JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
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2025
·Vol. 32
·期 11
·1-8
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IF 2.8
Cao Yong,Tang Sisi,Kong Weili,Wang Xinyu,He Xiaomin,Li Haibin,Jin Jie,Zhang Jun
The (thio)urea/base bifunctional activation catalyst system activates monomers or propagating alcohols through hydrogen bonding, demonstrating exceptional selectivity and activity. A series of economical cyclic (thio)urea-base combinations were employed as catalytic systems for rac-lactide and ε-caprolactone ring-opening polymerization (ROP). Among these, cyclic ureas combined with potassium methoxide (MeOK) exhibited superior catalytic activity over their thiourea counterparts, with the U3/MeOK system displaying remarkable controllability in rac-lactide polymerization, producing polymers with exceptionally low dispersity (Đ < 1.10). Kinetic studies confirmed that the polymerization process was well-controlled and adhered to first-order kinetics. Comparative analyses indicated that the dual hydrogen atoms on the urea moiety enhance the regulation of rac-lactide ROP. A plausible catalytic mechanism for the urea/MeOK system in rac-lactide polymerization was postulated. Additionally, in toluene solution, the urea/ MeOK system showed moderate catalytic performance for ε-caprolactone polymerization with reduced control, yielding poly(ε-caprolactone) of higher polydispersity. This study offers a straightforward approach toward the production of biodegradable polymeric materials.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
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2025
·Vol. 36
·期 29
·1-17
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IF 2.8
Sun Shuhui,Pei Qingyin,Zheng Guangwei,Zhang Haixia,Jing Zhenfeng,Zhang Sen,Li Xingfu,Tian Qingbo,Zhang Fengqing
In this study, Hf 4+ -doped BiFe 1− x Hf x O 3 ( x = 0–1.5 mol%) thin films were synthesized via the sol–gel method, and the effects of Hf doping on the structural and electrical properties were systematically investigated. The results reveal that 1.2-mol% Hf incorporation induces lattice distortion and grain refinement, significantly suppressing the formation of oxygen vacancies. Consequently, the Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ ratio increases to 2.03, and the relative concentration of oxygen vacancies decreases to 0.14. Under an applied electric field of 100 kV/cm, the leakage current density is reduced to 2.98 × 10 –6 A/cm 2 , while the remanent polarization reaches 93.92 μC/cm 2 . The dielectric constant is enhanced to 171, showing stable frequency dependence. Aging tests indicate a low polarization degradation rate of only 10.5%, and the optical band gap is widened to 2.60 eV. These results demonstrate that Hf 4+ doping synergistically improves the overall performance of BiFeO 3 thin films through defect suppression and lattice regulation. This work clarifies the mechanism by which Hf 4+ doping enhances the ferroelectric properties of BiFeO 3 films by inhibiting oxygen vacancy formation and optimizing the lattice structure, thereby providing a solid experimental foundation for the development of low-leakage, high-stability ferroelectric memory devices.
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Nature Communications
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·1-12
·
IF 15.7
Pan Haibin,Bai Yang,Sun Kexuan,Yang Ming,Tian Ruijia,Meng Yuanyuan,Gao Jiangwei,Wang Yaohua,Wang Jingnan,Zhou Shujing,Song Zhenhua,Xiaoyi Lu,Liu Chang,Ge Ziyi
All-perovskite tandem solar cells (PTSCs) demonstrate exceptional potential to surpass the Shockley-Queisser (SQ) theoretical limit. However, practical implementation faces critical challenges due to a self-reinforcing photothermal-mechanical degradation mechanism originating from multiscale physical couplings. In this study, a multifunctional polyamine ligand triphenyltriamine thiophosphate (TPTA) was introduced into the tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskite solution system to establish an I-Sn-N coordination-mediated lattice stabilization framework, and the photothermal-mechanical coupling path was cut off from multiple aspects such as suppressing periodic oscillations and regulating stress. Consequently, single-junction Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.4% and retaining 94.9% of initial performance after 950 hours of maximum power point (MPP) tracking. When the device is integrated into the 2-terminal (2 T) tandem architecture, its PCE reaches a significant level of 29.6 % (certified PCE of 28.9%), and 93.4% of the initial efficiency can be maintained after 900 hours continuous operation.
