Journal of Materials Research and Technology-JMR&T
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2025
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IF 6.6
Zhenyun Tian,Weichao Zheng,Liu Yang,ChuanMing Wu,Jialong Kang,Jiawen Chen,Guibao Qiu
The recovery of valuable metals from spent SCR catalysts currently centers on chromium and tungsten oxides. However, this approach demands substantial consumption of acids and bases, and due to the low vanadium and tungsten content, its economic output is minimal. In contrast, titanium dioxide, which exists in significantly higher proportions within the catalyst, is largely overlooked, aggravating environmental issues and leading to considerable resource wastage. This research proposes utilizing spent SCR catalysts as raw materials to directly synthesize titanium alloys, thereby increasing the recovery value of these discarded materials. The findings reveal that aluminum, employed as a reducing agent, efficiently reduces the majority of valuable metals in the catalyst, resulting in the formation of titanium alloys. Furthermore, the addition of calcium oxide markedly enhances the reduction process and improves slag-metal separation. When the CaO content reaches 50 wt%, titanium recovery achieves an impressive rate of 93.34 wt%. The produced alloy comprises primarily a Ti–Al alloy matrix, with a Ti–Si alloy as a dispersed reinforcing phase uniformly distributed within the matrix, demonstrating significant potential for practical applications.
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Particuology
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2025
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IF 4.3
Xueqin Liao,Haiou Wang,Peihui Xu,Jianzhong Liu,Jianren Fan
Although aluminum (Al) particles have been widely applied in aerospace and missile technologies, the critical factors influencing their combustion remain insufficiently studied. To address this, this work investigates the effects of multiple factors on Al particle combustion through thermodynamic theoretical calculations and experimental approaches. Thermodynamic results indicate that various oxidizing gases can chemically react with Al and release heat. Among them, the reaction between Al and oxygen exhibits the largest enthalpy change and Gibbs free energy change. In both Al/O and Al/O/C/H systems, increasing temperature reduces enthalpy change but enhances Gibbs free energy change. Pressure shows negligible effects on the system, while the influence of Al molar quantity depends on oxygen atom availability. Thermal analysis reveals that smaller particle sizes significantly increase oxidation rates. Moreover, Al particles with different particle sizes can continue to react until complete oxidation at a constant temperature of 1400 °C in air, suggesting that the alumina shell at high temperatures may be loose and porous with a non-dense structure. Combustion tests demonstrate that reducing particle size from 25 μm to 0.1 μm decreases ignition delay time by 86% and increases combustion temperature by 30%. Similarly, elevating oxygen concentration or pressure reduces ignition delay, enhances combustion temperature, and improves combustion efficiency. This study provides fundamental data support for constructing Al particle combustion models under complex variable environments.
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JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY
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2025
·Vol. 2025
·期 1
·8616106
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IF 4.2
Chen Chen,Zengrong Ye,Jianan Li,Na Liu,Bo Wang,Guoying Zhou
Rheum tanguticum petiole juice, widely consumed in Tibet as both a vegetable and an herb, exhibits varying chemical compositions depending on the production methods. This study aims to identify the bioactive components in raw juice using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–QTOF–MS–MS) and analyze their antidiabetic properties through network pharmacology. In addition, the effects of the three types of membrane clarification were evaluated. A total of 36 compounds were identified, and a components–targets–pathways–disease network was constructed for diabetes treatment. Among the membranes tested, the 0.2 μm microfiltration membrane exhibited the highest permeate flux and retained significant amounts of total flavonoids, phenolics, and proanthocyanidins, making it the optimal choice for juice clarification. These findings lay the groundwork for the industrial processing and utilization of R . tanguticum petiole juice in China.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 3.9
Liang Yuan,Wang Kai,Liu Simeng,Shi Jian,Liu Fan,Morikawa Hideaki,Zhu Chunhong
Toluene (C 7 H 8 ) is a representative volatile organic compound (VOC) that poses a significant threat to the atmospheric environment and human health. Catalytic oxidation has shown demonstrated advantages in the field of air purification, but precious metal catalysts have significant limitations by their high cost and scarcity. This study used hydrothermal synthesis to prepare manganese dioxide nanowires with a diameter of approximately 100 nm. A multi-scale fiber membrane was constructed with mullite nanofibers, which can effectively remove PM 2.5 and toluene from the air. The filtration efficiency of the composite fiber membrane remaind above 99% at different air flow rates. It can achieve complete oxidation of toluene, and after five cycles of testing, the removal rate of toluene remains at 99.2%, demonstrating good catalytic performance. MnO 2 nanowire/mullite multi-scale fiber membrane has shown great potential for indoor air purifier filters.
