Defence Technology
·
2025
·
IF 5.9
Hao Wang,Chenming Li,Enjie Zhang,Yapeng Ou,Xiaoxia Ma
Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) is a high-energy explosive widely used in composite explosives and propellants, but its application is severely limited by thermally induced ε-to-γ polymorphic transition and high solubility in nitrate ester solvents. The transition reduces energy density and increasing sensitivity, and the solubility causes dissolution-recrystallization defects (e.g., voids, compositional inhomogeneities) during long-term storage. To address these issues while preserving its high energetic performance, this study developed a polydopamine@polyvinylidene fluoride (PDA@PVDF) dual-coating strategy, fabricating CL-20 composite particles with a core-shell structure. In-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed that the ε-to-γ phase transition temperature of CL-20 increased from 110 °C (pristine CL-20) to 140 °C. Meanwhile, the CL-20@PDA@9%PVDF sample exhibited the lowest solubility and the best solvent resistance, and the solubility of CL-20 in nitrate ester solvents was drastically reduced from 0.229 g/100 g to 0.026 g/100 g, an 88.6% decrease, effectively enhancing its structural and solvent resistance stability. For energetic performance, when mixed with aluminum powder at a 7:3 mass ratio, the CL-20@PDA@9%PVDF/Al composite achieved a combustion heat of 8275 J/g, 8.7% higher than that of the unmodified Al/CL-20 system (7611 J/g). Combustion pressure tests showed that although the modified system exhibited slightly lower initial peak pressure and pressure rise rate due to dilute CL-20 content from inert coatings, it presented a unique "delayed enhancement" effect, with pressure gradually surpassing and ultimately exceeding that of the unmodified system in the middle and late combustion stages, enabling more sustained high-pressure output. This work realizes the synergistic optimization of CL-20’s polymorphic/solvent stability and energetic performance, providing a feasible and scalable approach for the practical application of CL-20 in advanced energetic systems.
研究领域:
含能材料
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材料科学
·
应用化学
·
热稳定性工程
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ACS Nano
·
2025
·
IF 16
Chenyu Ma,Xinru We,Wenting Feng,Guanzhong Ma,Jianhang Yang,Shuhao Fan,Yiming Sun,Han Wang,Zihui Liu,Junwei Han,Wei Lv,Debin Kong,Linjie Zhi
Rechargeable metal–chlorine (Li/Na–Cl2) batteries potentially have a high energy density, but the significant amount of electrolyte consumed to produce active metal chlorides for reversible chlorine conversion severely limits their real electrochemical performance. Herein, we use a cathode with precast metal chloride in the graphene layers as the initial active material to save the sacrificial electrolyte and deliver a fundamentally different start-up operation mode for metal–chlorine batteries. Furthermore, the metal chloride confined by the graphene layers achieves in situ confining conversion with gaseous chlorine during long cycling, causing substantially improved cathode kinetics in a lean electrolyte. With this cathode, both Li/Na–Cl2 batteries demonstrate higher capacity and prolonged cycling performance. Typically, the obtained Na–Cl2 batteries could deliver a high areal capacity (3 mAh cm–2) and stable life over 300 cycles under lean electrolyte conditions (20–60 μL). This work demonstrates the practical significance of utilizing a graphene interlayer to confine metal chloride as an initial active material for rechargeable alkali-metal-Cl2 batteries.