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Cancer Cell International
·
2025
·Vol. 25
·期 1
·1-18
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IF 6
Li Duo,Zhong Qi,Xiao Di,Wang Weifan,Xie Lejing,Peng Mei,Xu Cangcang,Wu Huaying,Li Zhuan,Yang Xiaoping
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an invasive malignant tumour for which few effective treatment options are currently available. Lenvatinib is a small-molecule inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases used for the treatment of patients with advanced HCC. Although lenvatinib has been proven effective in treating HCC patients, clinical data show that the response rate to lenvatinib is very low and that 76% of HCC patients are insensitive to lenvatinib. Phenformin is a well-known activator of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which has recently attracted widespread attention because of its anticancer effects. We investigated whether phenformin could enhance the efficacy of lenvatinib in treating HCC and, if so, the underlying mechanisms involved in this process. Methods The anticancer effects of the combination of phenformin and lenvatinib in HCC cells were assessed in vitro and in vivo. First, colony formation, EdU and MTT assays were conducted to measure the viability of the HCC cells. Flow cytometry was used to assess the cell cycle distribution of HCC cells. Then, western blotting (WB) was performed to detect protein expression in HCC cells after various treatments. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS) and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays were used to determine the interaction relationships of proteins. In addition, a xenograft model was used to analyze the effects of the different treatments on the proliferation of HCC cells. Immunohistochemistry and western blot assays were conducted to investigate the expression of related proteins in the tissues of the xenograft model. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to analyze the toxicity to the livers and kidneys of mice. Western blot assays were used to detect protein expression in human HCC samples. Results High expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) resulted in the insensitivity of HCC cells to lenvatinib, and PDGFRβ knockdown increased the sensitivity of HCC cells to lenvatinib. Phenformin inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells via AMPK-mediated PDGFRβ degradation. Compared with lenvatinib monotherapy, combined treatment with phenformin and lenvatinib considerably enhanced the anticancer effects both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistic studies showed that AMPK binds PDGFRβ and promotes its degradation via the c-Cbl-mediated lysosomal pathway. Conclusions Our study reports a novel combined therapy using phenformin and lenvatinib, which can increase the sensitivity of HCC cells to lenvatinib via AMPK-mediated PDGFRβ degradation. Hence, this treatment strategy may provide a personalized approach for treating HCC patients with high PDGFRβ expression and facilitate the development of basic and clinical research on the use of lenvatinib for the treatment of HCC.
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IONICS
·
2025
·
IF 2.6
Li Zhongyong,Zhang Dandan,Xiao Dong,Fan Hui,Mishra Yogendra Kumar,Xiong Jian
As an iron-based fluorophosphate with a two-dimensional layered structure, Na₂FePO₄F (NFPF) has become an ideal cathode material for energy storage applications due to its low cost, high safety, and structural stability. However, the inherently low conductivity and limited kinetic behavior of NFPF result in inferior electrochemical performance, which hinders its commercialization. Herein, we employed a one-step carbon–nitrogen co-doping method to modify NFPF. First, carbon coating effectively enhances the conductivity of the NFPF cathode. Moreover, nitrogen doping introduces additional vacancies and active sites in the carbon layer, providing more Na⁺ diffusion channels. The NFPF/PVP material, synthesized using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as both the nitrogen and carbon source, delivers a specific capacity of 119 mAh g⁻ 1 at 0.1 C, an excellent rate capability of 90 mAh g⁻ 1 at 10 C, and unprecedented long-term cycling stability (81.9% capacity retention after 2000 cycles). These properties are significantly superior to those of previously reported NFPF cathode materials. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed that the charge transfer resistance of NFPF/PVP (123.59 Ω) is much lower than that of pristine NFPF (500.23 Ω), indicating facilitated charge transfer and faster Na⁺ transport kinetics. The Na⁺ diffusion coefficient of NFPF/PVP (4.78 × 10⁻ 11 cm 2 s⁻ 1 ) is two orders of magnitude higher than that of NFPF (3.35 × 10⁻ 13 cm 2 s⁻ 1 ), further demonstrating that the PVP-derived nitrogen-doped carbon coating effectively improves the reaction kinetics of NFPF. This study provides new strategies and insights for developing cost-effective and high-performance NFPF-based materials.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 3.9
Wu Yue,Yuchao Qi,Xue Ying,Hao Xiaonan,Sun Shulin,Zhao Jingxuan