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THERMOCHIMICA ACTA
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2025
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IF 3.5
Wenke Zhang,Jianzhong Liu,Haiou Wang,Xueqin Liao,Jianren Fan
Aluminum (Al) combustion in CO 2 was investigated to assess carbon sequestration potential. Theoretical and experimental results identified C(s), Al 4 C 3 (s), and CO(g) as primary products, with C(s) formation being most thermodynamically favorable. Al oxidation in CO 2 proceeded through three stages, with the second stage (activation energy: 260–268 kJ·mol⁻¹) exhibiting the highest reactivity. Kinetic analysis indicated an Anti-Jander/D1 mechanism for this dominant stage. Reducing particle size from 25 μm to 0.1 μm at 0.1 MPa shortened ignition delay by 664 ms and increased combustion temperature by 847 K. Characterization confirmed carbon incorporation in products (Al 2 O 3 /Al 4 C 3 ) and demonstrated enhanced combustion efficiency and carbon fixation with smaller particles or higher pressures. These findings provide critical insights for Martian in-situ resource utilization and carbon capture technologies.
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COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
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2025
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IF 14.2
Junjie Zhou,Yike Zhang,Xinyu Wang,Yanan Yang,Xin Wu,Jin Hu,Long Xia
Impedance mismatch and high-temperature oxidation are two main factors that limit the practical application of carbon-based absorbing materials. Although micro/nano-structured composites have been explored to alleviate these issues, they often suffer from dispersion instability and structural fragility. In this work, a coaxial composite fiber microwave absorber (Al 4 C 3 /Al 2 O 3 @C f ) is fabricated using carbon fiber (C f ) as a template and conductive core, with an Al 4 C 3 /Al 2 O 3 ceramic shell grown in situ via a vapor–solid reaction. Compared to pristine C f , which exhibits negligible absorption, the optimized composite achieves a minimum reflection loss of −49.27 dB, attributed to interfacial polarization and a built-in capacitor-like structure. Meanwhile, the material also features excellent oxidation resistance and thermal insulation (0.0567 W m −1 K −1 at 100 °C). This study presents a structurally controllable, thermally robust absorber design that overcomes key limitations of traditional carbon-based materials, offering a promising solution for next-generation electromagnetic protection in aerospace and harsh environments.
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COMBUSTION AND FLAME
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2025
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IF 6.2
Xiaohui Xue,Tuanwei Xu,Bozhi Hu,Wenke Zhang,Jianzhong Liu
In this study, the agglomeration behavior, gaseous combustion products flow velocity and characteristics of condensed combustion products (CCPs) from a HTPB-based solid propellant were systematically investigated under low-pressure and low-temperature conditions. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of these environmental effects were discussed. High-speed microscopic imaging was employed to observe and quantify the agglomeration behavior near the burning surface. Meanwhile, the gaseous combustion product stream velocity in this region was analyzed using both kinetic modeling and theoretical calculations. Experimental results show that when pressure decreases from 1 atm to 0.5 atm, the agglomerate occurrence frequency drops by 90.2 %, the average particle size increases by 14.4 %, and the gaseous product velocity rises by 52.1 %. When reducing the ambient temperature from 20 °C to −40 °C leads to an 18.1 % decrease in agglomerate frequency and a 6.5 % reduction in average particle size, while its effect on gaseous velocity remains inconclusive. Characterization of CCPs reveals that both low pressure and low temperature significantly alter the particle size distribution and reduce the combustion efficiency of solid propellants. Within the experimental conditions of this study (0.3 atm to 1 atm, −40 °C to 20 °C), the impact of pressure changes is greater than that of temperature.