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DALTON TRANSACTIONS
·
2024
·Vol. 53
·期 4
·1849-1861
·
IF 3.5
Haodi Dong,Changcheng Liu,Que Huang,Yanjun Chen
Nowadays, the poor conductivity and unstable structure have become obstacles for the popularization of Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP). In the current work, a dual-modified Mn0.1Cl0.3-NVP composite doped with Mn and Cl is prepared by a facile sol–gel method. When Mn2+ with a large ionic radius replaces small V3+, it can improve the stability of the NVP crystal structure. In addition, the replacement of V3+ by Mn2+ in a low valence state can generate redundant hole carriers, which is conducive to the rapid transport of electrons. The substitution of PO43− by Cl−, which is more electronegative, can reduce the impedance and facilitate the movement of Na+. Owing to the synergistic effect of Mn and Cl co-substitution, the structural stability of NVP was systematically enhanced, and the electron transfer and ion diffusion were effectively improved. Consequently, the optimized Mn0.1Cl0.3-NVP sample demonstrated superior electrochemical performance and kinetic properties. It exhibited a high reversible capacity of 109.2 mA h g−1 at 0.1C. Even at 15 and 30C, high discharge capacities of 70.3 mA h g−1 and 68.2 mA h g−1 were observed after 2000 cycles with capacity retention above 80%. Moreover, it delivered remarkable capacities of 77.1 and 73.4 mA h g−1 at 100 and 200C with retained capacity values of 50.3 and 47 mA h g−1, respectively, after 2000 cycles. Furthermore, the assembled Mn0.1Cl0.3-NVP//HC full cell delivered a high value of 94.7 mA h g−1 and lit LED bulbs, indicating its excellent application potential.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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能源存储
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无机化学
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固态化学
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DOI
高影响因子
LUMINESCENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 37
·期 11
·1873-1880
·
IF 2.613
Ping Yang,Wei Sun,Zikuan Zhang,Honglong Xing
As a type of nonmetals fluorescent reagent, the described chlorine phenol–formaldehyde resin (Cl–PFR) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a facile method. The as-synthesized Cl–PFR NPs can emit strong green fluorescence emission under 365 nm ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. As mesoporous silica (MSN) NPs have a large specific area, strong adsorption, and uniform dispersion, MSN-coated Cl–PFR composites were prepared by mixing Cl–PFR and MSN NPs together. The as-synthesized multifunctional composites combining the advantages of the green fluorescence of Cl–PFR, and the strong adhesion of MSN was applied to detect potential fingerprints. Different base fingerprints (glass, paper, aluminium sheets, rough stones, tape) could be clearly observed in the presence of the Cl–PFR@MSN–NH 2 composites. Furthermore, fingerprints that had been aged for 3 months and washed with water several times could also be clearly displayed using the multifunctional composites. This study provided a simple, economical, and nontoxic fluorescent reagent for application in fingerprint detection.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
法医学
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DOI
高影响因子
Surfaces and Interfaces
·
2026
·
IF 6
Keer Tan,Jinping Zhao,Linfa Bao,Linjun Shao,Hanyun Liu,Yishuo Dong,Peng Yang
Catalytic combustion is a widely used technology for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) abatement, in which highly active catalysts play a key role. However, catalyst is prone to poisoning during the degradation of VOCs. In order to study anti-poisoning performance, the Cl, S and P heteroatoms were artificially introduced, and the corresponding doped CuO-ZrO 2 catalysts were prepared via a salicylic acid-assisted sol-gel method. The effects of heteroatom doping on the structure, acidity, redox properties and catalytic performance were systematically studied. The results showed that Cl, S and P doping effectively tuned the catalyst structure, active species dispersion and surface Lewis/Brønsted acid sites, which exerted a meaningful influence on catalytic performance of catalysts in the degradation of VOCs pollutants. In addition, compared with the undoped CuZrO, Cl-CuZrO exhibited the highest catalytic performance for degradation of toluene, chlorobenzene and p-chlorotoluene, indicating that the CuO-ZrO 2 catalyst system possessed excellent chlorine resistance. Meanwhile, S-CuZrO showed comparable performance to CuZrO, which demonstrated that the CuO-ZrO 2 catalysts had a certain degree of sulfur resistance. Through the design and optimization of heteroatom doping, this work provided valuable insights for enhancing the catalytic efficiency and structure stability of CuO-ZrO 2 based catalysts.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2022
·
IF 10.383
Wenwen Liu,Teng Zhang,Baohua Zhao,Chengben Liu,Youru Bai,Zhi Li,Shihui Zhu,Tailin Wang,Xinyu Sun,Heyuan Liu,Zhaobin Liu,Yanli Chen,Xiyou Li
The nonradiative carrier recombination at the perovskite/carrier selective layer (CSL) interface was accounted for the inferior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), especially rigid all-inorganic perovskite (CsPbI3 and CsPbBr3). In this study, targeting the poor interface, we introduce SbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) surface passivation at the CsPbBr3/carbon interface. Smoothed compressive strain, reduced defect density, and enhanced energy-level alignment were achieved simultaneously, facilitating carrier extraction at the selective interface. With the simple aqueous solution-based two-step process, the PCE of our SbI3 passivated carbon-based CsPbBr3 PSCs has increased from 7.81% (without passivation) to 9.69%, a ∼25% enhancement. Specifically, Voc (1.657 V) of the SbI3-passivated cells was much higher than that of the control ones (1.488 V), confirming the ameliorated interface. Finally, our unencapsulated SbI3 passivated devices maintain 90% of their initial PCEs while left in the air for 30 days with a relative humidity of 60%. To conclude, we present an interfacial carrier extraction-enhanced strategy for preparing high-performance and stable CsPbBr3-based PSCs.