The escalating industrial activities in metal processing, textile manufacturing, petroleum refining, leather production, and pulp industries have generated substantial amounts of industrial wastewater, presenting critical environmental challenges that require immediate attention. In this study, we developed a novel polyacrylonitrile grafted ionic liquid (PAN-g-IL) membrane through γ-ray irradiation-induced grafting of 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bromide onto polyacrylonitrile, followed by non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) membrane fabrication [1] . The developed membrane exhibited exceptional separation performance for both dye-laden and oil-contaminated wastewater systems. The PAN-g-IL membrane demonstrated a pure water flux of 358.1 L m −2 h −1 with remarkable rejection rates exceeding 98% for cationic dyes, and for oil–water emulsions has a very good retention performance [2] , indicating superior antifouling properties and long-term operational stability.
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CATALYSIS LETTERS
·
2025
·Vol. 155
·期 11
·1-16
·
IF 2.4
Yao Liang,Wang Hao,Li Shuangde,Chen Yunfa
Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) emissions, a major source of air pollution, can be effectively mitigated through catalytic reduction to elemental sulfur using carbon monoxide (CO). In this study, Fe loaded TiO 2 catalysts were synthesized and subsequently subjected to pre-sulfurization treatment under varied conditions. Their catalytic performance was evaluated in SO 2 reduction for thermal and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma enhanced thermal catalysis. The results showed that OFS-Fe/TiO 2 catalyst with oxygen-free sulfurization (OFS) treatment exhibited the highest catalytic activity, achieving above 90% SO 2 conversion between 250 and 550 °C under oxygen-assisted reaction (OAR), along with long-term stability under 40–60% water vapor. However, the SO 2 conversion were below 20% for Fe/TiO 2 and oxygen-assisted sulfurization OAS-Fe/TiO 2 catalysts within 250 to 400 °C. Notably, the significantly enhanced catalytic performance of the OFS-Fe/TiO 2 catalyst was probably attributed to the high dispersion of Fe over nano-TiO 2 , the lower Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ ratio, and the formation of active FeS 2 species detected by SEM-EDS, XPS and TPD techniques. Furethermore, a conversion efficiency exceeding 90% was maintained throughout 80 to 550 °C under DBD plasma reaction over POFS-Fe/TiO 2 catalyst with room-temperature DBD plasma oxygen-free sulfurization treatment, surpassing thermal catalysis performance. The significantly enhanced low-temperature activity of plasma catalysis was attributed to the lowest Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ ratio, together with the transformation of FeS 2 into FeS, generating more sulfur vacancies. In-situ DRIFTS experiments confirmed two distinct SO 2 adsorption and reduction mechanisms between Fe/TiO 2 and OFS-Fe/TiO 2 catalysts. The results demonstrate that pre-sulfurization and plasma modification serve as an effective catalytic strategy to enhance CO-mediated SO 2 reduction, offering a sustainable emission control approach through sulfur resource utilization. Graphical
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Science China-Materials
·
2025
·
IF 7.4
Dong Chang,Liu Huan-Huan,Li Teng,Yang Li,Song Gui-Lin,Xu Hui-Kang,Lei Jun,Li Jie,Yan Ding-Xiang,Li Zhong-Ming
Polymer-based positive temperature coefficient (PTC) composites show exceptional potential for smart thermal management owing to temperature-responsive resistivity. However, conventional PTC composites with high Curie temperatures ( T c > 50 °C) are unsuitable for precision electronics requiring room-temperature operation. The development of low-Tc composites ( T c < 50 °C) faces challenges in balancing electrical resistivity, stability, and sensitivity. We present a ternary composite design where carbon black (CB) is selectively dispersed in myristyl alcohol (MA) phase, stabilized by an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) matrix. The reversible solid-liquid transition of MA dynamically modulates CB conductive networks, while the elasticity of EVA suppresses phase migration under elevated thermal conditions. The MA/EVA/CB composite achieves unprecedented performance: low T c (35 °C), ultralow initial resistivity (50 Ω cm), high PTC intensity (7.0), and exceptional cycling stability (>95% resistivity retention after 100 thermal cycles), surpassing previous benchmarks. Even after real space-environment exposure for 14 days, it retains ultralow resistivity and high PTC intensity. DSC/FTIR analyses confirm molecular integrity, validating stability under extreme conditions. Microstructural studies reveal that MA phase melting/crystallization governs conductive network disruption/reconfiguration. A self-regulating heater fabricated from this composite stabilizes an aluminum block at near T c (30.6 ± 0.03 °C) at 20 V and −10 °C environments without external controls. The low- T c PTC composites demonstrate transformative potential in adaptive thermal management for aerospace electronics.