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EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 6.3
Zhe Sun,Tianfu Zhang,Zhehong Lu,Wei Jiang,Zihao Chen,Guangpu Zhang
Designing highly filled energetic composites with minimal micro-interface defects remains a persistent challenge in the aerospace field. Herein, we constructed a room-temperature self-healing energetic polymer by the triple dynamic bonds, which include azido-azido dipolar interaction, aromatic diselenide bonds, and multilevel hydrogen bonds. Controlling these dynamic bonds could influence the intermolecular interactions, microphase separation, and the mobility of polymer segments. As a result, the optimal polymer exhibited excellent mechanical toughness (13.17 MJ/m 3 ), room-temperature healing capacity (91.65 % after 48 h), and high heat release (1197.62 J/g). To confirm the applicability, the energetic composites with 70 wt% solid content were fabricated by shear calendar technology. Thanks to the nanometer-scale interface interaction, the toughness of nanoscale Al-based composites was enhanced by 94.5 % compared to that of their micron Al-based counterpart. Importantly, this method enables the composites to attain effective crack healing at safe temperatures. The present study presents a feasible method to design the safe solid propellant for aerospace applications.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 13.2
Jingli Zhang,Pan Xue,Danyu Liu,Jiashuai Zhang,Zixin Yang,Yunhui Huang,Yingjia Tong,Huitao Yu,Qufu Wei,Pengfei Lv
Inspired by nature, soft actuators with sensing functions have shown great potential in applications such as dynamic perception, bionic robotics, and smart devices. However, soft actuators with sensing capabilities still suffer from poor stability and slow actuation speed. Herein, the multi-stimulus responsive actuators with sensing functions are fabricated through a judiciously designed amino-functionalized MXene-encapsulated liquid metal nanodroplets (Si-MXene@LM) ink with liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) thanks to strong hydrogen bonding between the -NH and -OH groups to improve stability and actuation speed. When the resulting actuator with sensing function is driven by near-infrared (NIR) light or voltage, it generates a significant actuation strain (45 % in 7 s and 35 % in 15 s) due to the optoelectronic properties of the ink and the excellent responsiveness of the LCE. Importantly, it also has high sensitivity (△R/R 0 = 11.5 %) and outstanding cyclic stability (2500 cycles). As a proof-of-concept, an artificial muscle and intelligent logic circuit based on the actuators demonstrate perfect integration of the actuating and sensing functions, which could not only control of the system, but also sense every actuation state of the actuator. This work is expected to offer new insights into the design of advanced multi-responsive actuators with sensing functions and pave an avenue for the development of multifunctional integrated devices.
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Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management
·
2025
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IF 3
Lou Wen-bo,Liu Dong-yan,Zhao Da,Wang Yun,Sun Zi-cheng,Zou Yi,Niu Xiao-wei,Cheng Quan-guo,Li Jian-zhong,Liu Hong-hui
The recovery of NCM (LiNi x Co y Mn 1-x-y O 2 , abbreviated as NCM) cathode materials from retired lithium-ion batteries is a research hotspot in resource recycling field. Nevertheless, due to aluminum impurities mixed in raw materials, Li(I) and Al(III) ions are easy to combine to form water-insoluble LiAlO 2 during reduction, affecting Li(I) ions’ water-leaching efficiency. In this study, the LiAlO 2 formation environment is analyzed. Thermodynamic analysis reveals that there is generally less spontaneity in the reaction of Li (I) ions with aluminum monomers compared to Al 2 O 3 , and the introduction of CO 2 can inhibit Li-Al-O substance production. Li-Al binding experiments show that there is almost no direct reaction between Li 2 CO 3 and aluminum monomers, but under Ar atmosphere, Li 2 CO 3 and Al 2 O 3 can easily lead to Li-Al binding, a kinetic analysis considers that binding is controlled by chemical reaction, with an activation energy of 57.78 kJ/mol, and the activation energy increases to 88.028 kJ/mol with CO 2 atmosphere. Under reduced optimization conditions (reduction temperature: 500 °C, time: 6 h, and m NCM : m Al = 1: 0.25), the carbonation water-leaching efficiency can reach 95.1% for Li(I) ions and less than 1% for Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), and Al(III) ions. Thus, this work offers a theoretical basis for the industrial Li(I) ions’ recovery from aluminum-containing NCM materials.
