MICROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2018
·Vol. 185
·期 4
·1-9
·
IF 5.705
Xue Qin,Cao Xuanyu,Zhang Cuiling,Xian Yuezhong
The authors describe an environmentally friendly and fast (~14 min) method for the synthesis of homogeneously distributed fluorescent polydopamine nanodots (PDA-NDs) using KMnO 4 as the oxidant. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalyzes the hydrolysis of ascorbic acid 2-phosphate to release free ascorbic acid which undergoes an in-situ redox reaction with KMnO 4 . Depending on the activity of ALP, more or less KMnO 4 is consumed, and this affects the formation of the PDA-NDs. Based on this finding, a sensitive method was worked out to quantify the activity of ALP via real-time formation of fluorescent PDA-NDs. The fluorometric signal (best measured at excitation/emission peaks of 390/500 nm) is linear in the 1 to 50 mU·mL −1 ALP activity range, and the limit of the detection is as low as 0.94 mU·mL −1 (based on 3 σ/m). The method was successfully applied to the determination of ALP activity in spiked human serum and in MCF-7 cell lysates. It was also applied in a method to screen for inhibitors of ALP.
Schematic of a fluorometric method for the determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The method is based on the in-situ regulation of the formation of fluorescent polydopamine nanodots (PDA-NDs) through the competition between the KMnO 4 -induced polymerization of dopamine and ALP-directed ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (Asc-2P) hydrolysis. AA: Ascorbic acid.
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Biology-Basel
·
2022
·Vol. 11
·期 4
·503
·
IF 5.168
Jingyun Ding,Huiyan Wang,Zequn Li,Jiangnan Sun,Peng Ding,Xiaomei Chi,Mingfang Yang,Yaqing Chang,Chong Zhao
Simple SummarySea urchins are key in the trophic cascades of benthic communities. They also possess physiological characteristics of low digestibility. Thus, we explored the relationship between the indicators (digestive enzymes activities and the gut emptying) and molecules (TRPA1 and 5-HT) related to digestive physiology in the sea urchinStrongylocentrotus intermedius. The results in the present study indicate that digestive enzyme activities and gut emptying are correlated with the TRPA1 and 5-HT in the gut ofS. intermedius.This novel finding not only is important for understanding the low food digestibility of sea urchins but provides an entry point to further investigate the molecular details of digestive physiology of sea urchins.AbstractThe energetic link in the benthic community is based on physiological characteristics of the low food absorption efficiency of sea urchins. Low food absorption efficiency of sea urchins is correlated with the activity of digestive enzymes and the duration of food in their gut. Thus, the digestive enzymes activities (pepsin and amylase enzyme activities) and gut emptying are important indicators in assessing nutrient digestion and absorption in sea urchins. In the present study, the relationship between these indicators and molecules related to digestive physiology were quantified in sea urchins. We found (1) an inter-regulatory relationship existed between Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1 (TRPA1), and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) in the gut ofStrongylocentrotus intermedius; (2) digestive enzyme activities were negatively correlated with the TRPA1 and concentration of 5-HT in the gut ofS. intermedius; (3) gut emptying rate was positively correlated with TRPA1 and concentration of 5-HT in the gut ofS. intermedius. The present study revealed that the digestion and absorption of food are correlated with the TRPA1 and 5-HT in the gut ofS. intermedius, which provides valuable information about the digestive physiology of sea urchins. This novel finding is relevant to understanding the low food digestibility of sea urchins. It also provides valuable information to the digestive physiology of sea urchins, which are key to maintaining the stability of food webs in the marine ecosystem.Keywords:sea urchin;TRPA1;5-HT;digestive enzyme;gut emptying
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2024
·
IF 0
Zhang Zekun,Zhao Le,Yang Jie,Pang Jiayin,Lambers Hans,He Honghua
Antibiotic contamination in soil has become a major concern worldwide. At present, it is not clear how two co-existed antibiotics with environmentally relevant concentrations would affect soil bacterial community structure, the abundances of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and functional genes, and whether the effects of antibiotics would differ between rhizosphere and bulk soil. We conducted a greenhouse pot experiment to grow maize in a loess soil treated with oxytetracycline (OTC) or sulfadiazine (SDZ) or both at an environmentally relevant concentration (1 mg kg −1 ) to investigate the effects of OTC and SDZ on the rhizosphere and bulk soil bacterial communities, abundances of ARGs and carbon (C)-, nitrogen (N)-, and phosphorus (P)-cycling functional genes, and on plant growth and plant N and P nutrition. The results show that the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of OTC and SDZ on bacterial communities and abundances of ARGs and functional genes differ between maize rhizosphere and bulk soil. The effects of two antibiotics resulted in a