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WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
·
2025
·Vol. 236
·期 15
·1-15
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IF 3
Lv Tingting,Wang Hong,Li Ding,Li Ruihai,Yang Chengliang,Zhao Wei,Cui Zhenyu,Li Jianxin
Organophosphorus pesticide contaminated sites have been categorized as a global priority contaminated site type for remediation due to the excessive accumulation of persistent organic pollutants. This study investigated the removal effect of phorate (PHR) in polluted soil through co-solvent-assisted alkaline activation of persulfate (PS) system, and evaluated the contribution of the co-solvent to the desorption behavior and solubilizing effect of PHR. Results showed that a high PHR degradation rate of 56.1% was obtained on the second day under the following conditions: 40% (v/v) acetonitrile (ACN) as co-solvent, C PS = 382 mmol L –1 , pH 12, and a W L /W s ratio of 1:2. It was a significant improvement over the system without co-solvent (19.9%). Moreover, a degradation rate of PHR was up to 93.9% on the 21st day under the optimized operating conditions, which was significantly higher than that observed in the persulfate oxidation system (13.1%) and the alkaline hydrolysis system (33.6%). The critical active species, including sulfate radicals \(S{O}_{4}^{\bullet -}\) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) for the oxidation of PHR in contaminated soil during the alkaline-activated persulfate system were identified using electron spin resonance (ESR) and radical quenching experiments. The degradation pathways involved both hydrolytic pre-activation and radical mineralization. Furthermore, the luminescent bacteria tests demonstrated that the luminescence inhibition rate of the PHR-contaminated soil decreased from an initial value of 100% (highly toxic) to 16.2% (low toxicity) after remediation. In summary, this study offers a promising approach for the remediation of organophosphorus pesticide-contaminated soils.
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JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·Vol. 23
·期 1
·1-21
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IF 12.6
Sui Meiju,Xie Kairu,Luo Yingying,Wang Haiqiang,Sheng Hao,Yue Sen,Liu Xiaoxun,Li Sha,Suk Jung Soo,Chen Shizhen,Chen Daiqin,Zhou Xin
Metastatic lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, underscoring the urgent need for early detection and intervention strategies. Current diagnostic and therapeutic methods often fall short in sensitivity and efficacy, particularly for early-stage disease. In this study, we develop CaCO 3 @quercetin-Mn nanoparticles (CQM NPs) integrating dual-stage macrophage reprogramming with T 1 -weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancement for theranostic management of pulmonary metastasis. CQM NPs exploit dynamic macrophage polarization: initial M2 polarization promotes nanoparticles accumulation in metastatic lesions, enabling detection of lesions as small as 0.11 mm, while subsequent acid/glutathione (GSH)-triggered degradation reprograms tumor-associated macrophages to antitumor M1 phenotype, suppressing metastatic growth by 81.64% and preventing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from colonizing the lungs by 78.08%. These findings demonstrate a significant improvement in MRI sensitivity and an integrated approach to therapy, contrasting with traditional methods that separate these challenges. This “detect-to-treat” paradigm bridges the critical gap between imaging sensitivity and immunomodulatory therapy, offering a blueprint for precision nanomedicine in metastatic cancers. Graphical abstract
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CELLULOSE
·
2025
·
IF 4.8
Wu Yuewei,Che Wenrong,He Ziyang,Chi Yuhang,Li Baohui,Zheng Jianwei,Zeng Xianhai,Zuo Miao