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Nature Communications
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·1-13
·
IF 15.7
Shen Huasen,Li Zhaohuai,Li Jiantao,He Qiu,Li Mengjun,Tian Yunan,Wu Guoning,Zhao Yan,Zhang Xuanxuan,Xiao Jingjing,Amine Khalil,Li Yuyu,Xie Ming,Lu Jun
The growth of lithium (Li) dendrites and the accumulation of dead Li (i.e., Li metal regions which are electronically disconnected from the current collector) significantly undermine the safety and performance of Li metal batteries. This study employs kilogram–scale atomic layer deposition technology to construct zinc oxide with a preferential (002) crystal orientation, which homogeneously forms on commercial carbon nanotube papers. Our approach emphasizes the importance of achieving a moderate Li adsorption energy and low Li migration energy barriers to suppress Li dendrite growth. In this work, we introduce the concept of “catalytic” effect for dead Li reconversion, as validated through time–of–flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, leading to a Li plating/stripping efficiency of 99.89%. The Ah–level Li metal pouch cells with high–nickel positive electrodes achieve a specific energy of 380 Wh kg −1 (based on the mass of the whole pouch cell) and demonstrate stable cycling under demanding conditions. Analysis of the cycled pouch cells confirms the structural integrity and provides insights into the mechanism of the dead Li “catalytic” conversion.
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Journal of Energy Chemistry
·
2025
·
IF 14.9
Ali Hammad,Siyi Zou,Fandi Ning,Ghulam Nabi,Yuzhuo Jiang,Bin Tian,Wentao Huang,Muhammad Rashid,Shiqi Zhao,Xiaochun Zhou
Inorganic materials can solve transportable and on-site hydrolytic hydrogen generation issues. CaH 2 /(Al/Si) composites are preferable due to their notable chemical properties. However, these composites require pretreatments, an inert environment, and long hours of physical ball milling for high homogeneity and synergistic effects. CaH 2 also inhibits the hydrolysis reaction by forming its products on the Al/Si surface, which hinders the direct utilization of composites. This work represents the first investigation of NaH-CaH 2 (Al/Si) fuel composites, which greatly overcome these limitations and can be directly used for on-site hydrogen generation and proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The NaH-CaH 2 (Al/Si) fuel composites were prepared by using a straightforward mixing method with variable composition ratios, showing high H 2 yield and fuel cell (FC) performance. NaH addition provides the bridge effect, which opens up a new way to enable efficient hydrolysis and greatly enhances the hydrolysis activity of CaH 2 /(Al/Si) composites. The novel fuel composites (NaH-CaH 2 /Al) have extraordinary FC performance and a 0.42 W/cm 2 peak power density greater than commercial hydrogen generators. It provides high H 2 yield 84.4 % for NaH-CaH 2 /Al and 82 % for NaH-CaH 2 /Si compared to NaOH-CaH 2 (Al/Si), NaCl-CaH 2 (Al/Si), and KCl-CaH 2 (Al/Si) composites. The NaH bridge effect hinders the direct water contact and stops the formation of Ca(OH) 2 around Al/Si, which provides adequate pathways for the CaH 2 (Al/Si) hydrolysis. The impressive capabilities of novel fuel composites are anticipated to offer practical uses in fuel cells, automobile applications, and portable/on-board H 2 generation.
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