ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2025
·
IF 8.2
Zhao-Yun Wang,Li-Xin Yu,Yu-Qing Feng,Lei Jin,Jia-Qiang Yang,Yi Zhao,Tao Song,DongPing Zhan,Daquan Yu,Fang-Zu Yang,Shi-Gang Sun
Leveler is the key additive for achieving microvia void-free filling in the high-density integration of electronic components for miniaturization, lightweighting, and intelligent development of electronic devices. Traditional organic levelers are mostly quaternary ammonium salts and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. In this study, thiosemicarbazide (TA) and 1-phenyl 2-thiourea (PTA), which are the thioamino compounds with different substituents of amino and phenyl, are used for the first time as levelers for microvia filling in an acidic copper sulfate bath of Cu electroplating (Cu-EP). The results demonstrate that only the PTA, when used as the leveler in combination with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the suppressor and bis(sodium sulfopropyl)-disulfide (SPS) as the accelerator, can achieve microvia void-free filling. Chronopotentiometric analyses reveal that both TA and PTA accelerate the reduction of cupric ions. The accelerator of SPS with TA synergistically enhances accelerating effect, while with PTA, it behaves with competitive adsorption to weaken this effect. The suppressor of PEG can cooperate with PTA to show a strong inhibiting effect on cupric ion reduction but presents competitive adsorption with TA, weakening the inhibiting effect of PEG. Under such complex interactions of these additives, it has been found that only the combination of PTA, SPS, and PEG exhibits convection-dependent adsorption behavior, which results in a more negative reduction potential of cupric ions at the mouth of the microvia than that at the bottom of the microvia, indicating a theoretical feasibility of achieving microvia void-free filling. Cyclic voltammetry experiments further demonstrate that the PTA can accelerate the reduction of cupric ions, but this acceleration effect is weakened by SPS due to competitive adsorption. PTA synergizes with PEG to greatly enhance the inhibiting effect on cupric ions reduction. According to electrochemical properties and interactions of the additives, the essence of the PTA-based acidic Cu sulfate bath for achieving microvia void-free filling is elucidated through electroplating simulations. When the three additives coexist, the adsorption coverage of PTA–PEG gradually decreases from the mouth to the bottom. As PTA–PEG exhibits a synergistic inhibition effect, such a gradient significantly inhibits Cu deposition at the mouth; simultaneously, the adsorption coverage of SPS, which behaves with an accelerating effect, gradually increases from the mouth to the bottom, facilitating the reduction of cupric ions at the bottom. The dual gradient effects enable the microvia void-free filling.
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Catalysis Science & Technology
·
2025
·
IF 4.2
Yu-Le Wang,Songhai Wu,Yu-Zhen Xu,Yu-Dong Shan,Yong Liu,Xu Han
The selective oxidation of cyclohexene (Cy) to cyclohexene oxide (Cy-ep) using O2 remains challenging due to low epoxidation selectivity. In this work, a series of Mo-doped TS-1 (Mo-TS-1) catalysts were successfully synthesized for the epoxidation of Cy under solvent- and initiator-free conditions with O2 as the oxidant. Among them, 5Mo-TS-1 exhibited high catalytic performance, achieving 43.5% Cy conversion and 50.6% selectivity toward Cy-ep. Additionally, valuable byproducts such as 2-cyclohexen-1-ol (Cy-ol) and 2-cyclohexen-1-one (Cy-one) were obtained with yields of 28.0% and 21.4%, respectively. Since both Cy-ol and Cy-one are valuable intermediates in fragrance synthesis, over 43.5% of Cy was effectively converted into high-value products. Quenching experiments and Raman spectroscopy revealed that surface oxygen vacancies (Ov) facilitate the activation of O2 to form ≡Ov‑superoxo species, which abstract hydrogen from the allylic C-H bond of Cy to generate 3-cyclohexenyl radicals (Cy•). These radicals subsequently react with O2 to form Cy-OO•, followed by hydrogen abstraction from another Cy molecule to yield 2-cyclohexene-1-hydroperoxide (Cy-OOH). A positive correlation between Cy-OOH and Cy-ep formation underscores the critical role of Cy-OOH in the epoxidation process. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of ≡Mo-(η2-O2) peroxo species on the catalyst surface, which preferentially attack the C=C bond of Cy to form Cy-ep. DFT calculations elucidated two distinct O2 activation pathways: In Pathway I, O2 is activated at Ov sites to form ≡Ov‑superoxo, which subsequently reacts with Cy to generate ≡Ov‑peroxo, Cy-OOH, and Cy•. In Pathway II, Mo(V/VI) sites either directly activate O2 or react with peroxo intermediates (≡Ov‑peroxo or Cy-OOH) to form ≡Mo-(η2-O2). This species selectively epoxidizes the alkene bond in Cy to Cy-ep. Notably, the direct activation of O2 at Mo(V/VI) sites bypasses the allylic oxidation route, thereby enhancing the epoxidation selectivity beyond the theoretical limit of 50.0%. This study provides new insight on the importance of surface superoxo and peroxo mediated by Ov and Mo(V/VI) in the epoxidation processes.