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高影响因子
NANOTECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·Vol. 33
·期 17
·175603
·
IF 3.953
Chen Chen,Lei Nie,Yizhe Huang,Shuang Xi,Xingyue Liu,Xiwen Zhang,Tielin Shi,Guanglan Liao,Shiyuan Liu,Zirong Tang
Herein, we develop a novel strategy for preparing all-inorganic cesium lead halide (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs)@Zn-based metal-organic framework (MOF) composites through interfacial synthesis. The successful embedding of fluorescent perovskite NCs in Zn-MOFs is due to the in situ confined growth, which is attributed to the re-nucleation of water-triggered phase transformation from Cs4PbBr6 to CsPbBr3. The controllable synthesis of mixed-halide based composites with various emission wavelength can be achieved by adding the desired amount of halide (Cl or I) salts in the re-nucleation process. More importantly, the anion exchange reaction is inhibited among various composites with different halogen atoms by being trapped in MOFs. Besides, a white light-emitting diode (WLED) is produced using a blue LED chip with the green-emitting and red-emitting composites, which has a color coordinate of (0.3291, 0.3272) and a wide color gamut. This work provides a novel route to achieving perovskite NCs growth in MOFs, which also can be extended to the other NCs embedded in frames as well.
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Journal of Water Process Engineering
·
2023
·
IF 7
Xinrui Liu,Rui Guo,Xia Qin,Cuicui Xu
In this work, a Ni foam/CNTs/Cu composite electrode was prepared via the impregnation and electrodeposition methods. The electrode enhanced the total nitrogen removal and N 2 selectivity , when served as a cathode for NO 3 − -N reduction. SEM, EDS, XRD, and XPS characterization revealed that both CNTs and metallic copper were introduced onto the surface of the Ni foam substrate successfully. Besides, the LSV, CV, EIS and C dl results indicated more electrochemical active sites were in the Ni foam/CNTs/Cu electrodes than in Ni foam/Cu electrodes. Under optimal preparation conditions, the Ni foam/CNTs/Cu electrode showed N 2 selectivity of 68.89 % and nitrate removal rate of 96.75 % in 100 mg/L nitrate solution with Na 2 SO 4 as electrolyte. The selectivity of N 2 could be significantly enhanced by adding Cl − as electrolyte, and the nitrogen selectivity increased with the increase of Cl − concentration. At 1.25 g/L NaCl, the Ni foam/CNTs/Cu electrode could achieve >95 % nitrate and total nitrogen removal and close to 100 % N 2 selectivity. The N 2 selectivity of the Ni foam/CNTs/Cu electrode was 2.534 and 1.8 times of the Ni foam/Cu electrode when 0.5 g/L Na 2 SO 4 and 0.5 g/L NaCl were used as electrolytes, respectively. Consequently, to achieve the same nitrate reduction effect, the Ni foam/CNTs/Cu electrode could reduce the amount of NaCl compared with Ni foam/Cu electrode. The electrodes were tested in 6 cycles and proved to be stable. At last, a potential mechanism of nitrate‑nitrogen removal by the electrocatalytic process was suggested.