higher absolute abundances of accA , tet(34) , tnpA-04 , and sul2 in the rhizosphere soil than in the bulk soil and different bacterial community compositions and biomarkers in the rhizosphere soil and the bulk soil. However, OTC had a stronger inhibitory effect on the abundances of a few functional genes in the bulk soil than SDZ did, and their combination had no synergistic effect on plant growth, ARGs, and functional genes. The role of co-existed OTC and SDZ decreased shoot height and increased root N concentration. The results demonstrate that environmentally relevant concentrations of antibiotics shift soil microbial community structure, increase the abundances of ARGs, and reduce the abundances of functional genes. Furthermore, soil contamination with antibiotics can diminish agricultural production via phytotoxic effects on crops, and combined effects of antibiotics on plant growth and nutrient uptake should be considered.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Lu Li,Zeting Huang,Jiahui Liang,Yuanxiang Jin,Weihua Peng
pH-responsive STB Microgels enable targeted oral delivery of B. coccoides. • Co-encapsulating L-theanine and Blautia synergistically mitigates obesity and steatosis. • STB Microgels remodel gut microbiota and significantly boost SCFAs production. • STB Microgels promotes WAT browning, potentially via the Gut-SCFAs-Adipose axis. With the sharp increase in the global prevalence of obesity and its complications, traditional treatments face significant challenges. Recently, the strategy of co-delivering probiotics and active substances for weight loss has garnered widespread attention. We designed and fabricated calcium alginate-based SA@The/Bla Microgels (STB Microgels) for the co-encapsulation of the next-generation probiotic Blautia coccoides ( B. coccoides ) and the natural compound L-theanine to ameliorate obesity and metabolic syndrome. The optimized microgels had a particle size of 253 μm and a B. coccoides encapsulation efficiency of 83.41% ± 3.37%. They formed a pH-responsive physical matrix that resisted gastric acid degradation through protonation-induced densification and enabled targeted intestinal release via ion-exchange mechanisms. In vivo imaging confirmed that encapsulation significantly prolonged the gastrointestinal retention and persistence of B. coccoides . In a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model, STB Microgels effectively alleviated weight gain, dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis. Mechanistically, the treatment remodeled the gut microbiota by enriching beneficial bacteria such as B. coccoides and increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These increased SCFAs were consistent with the upregulation of thermogenic genes (e.g., Ucp1 , Prdm16 ) in adipose tissues, indicative of white adipose tissue browning and brown adipose tissue activation. Consequently, this co-encapsulation strategy is associated with the amelioration of metabolic disorders, potentially via the “Gut-SCFAs-Adipose Axis” offering an engineered bio-delivery strategy for oral probiotics. Download: Download high-res image (378KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Animals
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 6
·865
·
IF 2.7
Chengcheng Wu,Lihan Tao,Quanyong Zhou,Fanfan Zhang,Yanbing Zeng
Simple SummaryThe helicase NSP13, encoded by porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), regulates viral replication and is considered to bean ideal target for antiviral drugs. In our work, the wild-type NSP13WTand various deletion mutants were generated through expression and purification, and we tested the activities of these proteins using multiple methods. The results revealed that both the Stalk and 1B domains were necessary for NSP13WTto separate the double-stranded nucleic acids, and the deletion of the ZBD impaired this unwinding activity. Our study is the first to explore the role of each domain in the activities of PDCoV NSP13, providing mechanistic insights into helicase-regulated viral replication and laying the foundation for the development of antiviral drugs.The nonstructural protein 13 (NSP13) of PDCoV is a highly conservative helicase and plays key roles in viral replication. NSP13 contains a zinc-binding domain (ZBD), a helical Stalk domain, a beta-barrel 1B domain, and a core helicase domain. However, the specific functions of these domains of PDCoV NSP13 remain largely unknown. Here, we expressed and purified the wild-type NSP13WTand various mutants with domain deletions, and the activities of these proteins were analyzed using multiple methods. We found that NSP13ΔZBDpossessed the abilities to hydrolyze ATP and unwind double-stranded nucleic acids, but the unwinding efficiency was lower than that of NSP13WT. In contrast, NSP13ΔZBD-Stalk, NSP13Δ1B, and NSP13ΔZBD-Stalk-1Ball lost their unwinding activity, but not their ATPase activity. These results revealed that the deletion of the ZBD impaired the unwinding activity of PDCoV helicase NSP13, and the Stalk and 1B domains were critical for NSP13 to separate the duplexes. The identification of the roles of each domain in this study was helpful to gain an in-depth understanding of the overall functions of helicase NSP13, providing a theoretical basis for the development of antiviral drugs targeting helicase.
