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Ag 3 PO 4 /TiO 2 nanocomposite was fabricated by an in situ precipitation method and then blended into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) casting solution to prepare the ultrafiltration membrane via wet phase inversion technique. The water flux and bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection rate of membrane were investigated; meanwhile, the ultrafiltration membrane morphologies and structural properties were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction. Compared with the control membrane, the permeate performance of blended membranes was improved while possessing a steady BSA retention due to enhanced hydrophilicity. Mechanical tests revealed that the modified membranes exhibited a larger tensile strength and breakage elongation. SEM images and the halo zone testing were employed to assess the antibacterial performances of the nanocomposite membranes against Escherichia coli. The antibacterial tests confirmed that the modified membranes showed an effective antibacterial property against E. coli.
Although tremendous efforts have been made to convert woody oils into valuable chemicals, most of the known protocols still require multi-step procedures and rigorous conditions. Herein, a highly efficient method for converting woody oils into long-chain unsaturated dicarboxylic acid was reported. Such a strategy holds promises for opening new routes for utilizing woody oils. Firstly, self-metathesis of fatty acids from Rubber seed oil (RSO), Sapium sebiferum oil (SSO) and High oleic Canola oil (HOCO) were optimized. Pure E -octadec-9-enedioic acid monomer (C18) was obtained, and confirmed by 1 H NMR and FTIR spectra. The prepared dicarboxylic acid was then experienced condensation polymerization with 1,6-hexamethylenediamine. The chemical structures of the obtained polyamides were investigated by FTIR and 13 C NMR spectra. DSC , TGA, DMA, and tensile testing was used to explored their thermal and mechanical properties. Interestingly, due to the existence of broad melting and glass transition, the prepared polyamides possess multiple-shape memory properties.
To improve the mechanical properties of polyurethane cross-linked poly (ethylene oxide-co-tetrahydrofuran) (P(E-co-T)) elastomers at room temperature, using poly (ethylene oxide-co-tetrahydrofuran) and high-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) as raw materials and polyisocyanate N100 as curing agent, a series of polyurethane cross-linked blended polyether elastomers were prepared by changing the elastomer-curing parameter R value (n(-NCO)/n(-OH)) and P(E-co-T)/PEG ratio. Equilibrium swelling measurements showed that the chemical cross-linkage of the elastomers tended to decrease with the decreasing R value, the average molecular weight (Mc) of the network chain increased, and the density of the network chain (N0) decreased. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests showed that PEG chain segments within the elastomers crystallized at room temperature, while the crystallinity increased with decreasing R value and increasing PEG content. The mechanical property tests showed that the elongation at break tended to decrease with increasing R value; the tensile strength first increased and then decreased. At R value 0.9, the elastomer presented good comprehensive mechanical properties. In addition, the mechanical properties of polyurethane cross-linked P(E-co-T)/PEG blended polyether elastomer showed an increasing trend with the increase in PEG content when the curing parameter of 0.9 remained unchanged.Keywords:polyurethane cross-linked elastomer;polyether blend;crystallinity;mechanical properties
Improving the service life of oxygen lance is a key assignment in electronic scrap smelting process. The degradation mechanism of 304, 310S, 316L, and 321 stainless steels in FeO x -SiO 2 -CaO-Al 2 O 3 slag were experimentally studied at the range of 1300–1400 °C, in the air and at p O2 = 10 -7 atm. The oxidation and dissolution of steel components, and the formation of (Ni,Fe)(Fe,Cr,Al) 2 O 4 spinel phases caused steel degradation. The chrome oxide layers protected the stainless steel from further corrosion at high p O2 . 310S stainless steel had the best performance in the experimental conditions, and 321 stainless steel was also stable at low temperatures.
The use of piezoelectric materials has been increased due to the growing demand for wearable devices. Herein, we report the development of new copolymer poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE)-based reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) loaded electrospun (E-Spun) nanofibers. The rGO-MCNTs loaded PVDF-TrFE nanofibrous mat led to the fabrication of ultra-sensitive piezoelectric pressure sensors for potential wearable health monitoring applications. The doped PVDF-TrFE solution of different weight percentages of rGO-MCNTs as fillers was prepared and used to fabricate an e-spun nanofibrous mat. Complete characterization of resultant materials were carried through diverse instruments which reveals the successful integration of rGO-MCNTs (3.2%) as a dopant that improved the β-phase up to 92%. The DSC analysis further exposes the high thermal stability of the PVDF-TrFE nanofibers mat due to the enhanced crystallinity with the addition of nanofillers. The newly developed sensor’s overall output (based on sensitivity) was calculated under a variable applied pressure range of 0.25 ~ 300 cN at 50 HZ. Results show that the pressure sensor response has improved from 16.125 ~ 0.430 kPa −1 , corresponding to a higher sensitivity under static and dynamic forces in the applied pressure range. These results are of a fundamental study and open new prospects for the hybrid nanofibrous mat as alternative electrode material in the piezoelectric pressure sensor.
