WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
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2021
·Vol. 93
·期 10
·2298-2307
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IF 1.946
Tiantian Song,Wanyi Fu,Shaohui Liu,Xihui Zhang
The performance of the integrated process of coagulation and ozonation with ceramic membrane filtration was evaluated for the treatment of shale gas hydraulic fracturing flowback wastewater (HFFW). The removal efficiencies of carbon oxygen demand (COD Cr ), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), petroleum oils, and turbidity in effluent by the combined process were 87.1%, 72.2%, 94.3%, and 99.6%, respectively. Compared with sole membrane filtration, the transmembrane pressure (TMP) of ceramic membrane filtration was reduced by >99% with the integrated process. The coagulation and ozonation can effectively remove the organics with high molecular weights in the cake layer of ceramic membrane. To the best of our knowledge, this work proposed the combined process of coagulation, ozonation, and flat-sheet ceramic membrane filtration for the treatment of HFFW for the first time. The water quality of the effluent met the discharge standard (Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standard GB8978-1996). The findings can provide an important technical foundation for the innovation of integrated equipment for HFFW treatment. Practitioner points An integrated process combining coagulation and ozonation with flat-sheet ceramic membrane ultrafiltration for the treatment of shale gas wastewater. The water quality of this integrated process met the discharge standard. Coagulation and ozonation effectively alleviated the membrane fouling related to organics with high molecular weights. A new avenue for on-site treatment of shale gas wastewater and an alternative of the current centralized wastewater management.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2021
·
IF 7.514
Wensheng Yao,Yingxuan Cai,Dengyong Liu,Yu Chen,Jianrong Li,Mingcheng Zhang,Na Chen,Hao Zhang
In order to help the poultry industry to generate higher quality products, the headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) technique was used to identify volatile substances formed during the processing of Dezhou braised chicken (DBC). A total of 37 volatile substances including aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, esters, terpenoids, furans and pyrazines were identified during DBC processing across seven sampling stages. The analyses identified 2-ethylhexanol as a key flavor chemical within the chicken carcasses, and found that ethyl acetate, 1-hexanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanone and 1-pentanol were mainly produced during the deep-frying stage of processing. Stewing with herbs and spices was found to be an important stage in the flavor impartation process. 2-Butanone, n -nonanal, heptanal and ethanol were positively related to processing stage 3, whereas processing stage 4 was characterized by ethyl propanoate, benzaldehyde, butyl acetate, 2-pentyl furan and 2-heptanone. The processing stages 5, 6 and 7 were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from each other.
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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2021
·
IF 5.909
Qiaohan Li,Hui-qiang Li,Qian Rao,Ping Yang
The concentrated liquor of gas field wastewater (CL-GFW) obtained by cryogenic multi-effect distillation is high-concentration organic wastewater. The MgAl-LDH@Fe 3 O 4 particles were successfully synthesized as the catalysts of the heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) system to effectively degrade refractory organic pollutants in the CL-GFW. The particles broadened the pH range of the EF process under optimal conditions. The highest COD removal efficiency could achieve 88.18% after 4 h with pH of 5. The mesoporous particles were systematically studied via a series of characterization techniques. The heterogeneous degradation mechanisms were explored by radical quenching experiments, variation of H 2 O 2 and Fe ion concentrations , and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The results indicated that the synergistic effects of the active free radical oxidation , enhanced catalysis, and surface complexation contributed to the degradation of recalcitrant organics in the heterogeneous EF process. Electrocatalysis and homogeneous EF trials exhibited lower COD degradation rates of 45.68% and 62.86% comparing with the heterogeneous EF. The representative refractory organics before and after the heterogeneous EF reaction were identified by GC-MS and HPLC-MS methods. The excellent stability and reusability of the particles in the heterogeneous EF system were verified through five cyclic experiments with low sludge production and metal leaching rate.
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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
·
2019
·
IF 6.393
Jianmei Gao,Hu Meng,Qi Hu,Junyu Chang,Liang Feng
Semiconductor metal oxide (SMO)-based GC detector was investigated by rational design of 2D materials used as detector sensing film, which was verified to be a feasible way to overcome tailing and peak spreading phenomena usually existed in SMOs-based GC detector. Specifically, 2D flake-like ZnO chosen as an example was successfully synthesized by employing 2D ZIF-8 as template, and then acted as detector in portable gas chromatograph. The properties of detector were evaluated via detection of alcohols and other oxygen-containing VOCs. The results exhibited good linear dependence between peak heights and concentrations of target gases with a short response and recovery time (several seconds) and a high sensitivity, low detection limit (ppb level), together with prominent selectivity for oxygen-containing VOCs than hydrocarbons. Moreover, tailing and peak spreading phenomena mentioned above were hardly observed due to a smaller diffusion barrier for 2D material as compared to 3D counter parts. It is concluded that 2D materials-based portable GC detectors indeed possess great potential in practical application in the future.