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Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins
·
2025
·
IF 4.4
Zhang Shuo,Gao Peichao,Wang Qunxin,Liu Shuhui,Okoth Sheila,Zhang Meihua,Ji Helong,Yan Liping,Fan Wentao,Song Suquan
Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) has become a common and serious disease in intensive laying hen farming, seriously endangering the productivity and health of laying hens. Although probiotics have been recognized as an emerging candidate therapeutic strategy for liver disease, their effective substances and mechanisms for alleviating FLHS remain to be elucidated. In this study, corticosterone (Cort) was applied to induce FLHS in laying hens, and Lactobacillus plantarum ( L. plantarum 1–2-3) was used for the intervention. The results showed that L. plantarum 1–2-3 treatment significantly ameliorated Cort-induced hepatic steatosis and liver damage in laying hens, as evidenced by decreased levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Importantly, we found that L. plantarum 1–2-3 could biosynthesize gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by expressing glutamic acid decarboxylase. Surprisingly, feeding GABA to laying hens replicated the effect of L. plantarum 1–2-3 in alleviating Cort-induced FLHS. GABA significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of Acc , Fasn , Cd36 , and Gpam while upregulating the levels of Ppara and Cpt1a . An in vitro verification study showed that GABA decreased TG and TC content in Leghorn male hepatoma cells. Moreover, GABA significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, inhibited oxidative stress in hepatocytes, regulated the AMPK/NLRP3 signaling pathway, and reduced the protein expression of NF-κB, TNFα, and IL-1β. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that L. plantarum 1–2-3 could effectively alleviate FLHS in laying hens, while GABA was an important postbiotic for L. plantarum 1–2-3 to exert lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects.
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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
·
2025
·
IF 2.1
Dan Li,Xiazhen Zhang,Xue Meng,Longxia Hao,Yixin Li,Guoqing Sui
The density and dynamic viscosity of the ternary system (dimethyl carbonate + methyl myristate + 1-hexanol) and the related binary mixtures (dimethyl carbonate + methyl myristate), (dimethyl carbonate + 1-hexanol), and (methyl myristate + 1-hexanol) were experimentally determined in the temperature range T = 293.15–323.15 K, which were applied to obtain the excess molar volume (VmE) and deviation in viscosity (Δη) of ternary and its related binary systems. Redlich–Kister, Cibulka, and Singh equations were used to estimate VmE and Δη of ternary mixtures. The VmE consistently exhibited positive values for all studied systems, while the Δη values were negative, which provided data support for the thermodynamic study and application of the biodiesel mixed fuel system.