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DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION
·
2016
·Vol. 44
·期 3
·337-342
·
IF 3.21
Hang Zeng,Dongshun Li,Xiaoling Qin,Pan Chen,Huasen Tan,Xuezhen Zeng,Xi Li,Xiaomei Fan,Yiming Jiang,Yawen Zhou,Yixin Chen,Ying Wang,Min Huang,Huichang Bi
We previously reported that the ethanol extract of Schisandra sphenanthera [Wuzhi (WZ) tablet] significantly protects against acetaminophen-induced hepatoxicity. However, whether WZ exerts a protective effect against cholestasis remains unclear. In this study, the protective effect of WZ on lithocholic acid (LCA)–induced intrahepatic cholestasis in mice was characterized and the involved mechanisms were investigated. WZ pretreatment (350 mg/kg) with LCA significantly reversed liver necrosis and decreased serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activity. More importantly, serum total bile acids and total bilirubin were also remarkably reduced. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis showed that hepatic expression of pregnane X receptor (PXR) target genes such as CYP3A11 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 were significantly increased by WZ treatment. Luciferase assays performed in LS174T cells illustrated that WZ extract and its six bioactive lignans could all activate human PXR. In addition, WZ treatment significantly promoted liver regeneration via inhibition of p53/p21 to induce cell proliferation–associated proteins such as cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In conclusion, WZ has a protective effect against LCA-induced intrahepatic cholestasis, partially owing to activation of the PXR pathway and promotion of liver regeneration.
研究领域:
药理学
·
肝病学
·
分子生物学
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PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
·
2024
·Vol. 47
·期 3
·913-927
·
IF 6
Guanhua Liu,Qian Wang,Hui Chen,Yuxi Wang,Xiaogui Zhou,Demeng Bao,Nuo Wang,Juan Sun,Fuyin Huang,Mei Yang,Han Zhang,Peng Yan,Xin Li,Jiang Shi,Jianyu Fu
Insect-induced plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may function as either direct defence molecules to deter insects or indirect defence signals to attract the natural enemies of the invading insects. Tea ( Camellia sinensis L.), an important leaf-based beverage crop, is mainly infested by Ectropis obliqua which causes the most serious damage. Here, we report a mechanistic investigation of tea plant-derived VOCs in an indirect defence mechanism against E. obliqua . Parasitoid wasp Parapanteles hyposidrae , a natural enemy of E. obliqua , showed strong electrophysiological response and selection behaviour towards S -linalool and β-ocimene, two monoterpenes with elevated emission from E. obliqua -damaged tea plants. Larvae frass of E. obliqua , which also released S -linalool and β-ocimene, was found to attract both mated female or male Pa. hyposidrae according to gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection and Y-tube olfactometer assays. In a field setting, both S -linalool and β-ocimene were effective in recruiting both female and male Pa. hyposidrae wasps. To understand the molecular mechanism of monoterpenes-mediated indirect defence in tea plants, two novel monoterpene synthase genes, CsLIS and CsOCS-SCZ , involved in the biosynthesis of S -linalool or β-ocimene, respectively, were identified and biochemically characterised. When the expression of these two genes in tea plants was inhibited by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, both volatile emission and attraction of wasps were reduced. Furthermore, gene expression analysis suggested that the expression of CsLIS and CsOCS-SCZ is regulated by the jasmonic acid signalling pathway in the tea plant.