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JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES
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2019
·
IF 2.813
Yanwei Fu,Xiaowen Dou,Lei Zhang,Jiaan Qin,Meihua Yang,Jiaoyang Luo
Developing an analysis of multi-pesticide residues for different herbal species-ready applications is a challenge. In the present work, a comprehensive analysis was proposed for rapid detection of 201 pesticides in various medicinal herbs. Samples were extracted and cleaned up with a high throughput pretreatment approach (modified QuEChERS), and then detected by gas chromatograph coupled to an electron impact ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC-EI-MS/MS). The clean-up procedure has been optimized using four types of representative medicinal herbs with different primary or secondary metabolites . Moreover, a mixture of analyte protectants (APs) was to improve the peak shape and intensity of some compounds. The performance of the method was validated according to the European Union SANTE/11813/2017 regulatory guidelines. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was determined to be ≤10 ng mL − 1 , and the recovery was between 70.0%–120.0%, with ≤20% RSD for the majority of pesticides. Sixty samples belonging to different species of medicinal herbs (such radix, flos, cortex, fructus, and seeds) were analyzed to evaluate the applicability of the optimized method. High frequency of chlorpyrifos was found in Citri reticulatae pericarpium, Crataegi fructus and Cuscutae semen samples.
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MICROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2019
·Vol. 186
·期 8
·1-6
·
IF 5.479
Yu Li-Qing,Su Fei-Hong,Ma Meng-Yuan,Lv Yun-Kai
A method is described for non-invasive glucose monitoring of diabetics by means of breath analysis. The metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) ZIF-7, UiO-66 and MOF-5 were chosen as sorbents in packed tubes for sampling and preconcentration of acetone and isopropanol which are established diabetes biomarkers. The MOF UiO-66 was found to be the most appropriate sorbent. Following thermal desorption, acetone and isopropanol where quantified by GC. The method has low limits of detection (0.79–0.84 μg·L −1 ) and wide linear ranges (5–2000 μg·L −1 ). It is assumed that the good performance of UiO-66 as a sorbent results from its large surface area and unique porous structure, and from van der Waals interactions. The relative standard deviation for six replicate cycles of sampling and preconcentration using one 50 mg UiO-66 packed tube ranged between 2.3 and 6.7% for intra-day assays, and from 2.7 to 4.3% for inter-day assays. A tube packed with 50 mg of UiO-66 packed tube can be used in over 120 cycles of adsorption/desorption without significant loss of collection efficiency. The GC method has been applied for the analysis of diabetic breath samples, and the recoveries from spiked samples ranged from 89.1 to 107.6%.
Schematic presentation of metal-organic frameworks as sorbents combined with thermal desorption-gas chromatography for the determination of acetone and isopropanol in exhaled breath of diabetics.
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JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
·
2019
·
IF 3.858
Xiujun Cao,Qiyue Xie,Song Zhang,Hanlin Xu,Jie Su,Jiabin Zhang,Chunhui Deng,Guoxing Song
Monodispersed magnetic microspheres were synthesized by the magnetization of the aminized polystyrene cores and the subsequent polymerization of allyl glycidyl ether, divinylbenzene and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, which exhibited excellent monodispersity in aqueous solution and high efficiency for allyl-benzodioxoles extraction. Various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) were employed to characterize the composites. Coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), a sensitive and simple magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) procedure based on the prepared microspheres was established for determination of allyl-benzodioxoles in cola-flavoured drinks. The factors affecting the extraction procedure, such as pH value, adsorbent amount, adsorption time, desorption solution and desorption time were optimized. The developed method was characterized by a high recovery (spiked at 5 μg L −1 , 25 μg L −1 and 250 μg L −1 ), a low detection limit (0.05 μg L −1 for safrole and 0.08 μg L −1 for myristicin), a good linearity (correlation coefficients higher than 0.9990 for both) and a satisfactory repeatability (relative standard deviation below 3.7% for both, n = 3). The approach proposed here was confirmed to be fast and reliable for quantitative analysis of allyl-benzodioxoles in cola samples, especially at a trace level.
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ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
·
2019
·
IF 5.714
Zhuo Chen,Alireza Afshari,Jinhan Mo
Phthalates are widely used as additives to consumer products. Many diseases have been shown to be related to the uptake of phthalates. To achieve equilibrium constant phthalate generation for mass transfer and exposure experiments, the present study developed a porous media based method using Teflon generators connected to the media with stainless steel connectors. Carbon sponges with the porosities of 20 ppi (pores per inch), 30 ppi, 40 ppi and honeycomb ceramics of 14 ppi were used as porous media fillers to evaluate the effect of temperature-controlled states, materials, and pore sizes on the generating performance of phthalates. The results showed that 30 ppi carbon sponge fillers at 25.0 ± 0.4 °C performed satisfactorily. DMP, DiBP and DEHP were used as examined phthalates and were generated at 12,800 ± 740 μg/m 3 , 330 ± 13 μg/m 3 and 2.37 ± 0.15 μg/m 3 , respectively. The times to reach stable concentrations were 4.5 h, 18.5 h and 89.5 h, respectively. The reproducibility of DiBP and DEHP delivery deviated by less than 2.4%. Long-term generating experiments should be performed in the future. The porous media based method could stably deliver gaseous PAEs and tends to be widely used in the research of the adsorption of PAEs on surfaces (airborne particles, settled dust and indoor surfaces) and exposure experiments.