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are one of the most important biomass-derived materials for reinforcing hydrogels. Nevertheless, there is a lack of comparative studies examining the impact of CNCs synthesized via disparate methodologies on the toughening of hydrogels. This study synthesized two different CNCs through the sulfuric acid hydrolysis and deep eutectic solvent (DES) synthesis methods from Gleditsia sinensis peel, a forest residue, and compared their effects on the enhancement of the mechanical properties of SA/PAAM (sodium alginate/polyacrylamide) hydrogels. The comprehensive characterizations demonstrated that the mechanical properties of hydrogels derived from DES-CNCs are superior to those derived from S-CNCs (sulfuric acid-CNCs). The DES-CNC/SA/PAAM hydrogels revealed a homogeneous structure with excellent strain (2534%), high transparency (90%), and self-adhesiveness (15 kPa). The flexible sensor assembled using hydrogels exhibited accurate real-time monitoring capabilities for minor and larger strains during movement. To investigate the enhancement mechanism of CNCs on hydrogels, this work evaluated weak interaction forces between DES-CNC/SA/PAAM components through the quantum chemical theoretical calculations, with the combination of wave function analysis method and Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. This work provides comparative tests of forestry biomass sources in hydrogel synthesis and sensing applications and suggests a new idea for high-value utilization of biomass feedstocks.
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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine
·
2025
·
IF 2.5
Wu Bing-xin,Ma Jun-ye,Huang Xi-chang,Liang Xue-song,Ning Bai-le,Wu Qian,Wang Shan-ze,Zhou Jun-he,Fu Wen-bin
Objective To investigate the effects of acupuncture on the neurotransmitter levels and gut microbiota in a mouse model of Tourette syndrome (TS). Methods Thirty-six male C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups using a random number table method: 3,3’-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) group, control group, acupuncture group, and tiapride group, with 9 mice in each group. In the IDPN group, acupuncture group, and tiapride group, mice received daily intraperitoneal injections of IDPN (300 mg/kg body weight) for 7 consecutive days to induce stereotyped behaviors. Subsequently, in the acupuncture intervention group, standardized acupuncture treatment was administered for 14 consecutive days to IDPN-induced TS model mice. The selected acupoints included Baihui (DU 20), Yintang (DU 29), Waiguan (SJ 5), and Zulinqi (GB 41). In the tiapride group, mice were administered tiapride (50 mg/kg body weight) via oral gavage daily for 14 consecutive days. The control group, IDPN group, and acupuncture group received the same volume of saline orally for 14 consecutive days. Stereotypic behaviors were quantified through behavioral assessments. Neurotransmitter levels, including dopamine (DA), glutamate (Glu), and aspartate (ASP) in striatal tissue were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Dopamine transporter (DAT) expression levels were additionally quantified through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Gut microbial composition was analyzed through 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, while metabolic profiling was conducted using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results Acupuncture administration significantly attenuated stereotypic behaviors, concurrently reducing striatal levels of DA, Glu and ASP concentrations while upregulating DAT expression compared with untreated TS controls ( P <0.05 or P <0.01). Comparative analysis identified significant differences in Muribaculaceae ( P =0.001), Oscillospiraceae ( P =0.049), Desulfovibrionaceae ( P =0.001), and Marinifilaceae ( P =0.014) following acupuncture intervention. Metabolomic profiling revealed alterations in 7 metabolites and 18 metabolic pathways when compared to the TS mice, which involved various amino acid metabolisms associated with DA, Glu, and ASP. Conclusions Acupuncture demonstrates significant modulatory effects on both central neurotransmitter systems and gut microbial ecology, thereby highlighting its dual therapeutic potential for TS management through gut—brain axis regulation.
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