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高影响因子
Materials Today Chemistry
·
2021
·
IF 8.301
C. Chen,H. Li,J. Yi,Z. Qin,C. Wang,Z. Sun,Y. Xu,S. Xu,F. Zhao
The study of multiple complex catalytic mechanisms is currently one of the great scientific issues for the application of high-energy solid propellants . Two novel heterobimetallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), Ba 4 Pb 4 (CH 3 CO 2 ) 8 [(CH 6 CO 2 ) 4 Pb](CH 3 CO 2 ) 4 (PbBa-MOF) and Ba 2 Ni(CO 2 H) 6 (OH 2 ) 4 (NiBa-MOF), were prepared via the solvothermal method, and their structures and composition were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques and N 2 adsorption/desorption experiment. The thermal decomposition characteristics of the two MOFs and their catalytic performances on the hexanitro hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) thermolysis were also studied by differential scanning calorimetr (DSC) and thermogravimetric-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-mass spectrum (TG-FTIR-MS) methods. The results showed that the NiBa-MOF presented a lower initial decomposition temperature than the PbBa-MOF, and the difference of the MOFs structures affected the starting point of thermal decomposition. Compared with the pure CL-20, the thermolysis peak temperature and apparent activation energy ( E a ) of the CL-20/PbBa-MOF mixture were decreased by 2.2 °C and 23.76 kJ‧mol −1 , respectively. The E a of CL-20/NiBa-MOF mixture was lower and 42.01 kJ‧mol −1 , indicating the better catalytic activity of NiBa-MOF. The thermolysis catalytic mechanisms were studied by analyzing the transformation of gas products during the pyrolysis of mixtures. The effect of these two MOFs on the CL-20 thermolysis is primarily owing to the strong attraction of metal cations to electronics, bimetallic synergistic catalysis, and the release of active free radicals. Furthermore, the laser ignition and flame propagation features showed that these two MOFs reduced the minimum ignition power density and ignition delay time of the CL-20, and the flame becomes brighter and more luminous. The influence of the two MOFs on the flame bright spot of CL-20 based mixtures was described.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry C
·
2023
·Vol. 12
·期 3
·922-929
·
IF 6.4
Xiangshi Bin,Jiaxing Liu,Ruosheng Zeng,Hongbang Liu,Jialong Zhao,Tao Lin
Fast and convenient synthesis of zero-dimensional (0D) cesium-copper(I) halide (Cs3Cu2X5 (X = Cl, I)) single crystals (SCs) is critical to achieve practical radiography. In this study, rapid growth of high-quality Cs3Cu2X5 (X = Cl, I) SCs with sizes reaching centimeter scale were achieved within 24 hours using scalable solution-phased methods. These crystals exhibited highly effective emission with large Stokes shifts, excellent PL linearity, and PLQYs exceeding 86%. Additionally, post-treated Cs3Cu2X5–PMMA films demonstrated outstanding scintillation performance, including excellent stabilities, light yield surpassing 36 000 photons per MeV, and spatial resolution up to 6.5 lp per mm in X-ray imaging tests. The high scintillation efficiency can be attributed to their compact 0D crystalline structure, resulting in a small defect density and strong exciton localization.
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高影响因子
FUEL
·
2023
·
IF 7.4
Jiaxin Su,Yan Hu,Bin Zhou,Lizhi Wu,Yinghua Ye,Ruiqi Shen
Because of its high energy density, hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane(CL-20) has been widely used in propellants in place of conventional oxidizers. The adjustable burning rate of the CL-20 is a key factor in adapting the propellant to various environments. In this work, the effects of graphene oxide(GO) content on the thermal release, ignition and combustion characteristics of micro and nano CL-20 were thoroughly conducted based on the differential scanning calorimetry measurements (DSC), laser ignition, burning rate test and condensed combustion products collection. The results show GO has a positive effect on micro and nano CL-20 in ignition performance and a negative effect on combustion rate. Owing to the addition of GO, the original flameless combustion of CL-20 changes to flaming combustion. With increasing GO content, the burning rates of micro and nano CL-20 show completely different descending laws. Furthermore, the combustion mechanism of nano and micro CL-20/GO has been studied in detail. The burning rate of micro CL-20/GO is primarily determined by the condensed phase, and that of nano composite is controlled by both of the condensed and gas phases. This work provides a deeply insight into the influence mechanism of GO on the properties of nano and micro CL-20.
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
·
2023
·
IF 4.6
Yuwei Chen,Pifu Gong,Ruixin Guo,Feidi Fan,Jun Shen,Guochun Zhang,Heng Tu
A new Gd3+-containing borate Ba2Gd(BO3)2F has been successfully grown via the high-temperature solution method using BaF2-NaF-B2O3 flux. Ba2Gd(BO3)2F crystallizing in the orthorhombic space group Pnma is with lattice parameters a = 7.571(4) Å, b = 10.424(5) Å, c = 8.581(4) Å, α = β = γ = 90°, and Z = 2. Its three-dimensional framework was constructed from interesting pinwheel-like [Gd(BO3)F]∞ layers bridged by sharing [BO3]3–, which is different from the [Gd(BO3)]∞ layer in the model structure Ba2Gd(BO3)2Cl. The magnetic measurements indicated that Ba2Gd(BO3)2F has a larger magnetocaloric effect with −ΔSm,max = 27.82 J·kg–1·K–1at 2 K and 9 T than that of Ba2Gd(BO3)2Cl under the same conditions. Moreover, thermal stability, infrared spectrum (IR), and ultraviolet–visible-near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectrum were carried out to characterize the title compounds. The first-principles computations also looked into the electronic band structures, densities of states, and refractive indices.
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