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ENERGY & FUELS
·
2020
·
IF 3.421
Jun Chen,Yi Chen,Dzmitry Hrynsphan,Yu Mei,Hua Pan,Jiali Wu,Jianmeng Chen,Jiachao Yao
FeII(EDTA) solution has been considered an efficient option in wet flue gas denitrification, whereas the generated FeII(EDTA)–NO restricts its wide application, suggesting that FeII(EDTA)–NO reduction is the key to this process. This work investigated the performance, kinetics, and mechanism of FeII(EDTA)–NO reduction by Mn powder coupled with manganese ion (Mn2+) recovery. We initially studied the performance of FeII(EDTA)–NO reduction with respect to the major influencing factors (i.e., the particle size of Mn powder, initial FeII(EDTA)–NO concentration, Mn powder concentration, stirring speed, and temperature). Shrinking core model and Arrhenius law were applied to illustrate the kinetics and mechanism between FeII(EDTA)–NO solution and Mn powder, suggesting that the solid–liquid reaction was fitted on chemical reaction control, and the activation energy was calculated as 43.0 kJ mol–1. The effects of main operating parameters, such as precipitant concentration, pH value, and temperature, were studied on Mn2+ recovery. Results indicated that the pseudo-second-order model could precisely describe the kinetics of Mn2+ recovery. Finally, according to Arrhenius and Eyring–Polanyi equations, the reaction activation energy, enthalpy of activation, and entropy of activation for Mn2+ recovery were calculated as 17.25 kJ mol–1, 14.55 kJ mol–1, and 252.07 J (k mol)−1, respectively.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
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2018
·Vol. 29
·期 13
·11178-11186
·
IF 2.324
Cheng Yali,He Yue,Li Shuo,Wang Yifang,Zhao Yan,Li Yu,Li Haiying,Liu Li
In the present work, the acetone gas sensing material based on pure α-Fe 2 O 3 nanotubes, pure and Cu-doped α-Fe 2 O 3 porous nanotubes were fabricated by electrospinning and annealing processes. Different Cu dopant concentrations are introduced to investigate the dopant’s role in sensing performance. The structures and chemical compositions of the as-prepared products were examined using a series of material characterization methods including XRD, EDS, SEM and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis. And the acetone sensing results demonstrate that the gas sensitivity of porous nanotubes is better than nanotubes. Moreover, compared with pure samples, the sensor based on 3.0 wt% Cu-doped α-Fe 2 O 3 porous nanotubes exhibits higher response (99.43/100 ppm) and excellent selectivity towards acetone at 164 °C. Meanwhile, the detection limit can extend down to ppb level (2.2/100 ppb). Additionally, the sensor also shows fast response and recovery time (5/18 s) and good repeatability to acetone. The enhancement of gas sensitivity is ascribed to not only the effective utility of hollow and porous structures, but also the high catalytic activity of the Cu additive.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
·
2018
·
IF 3.891
Yaran Yin,Chunying Zhu,Rongwei Guo,Taotao Fu,Youguang Ma
The dynamics of the gas-liquid two-phase flow are of great significance for the heat and mass transfer performance in a microreactor. In this paper, the flow pattern, void fraction and frictional pressure drop of gas-liquid two-phase flow of CO 2 and MEA/[Bmim][BF 4 ] aqueous solution accompanied by the chemical reaction in a 400 μm square microchannel were investigated experimentally by a high-speed camera and pressure sensor. Three kinds of flow regimes were observed: slug-bubbly flow, slug flow and slug-annular flow. The void fraction and frictional pressure drop in the slug flow regime were mainly investigated, and the applicability of models without consideration of the mass transfer proposed in the literature was assessed. Considering the effect of chemical absorption, two correlations were proposed with the Hatta number for predicting the two-phase void fraction and Chisholm parameter C , which showed good prediction performance.
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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
·
2018
·
IF 5.667
Tianjiao Qi,Xi Yang,Jie Sun
Based on the neck-controlled conduction model of chemiresistive gas sensors, construction of neck-controlled conduction networks in metal oxide films is an efficient method to improve their sensitivity. In this work, we develop a facile route to prepare the neck-connected ZnO (NC-ZnO) films with controllable diameters of the necked part by the sintering of core-shell zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8)@ZnO films. In order to certify the enhancement of sensitivity by construction of neck-controlled conduction networks, their gas sensing properties towards ethanol are systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that the sensitivity of the optimal NC-ZnO film is dramatically improved, and the response value is about 6-times higher than that of ZnO film, reaching up to 124 ( I g /I a ) towards 50 ppm of ethanol. The results meet our expectation and are in conformity with the neck-controlled conduction model, which further indicates the developed approach in this work is expected to open up a new strategy for the preparation of neck-connected metal oxide films.
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