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2025
·
IF 6.1
Chuhang Chi,Chaochao Gong,Yunbing Tang,He Zhu,Qian Zhang,Yang Zhu,Shaowei Wang,Ren-shan Ge,Xiaoheng Li
Isothiazolinone disinfectants constitute a class of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents due to the pandemic of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of six distinct isothiazolinone disinfectants on the activity of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (17β-HSD1) in humans and rats, as well as on BeWo cells. We identified IC 50 with 4,5-dichloro-2-octyl-1,2-thiazol-3-one exhibiting the most potent inhibition (8.09 μM for human 17β-HSD1) and 5-chloro-2-methyl-1,2-thiazol-3-one showing the weak inhibition (81.94 μM for human 17β-HSD1) and these chemicals can potently inhibit estradiol production at ≥ 1 μM. Additionally, 4,5-dichloro-2-octyl-1,2-thiazol-3-one and 2-octyl-1,2-thiazol-3-one inhibited rat 17β-HSD1 at IC 50 concentrations of 20.53 and 32.47 μM, respectively. Through mode action analyses, these compounds were found to exert mixed inhibition. Computational docking simulations revealed that isothiazolinone disinfectants interact with the NADPH binding domains of the two enzymes. Bivariate correlation analysis confirmed negative relationships between physicochemical properties such as LogP and heavy atoms, and half maximum inhibition concentrations of these chemicals. 3D-QSAR analysis revealed the presence of hydrophobic and hydrogen bond regions and both positively contribute to the binding. In conclusion, isothiazolinone disinfectants repress human and rat 17β-HSD1, depending on their hydrophobicity and hydrogen bonds.
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ChemistrySelect
·
2025
·Vol. 10
·期 21
·e06152
·
IF 2
Shuai Wang,BingXi Song,Ze Su,Yijie Cai,Long Liu,Chang Su,Yanqiang Zhang
Graphical A new ionic liquid plasticizer [NTAZ][NTf 2 ] was synthesized. Compared with the traditional plasticizer DOA, [NTAZ][NTf 2 ] can significantly improve the energy of the propellant formulation. Energetic plasticizer is an important means to improve the energy performance of solid propellants, but there is no suitable energetic plasticizer for HTPB/TDI system. In this work, a nitrate-functionalized ionic liquid plasticizer of 1-Methyl-4-(8-(Nitrooxy)octyl)-1,2,4-triazolium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide ([NTAZ][NTf 2 ]) was synthesized, and the energy was increased by the combination of nitrate functional group and 1,2,4-triazole cation. The hydrogen bond between the anion and the cation and HTPB achieves a good plasticizing effect. When 6% [NTAZ][NTf 2 ] was added to HTPB/TDI system, the glass transition temperature decreased from −63.41 °C to −64.84 °C, the tensile strength increased from 0.52 MPa to 0.79 MPa, and the storage modulus increased from 64.02 MPa to 110.32 MPa. When 4% DOA is replaced by the same amount of [NTAZ][NTf 2 ] in the HTPB formulation system, the specific impulse is increased from 261.0 s to 271.4 s. This study will guide the design and application of new energetic solid propellant plasticisers, both theoretically and experimentally.
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POLYMER
·
2025
·
IF 4.5
Junjie Liu,Jianmin Wu,Qiwen Sun,Jiancheng Wang,Yan Sun
The high viscosity index poly-alpha-olefin was prepared by 1-decene polymerization under [EBIZrCl 2 /Al( i Bu) 3 /[Ph 3 C] + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] - system (EBI = rac-C 2 H 4 (1-Ind) 2 ), and its mechanism was investigated by in situ UV–Vis, 1 H NMR and ESI-MS. The results show that the kinematic viscosity at 100 °C (KV 100 ), viscosity index (VI) and yield of product reach to 336.3 cSt, 268 and 90.76 % under optimum reaction condition, wherein Zr/1-decene content, Al/Zr content, B/Zr content, reaction temperature and time are 10 −4 , 200, 2, 90 °C and 120 min, respectively. Meanwhile, temperature plays a crucial role in controlling the KV 100 and VI of product, with impact index of 55.43 % and 44.32 %, respectively. In situ UV–Vis, 1 H NMR, and ESI-MS analyses confirm the simultaneous generation of active (EBIZr-σ-polydecenyl cations) and inactive species (EBIZr-η 3 -(1-propyl-C 7 H 8 ) + ). The active and inactive species are generated through posing complexation to the terminal allyl of 1-decene and H 2 loss of EBIZr(u- i Bu) + , respectively. The second inactivate species (EBIZr-η 3 -(x-propyl-(3-x)-polydecenyl-C 3 H 3 ) + (x = 1 or 2)) can be activated by seizing isobutyl group in Al( i Bu) 3 . Subsequently, the polymer with an Al-capped saturated chain end is formed through chain migration. The polymerization process follows the reaction pathway: [1-decene]+[catalyst]→[active species]+[inactive species]. This is supported by the fact that all fitting curve of conversion versus time, 1-decene consumption and polymer generation conform to the Boltzmann (R 2 = 0.999). Based on those findings, a possible mechanism in ansa-zirconocene catalyzed polymerization of 1-decene is proposed.