研究领域:
植物学
·
昆虫学
·
分子生物学
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MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS
·
2024
·
IF 3
Beibei Wang,Xin Fan,Lingang Wang,Xiaosong Wei
Sorbin and SH3 domain-containing 2 (SORBS2) is an RNA-binding protein and has been implicated in the development of some cancers. However, its role in bladder cancer (BC) is yet to be established. The expression of SORBS2 in BC tissues was determined from the Gene Expression Omnibus and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis databases and collected paired tumor/normal samples. The effects of SORBS2 on BC cells were detected by CCK-8, colony formation, Transwell, dual-luciferase, RNA immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and DNA pull-down assays. In vivo, BC cell growth and metastasis were studied by a xenograft subcutaneous model and a tail-vein metastasis model. The results showed that SORBS2 expression was significantly decreased in BC tissues and cells. SORBS2 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in vitro and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo, while silencing SORBS2 produced the opposite effect. Mechanistically, we found that SORBS2 enhanced the stability of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) mRNA via direct binding to its 3′ UTR. Restoration of TFPI expression reversed SORBS2 knockdown-induced malignant phenotypes of BC cells. In addition, SORBS2 expression was negatively regulated by the transcription factor specificity protein 1 (SP1). Conversely, SORBS2 can be transcriptionally regulated by SP1 and inhibit BC cell growth and metastasis via stabilization of TFPI mRNA, indicating SORBS2 may be a promising therapeutic target for BC.
研究领域:
肿瘤学
·
分子生物学
·
癌症研究
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2023
·
IF 6.1
Muhammad Noman,Azizullah,Temoor Ahmed,Yizhou Gao,Hui Wang,Xiaohui Xiong,Jiajing Wang,Jiajun Lou,Dayong Li,Fengming Song
The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) regulates protein quality or control and plays essential roles in several biological and biochemical processes in fungi. Here, we present the characterization of two UPS components, FonDoa1 and FonDoa4, in watermelon Fusarium wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon), and their biological functions. FonDoa1 localizes in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, while FonDoa4 is predominantly present in the cytoplasm. Both genes show higher expression in germinating macroconidia at 12 h. Deletion of FonDoa1 or FonDoa4 affects vegetative growth, conidiation, conidial germination/morphology, apoptosis, and responses to environmental stressors. FonDoa1, but not FonDoa4, positively regulates autophagy. The targeted disruption mutants exhibit significantly attenuated pathogenicity on watermelon due to defects in the infection process and invasive fungal growth. Further results indicate that the WD40, PFU, and PUL domains are essential for the function of FonDoa1 in Fon pathogenicity and environmental stress responses. These findings demonstrate the previously uncharacterized biological functions of FonDoa1 and FonDoa4 in phytopathogenic fungi, providing potential targets for developing strategies to control watermelon Fusarium wilt.
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高影响因子
AQUACULTURE
·
2022
·
IF 5.135
Lukuan Li,Yu Wang,Zhen Zhang,Chunfang Wang
The novel proteins, i.e., Clostridium autoethanogenum (CAP), Tenebrio molitor (TM), Chlorella vulgaris (ChM), and cottonseed protein concentrate (CSM), are promising food for the future aquaculture due to the limited fishmeal (FM) resources. However, in-depth investigations on the intestinal barriers of fish when fed novel proteins are sparse, and the association between intestinal flora and physiological biomarkers is still unknown. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets comprising various proteins were developed, with fishmeal serving as the control and novel proteins as the experimental diets. Largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) with an initial body weight of 211.9 ± 1.2 g were used as experimental model and fed with these five diets for eight weeks. The findings from the current study indicated that the intestinal histological structure as well as immunochemistry barrier performance of the ChM, CAP, and TM groups were superior to those of the CSM and FM groups, despite the fact that the villi height of FM was the greatest of all groups. Similarly, the intestinal inflammatory response and the permeability were elevated in CSM while decreased in ChM, CAP, and TM group. Concerning the intestinal short fatty acids (SCFAs), the levels in the CAP as well as ChM group were greater than the other proteins. From the data analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the abundance of opportunistic pathogens including (Ralstonia , Acinetobacter , Aeromonas , and Protebacteria) were higher in CSM group while attenuated in ChM, CAP and TM group. In addition, the abundance of nine types of intestinal-barriers-repairing probiotics were elevated in all novel proteins compared with the fishmeal group. These altered microbiota were highly correlated with intestinal inflammatory response, antioxidant status, immunochemistry barrier, physical barrier and SCFAs indexes by Mantel test and Pearson's correlation analysis. Collectively, the ranking of the beneficial functions among these five proteins was ChM > CAP>TM > FM > CSM according to Z -score and this study provides in-depth data manifesting the effects of novel proteins on the gut health status of large-size largemouth bass.
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危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）