docked complexes with CGA/CA/GA was evaluated by molecular dynamics simulation. The effects of the binding process on the activity and thermal stability of trypsin, as well as on the antioxidant activity and stability of CGA/CA/GA were explored. The competitive binding of CGA/CA and GA to trypsin affected their synergistic antioxidant effects. The results may provide a reference for the combined application of CGA/CA and GA in food and pharmaceutical fields.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2023
·
IF 8.8
Jiejun Li,Yaqi Yang,Yuhong Li,Pengcheng Zhao,Junjie Fei,Yixi Xie
Gallic acid is widely used as an antioxidant in food because of its good antioxidant function, but excessive intake induces side effects in humans, so it is essential to devise a highly responsive technique for detecting gallic acid. In this work, we synthesized ZIF-67@FePc by the one-pot method. The synthesized material is more stable at high temperatures compared to ZIF-67 and maintains its original morphology during pyrolysis, when iron was introduced as a second metal active site during the synthesis process. Subsequently, Co/FeO X @NC-800 was employed to fabricate a GA sensor on a GCE. The developed sensor exhibited remarkable sensitivity towards GA, featuring a low LOD of 1.30 nM and a linear range spanning from 5 to 4500 nM. The electrochemical sensors we have prepared also showed good selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. It has been successfully employed for detecting GA in actual samples such as apples, grapes, tomatoes, and red wine.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry B
·
2023
·Vol. 12
·期 1
·122-130
·
IF 7
Shiyi Ye,Fei Su,Junxing Li,Bin Yu,Lihua Xu,Tao Xiong,Kang Shao,Xiufang Yuan
With the urgent need for antiviral agents, antiviral materials with high biocompatibility and antiviral effects have attracted a lot of attention. In this study, gallic acid, a natural polyphenolic compound, was transformed into biocompatible graphene quantum dots (GAGQDs) which exhibit enhanced antiviral activity against pseudorabies virus (PRV). The as-prepared GAGQDs inhibit PRV proliferation with a 104-fold reduction in viral titers. Investigation of the antiviral mechanism revealed that GAGQDs inhibit the adsorption, invasion and replication of PRV infection. Treatment with GAGQDs regulates the expression levels of interferon-related antiviral proteins, including mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1), suggesting that GAGQDs can stimulate innate antiviral immune responses, resulting in enhanced antiviral effects. More importantly, GAGQD treatments alleviate clinical symptoms and reduce mortality in PRV-infected mice. Our results reveal the enhanced therapeutic effects of GAGQDs against PRV infection in vitro and in vivo, suggesting the potential of GAGQDs as a promising novel antiviral agent.
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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2023
·
IF 4.2
Xiaoyu Shi,Kai Wang,Shishuai Gao,Daihui Zhang,Chenhuan Lai,Can Jin,Mi Li,Chunpeng Wang,Qiang Yong,Fuxiang Chu
As lignin is one of the most abundant renewable resources, utilization to fabricate functional hydrogels has gained increasing attention. However, the heterogeneous structure and the few available functional groups of lignin limited its applications. Herein, we presented a simple strategy to synthesize gallic acid (GA)-modified lignin as a key component to prepare conductive hydrogels. The addition of GA during the organic solvent pretreatment of poplar changed the structure of lignin and increased the total content of phenolic hydroxyl groups from 3.20 to 3.89 mmol/g (EOL-G30). Moreover, the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated poplar was enhanced from 49.1 to 55.2% (OP-G30) at a low enzyme loading of 5 FPU/g. When using GA-modified lignin to prepare hydrogels, the resulting hydrogel exhibited excellent self-adhesion to various substrates and demonstrated effective free radical scavenging capabilities. When incorporating sodium chloride (NaCl) as conductive ions, the hydrogels exhibit reliable strain-sensing capability. Moreover, they also displayed robust functionality in a low-temperature environment (−20 °C). This study has presented valuable insights to realize in situ modification of lignin and fabricate lignin-based functional materials, offering new perspectives for the biorefinery industry.