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 9.7
Xianqiang Yu,Linfeng Zhang,Ruikai Qi,Mingze Xia,Yuezhu Wang,Mengxiao Zhong,Wei Song,Xiaofeng Lu
Ruthenium dioxide (RuO 2 ) stands out as a versatile catalyst for acidic oxygen evolution reactions (OER), yet it falls short in alkaline conditions, and its hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity is generally lacking. This poses a significant challenge in engineering a robust bifunctional electrocatalyst capable of excelling in both alkaline HER and OER through manipulating the electronic structure of RuO 2 . Here, we have developed a nanofibrous rhenium (Re)-doped RuO 2 electrocatalyst via an electrospinning-calcination process, tailored for comprehensive water splitting applications. By finely tuning the Re doping content, the optimized Re-doped RuO 2 catalyst achieves overpotentials of merely 386 mV for OER and 157 mV for HER at a current density of 1 A cm −2 in 1 M KOH, significantly outperforming the conventional RuO 2 and Pt/C catalysts in their respective reactions. This bifunctional Re-doped RuO 2 catalyst showcases unparalleled efficiency in overall water splitting, demanding an impressively low power consumption of 6.36 kWh m −3 H 2 at the elevated current density of 1 A cm −2 , which substantially surpasses the performance of the benchmark Pt/C||RuO 2 system. Moreover, it maintains excellent stability under such demanding high current density conditions. Our research provides profound insights into the design of highly efficient RuO 2 -based catalysts, paving the way for their deployment in practical industrial water electrolysis technologies
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Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
·
2022
·
IF 7.31
Shiqi Gao,Liuzhi Zhou,Jianan Lu,Yuanjian Fang,Haijian Wu,Weilin Xu,Yuanbo Pan,Junjie Wang,Xiaoyu Wang,Jianmin Zhang,Anwen Shao
Background. Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of programmed cell death caused by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Our study was designed to determine the expression patterns and role of 15-lipoxygenase-1 (ALOX15) in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and to investigate whether cepharanthine (CEP) can inhibit ferroptosis by inhibiting ALOX15 in specific cell types. Methods. A mouse model of SAH was developed by the endovascular perforation method. bEend.3 endothelial cells and BV2 microglial cells as well as RSL3 and hemin were used to simulate SAH in vitro. Mice and cell lines were treated with CEP and a group of specific oxygenase inhibitors to explore the protection effect from ferroptosis. Lipid peroxidation staining with BODIPY 581/591 C11 and transmission electron microscopy were used to identify ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo. Results. In the present study, the accumulation of lipid peroxide, a defect in the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4)/glutathione (GSH) antioxidant system, highly expressed ALOX15 in microglia and endothelium, and ferroptotic changes in microglial mitochondria confirmed the occurrence of ferroptosis after SAH in vivo. Further, CEP was shown to inhibit ferroptosis and improve neurological function by downregulating the expression of ALOX15. During in vitro experiments, we investigated the important role ALOX15 in RSL3-induced endothelial ferroptosis. In addition, we found that M2-type microglia are more sensitive to RSL3-induced ferroptosis than M1-type microglia and that hemin probably induced ferroptosis in M2-type microglia by increasing ALOX15 levels and decreasing GPx4 levels. The effect of CEP treatment was also demonstrated in vitro. Conclusions. In summary, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that ferroptosis occurred in the microglia and endothelium after SAH, and this process was facilitated by increased ALOX15 levels. More importantly, treatment with CEP could inhibit ferroptosis through downregulating the expression of ALOX15.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry B
·
2022
·Vol. 10
·期 41
·8535-8548
·
IF 7.571
Jiaxin Wu,Shaokang Jiang,Wenjia Xie,Yiyuan Xue,Mingxin Qiao,Xiangjun Yang,Xin Zhang,Qianbing Wan,Jian Wang,Junyu Chen,Xibo Pei
Biocompatibility and osteointegration of implants are highly desired in orthopedic and dentistry applications. The synthesis of a coating with ideal biocompatibility and osteogenic effect carries practical significance for improving the bio-inertness of pure Ti implants. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are effective surface modification agents in bone regeneration applications. Bio-MOF-1, a classic type of biofriendly MOF with a bio-derived constitution, possesses biocompatibility and osteogenic potential resulting from its Zn core and adenine ligand. In this study, bio-MOF-1 coatings at multiple concentrations were synthesized on alkali-heat treated Ti, and their cytocompatibility and osteogenic properties were systematically examined both in vitro and in vivo. Coatings were characterized to confirm the successful synthesis of bio-MOF-1 coatings. These coatings exhibited advanced thermostability, excellent biocompatibility, and stable Zn2+ release, which up-regulated the expression of osteogenesis-related genes and proteins. Furthermore, bio-MOF-1 coating of Ti implants enhanced early osseointegration at the bone–implant interface. This study demonstrates the promising potential of bio-MOF-1 coatings with the osteogenic effect for surface modification in bone tissue engineering.
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Polymers
·
2022
·Vol. 14
·期 14
·2872
·
IF 4.967
Zhengshi Li,Huimin Lin,Shanwei Shi,Kai Su,Guangsen Zheng,Siyong Gao,Xuan Zeng,Honglong Ning,Meng Yu,Xiang Li,Guiqing Liao
Bone healing is a complex process that requires the participation of cells and bioactive factors. Stromal derived factor-1 α (SDF-1α) and magnesium ions (Mg2+) both are significant bioactive factors for cell recruitment and osteogenesis during bone regeneration. Thus, a bifunctional hydrogel containing a sequential delivery system is fabricated to improve osteogenesis. During sequential delivery of the hydrogel, SDF-1α is predominantly released at the early stage of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) recruitment, while Mg2+are constantly delivered at a later stage to improve osteogenic differentiation of recruited cells. In addition, due to the early release of SDF-1α, the hydrogel showed strong BMSCs recruitment and proliferation activity. Mg2+can not only induce up-regulation of osteogenic gene expression in vitro, but also promote bone tissue and angiogenesis in vivo. Taken together, the injection of xanthan gum-polydopamine crosslinked hydrogel co-loading SDF-1α and Mg2+(XPMS hydrogel) provides a novel strategy to repair bone defects.Keywords:hydrogel;BMSCs recruitment;sequential drug release;osteogenic differentiation;bone regeneration
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Journal of Energy Chemistry
·
2025
·
IF 14.9
Jingchi Zhang,Ze Hua,Ziqi Wu,Xinting Cao,Wen Yang,Ruiwen Shao,Yu Bai,Zhenhua Wang,Kening Sun
To satisfy the demands of modern society for high-energy–density sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs), Ni-rich cathode materials have gained much attention for their high capacity and energy density. However, their practical deployment is hindered by accelerated interface degradation and capacity decay originating from surface oxygen release and lattice oxygen activation during prolonged cycling. In this study, Ti x NbB (1− x ) C 2 was successfully coated on the surface of LiNi 0.94 Co 0.05 Mn 0.01 O 2 . Density functional theory (DFT) calculations first elucidate a “point-to-point” anchoring mechanism where each surface oxygen atom coordinates with single species (Ti/Nb/B) offered by Ti x NbB (1− x ) C 2 , which forms robust O–M bonds and sustain a stable interface structure. The electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) reveals the segregation of Ti/Nb toward subsurface layers during cycling, creating an optimized lattice oxygen coordination environment and suppressing oxygen activation. The dual oxygen stabilization mechanism dramatically improves the reversibility of phase transition and the structural stability of the Ni-rich cathode materials. Moreover, Ti x NbB (1− x ) C 2 as the protective layer decreases mechanical strain and suppresses the parasitic reactions. Consequently, the engineered cathode delivers 91% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 0.3 C, suggesting excellent cycling stability. The research delivers a new design philosophy for the coating layer that can stabilize surface oxygen. Furthermore, the atomistic understanding of the structure–property relationship of the Ni-rich cathode materials provides valuable guidance for the future design of new cathode materials with superior structural stability in ASSLBs.
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