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FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
·
2023
·
IF 10.7
Zhibin Chen,Wenbo Wang,Jie Xiao
The interfacial-bulk phase distribution behavior of antioxidants is closely related to their anti-oxidative efficiency. In this study, the dynamic distribution behavior of gallic acid (GA) in a zein particles-Tween 20 co-stabilized emulsions (CPE) and its impact on the oxidative stability of CPE were elucidated via a combined experimental and Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) method. As the concentration of TW20 increased, the competitive displacement of Zp from the interface was observed. Consequently, the interfacial loading of Zp decreased, leading to a corresponding decrease in the content of GA on the interface. The study's pseudo-phase model provided quantitative data indicating that the interfacial partition percentage of GA decreased from 70.72% to 48.63%, while the interfacial adsorption rate of GA decreased from 0.039 to 0.015. A notable discovery was made in emulsions solely stabilized by Zp, where 17.58% of GA was lost at the interface through free diffusion. However, in CPE, this loss was significantly reduced to 9.12%. This reduction was achieved by maintaining an appropriate concentration of TW20 (ranging from 0.19 to 1.91 mM), which facilitated a higher interfacial distribution of GA in CPE. Additionally, inhibiting the free diffusion of antioxidants at the interface, as indicated by the diffusion coefficients ranging from 20.51 to 4.45, contributed to the improved oxidative stability of the CPE. The study not only provided insights into the phase-interface distribution behavior of antioxidants in emulsions but also offered in-situ determination methods to guide the interfacial engineering of emulsions.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 8.5
Tao Zhou,Daqing Chen,Haoran Li,Danhua Ge,Xiaojun Chen
The content of gallic acid (GA) is positively correlated with the quality grade of tea. Here, we developed a colorimetric method based on raspberry-like N -doped Mn 3 O 4 nanospheres (N-Mn 3 O 4 NSs) with oxidase-like activity for GA assay. Modulating the electronic structure of Mn 3 O 4 by N doping could promote the catalysis ability, and the produced oxygen vacancies (OVs) can provide high surface energy and abundant active sites. The N-Mn 3 O 4 NSs presented low Michaelis-Menten constant (K m ) of 0.142 mM and maximum initial velocity (V max ) of 9.8 × 10 −6 M s −1 . The sensor exhibited excellent analytical performance towards GA detection, including low LOD (0.028 μM) and promising linear range (5 ∼ 30 μM). It is attributed that OVs and O 2 − participated in TMB oxidation. Based on the reaction color changes, a visualized semi-quantitative GA detection could be realized via a smartphone-based system. It could be applied for evaluating GA quality in market-purchased black tea and green tea.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
Jianfeng Hu,Guoqiang Zeng
Chitosan grafted with gallic acid (CS-GA), along with CS-GA doped with CeO 2 nanoparticles (CS-GA-CeO 2 ) were synthesized as novel environmentally friendly mild steel corrosion inhibitors. The formation of these derivatives was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H NMR), and thermal analysis (TGA). Based on potentiodynamic polarization curves (PDP) measurements, the inhibitors acted primarily as hybrid inhibitors, while following the Langmuir adsorption theory model. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and 3D surface profiles, confirmed that CS-GA-CeO 2 adsorbed on the mild steel forming a protective layer thus preventing the invasion of corrosive media. The corrosion protection mechanism of chitosan derivatives was investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Electrochemical measurements were used to investigate the corrosion inhibition by CS-GA and CS-GA-CeO 2 on mild steel in a 3.5 % NaCl solution. At room temperature, the highest inhibition efficiency (93.58 %) was achieved at 200 ppm CS-GA-CeO 2 . Modified chitosan nanocomposites were confirmed as promising corrosion inhibitors.
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Food Bioscience
·
2024
·
IF 4.8
Yuzhong Yan,Xiaoyun Fei,Zhaohua Huang,Hongtao Chen,Deming Gong,Guowen Zhang
This study aimed to improve the functional properties of egg white protein (EWP) by covalent modification of EWP with xanthan gum (XG) and gallic acid (GA)/tannic acid (TA) to form covalent complexes. The structure and functional properties of EWP before and after modification were explored. The results showed that the grafting degree of EWP-GA-XG and EWP-TA-XG reached 37.23% and 44.01% respectively measured by the OPA method. The secondary structure of EWP became loose after reaction with GA/TA and XG, with a decrease in the content of α-helix and an increase in the β-sheet content, thus contributing to the improvement of its functional properties. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging rate and iron reduction ability of EWP-GA-XG (44.94%, 56.38%, 18.29 mg VC/μmol) and EWP-TA-XG (85.45%, 88.39%, 39.26 mg VC/μmol) complexes were significantly improved compared with EWP (7.90%, 12.94%, 0.12 mg VC/μmol). The emulsion activity index and emulsion stability index of EWP-GA-XG (10.05 m 2 /g, 96.43%) and EWP-TA-XG (11.04 m 2 /g, 96.53%) complexes were also improved as compared to those of EWP (5.94 m 2 /g, 51.45%). Moreover, the peak transition temperatures of EWP-GA-XG (138.09 °C) and EWP-TA-XG (143.96 °C) complexes were higher than that of EWP (125.00 °C). This study may provide the theoretical basis for improving the functional properties of EWP and expanding its application in the field of food.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2025
·
IF 5.4
Hongyuan Zhao,Mengyuan Zhao,Yuyang Zhang,Xinya Xu,Zirong Li,Sridhar Komarneni
To enable the ultrasensitive gallic acid (GA) determination, we aimed to design a multifunctional integrated electrochemical sensor that promoted electron transfer and enriched GA molecules. This work reported an ultrasonic-assisted one-pot preparation of β-cyclodextrin-encapsulated and mesoporous silica-embedded graphenized carbon nanotubes (GRCT@MPS@β-CD), which were employed for the decoration of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The fabricated GRCT@MPS@β-CD/GCE exhibited outstanding electrochemical response toward GA, achieving a low detection limit of 8.53 nM across the linear range of 0.5–15 μM. Low relative standard deviation values were obtained in repeatability, reproducibility, and anti-interference measurements. When applied to analyze GA in real tea samples, the GRCT@MPS@β-CD/GCE sensor showed satisfactory recovery rates (95.91–103.7 %) and RSD values (1.25–3.84 %). Such excellent GA detection property may be attributed to the synergistic interaction of GRCT@MPS@β-CD. MPS with mesoporous structure could furnish high-density silanol sites that pre-concentrated GA through hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking, and β-CD could promote the enrichment of GA molecules via host-guest inclusion effect. Moreover, β-CD could promote the uniform dispersion of GRCT with high graphitization and excellent electrical conductivity, which established an interconnected carbon conductive networks. This work offers valuable guidance for the design of ultrasensitive GA electrochemical sensors.
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