The bio-based epoxy nanocomposite (GAER/DOPO-POSS) was prepared from gallic epoxy resin (GAER) and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (which containing 9,10-dihydrogen-9-oxo-10-phosphorus-phenanthrene-10-oxide groups, called DOPO-POSS). The polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane containing epoxy groups (E-POSS) was grafted onto aminated graphene oxide (E-GO), then the novel POSS-E-GO was obtained. The POSS-E-GO was used as modifier for GAER/DOPO-POSS nanocomposite. The influences of POSS-E-GO content on mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties and thermal stability of GAER/DOPO-POSS nanocomposites were determined. The experimental results show that POSS-E-GO can significantly improve the toughness of the GAER/DOPO-POSS nanocomposite. When 0.5wt% POSS-E-GO was added in GAER/DOPO-POSS nanocomposite, the impact strength of the nanocomposite was 4.74 kJ/m 2 higher than that in the absence of POSS-E-GO, meantime the initial thermal degradation temperature was 277 °C.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are highly toxic and persistent organic pollutions that can accumulate in the environment. In this study, an aromatic ring cleavage module, a salicylic acid synthesis module, and a catechol metabolism module were respectively constructed in three Escherichia coli BL21 strains. Subsequently, the engineered strains were cocultured as an artificial consortium for the biodegradation of phenanthrene, a typical PHA. Single factor experiments and response surface methodology were used to identify the optimal degradation conditions, including an inoculation interval of 6 h, inoculation ratio of 1:1:1, and IPTG concentration of 2 mM. Under these conditions, the 7-day degradation ratio of 100 mg/L phenanthrene reached 72.67%. Moreover, the engineered Escherichia coli BL21 strains showed good phenanthrene degradation ability at substrate concentrations 10 mg/L up to 500 mg/L. Enzyme activity assays combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry measurements confirmed that the three engineered strains behaved as a synergistic consortium in the phenanthrene degradation process. Based on the analysis of the key metabolites, the engineered bacteria were supplemented at 7-day intervals in batches so that each engineered strain maintained its optimal degradation ability. The 21-day degradation ratio finally reached 90.66%, which was much higher than what was observed with simultaneous inoculation. These findings suggest that the three engineered strains with separate modules constructed in this study offer an attractive solution for removing PAHs from the environment.
Background The Fenton-like reaction is a highly potential advanced oxidation process. The photo-Fenton-like reaction formed by the combination of photocatalytic advanced oxidation process, which combines their advantages, breaks the original Fenton-like reaction rate bottleneck. Methods In this study, an ultra-thin MOF (Cu-TCPP(BA)-MOF) with porphyrin as the ligand and copper as the metal node was synthesized via a simple one-pot method for the first time. Significant Findings It activates Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) under visible light to degrade 10 mg/L Rhodamine B which can be completely degraded within 40 min. The pseudo-first-order rate constant of RhB is 0.9011 min −1 , being 5 folds larger than this for CuO as catalysts. ESR analysis shows that Cu-TCPP(BA)-MOF/PMS/vis system produces a large amount of non-radical 1 O 2 . Also under visible light, with E. coli concentration of 10 7 cfu/mL, it can be completely inactivated within 50 min. Dilution spreading plate method and Fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed the complete death of bacteria. In terms of mechanism, the ultra-thin MOF provides a large number of Cu 2+ active sites. Under visible light, the cycle between Cu 2+ and Cu + is accelerated and the pathways that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) is changed, thereby improving the performance of contaminant treatment and sterilization.
To utilize carbon source and decompose the petroleum hydrocarbon substances simultaneously, adding the electrolysis to ozonation (E + -Ozonation) was employed to deal with hazardous activated petroleum waste sludge (P-sludge). It was found that E + -Ozonation could accelerate the ozone utilization and hydroxyl radical (·OH) generation rate. Soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) increased around 16.3 times than the control one (from 471 to 7700 mg/L). The potential carbon source, such as the short-chain carbon of acetate and propionate, increased from 50 to 1088 mg/L and from 27 to 614 mg/L respectively, and approximately accounted for a quarter of total SCOD. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) decomposition was observed with a much higher removal rate of 84.3% simultaneously, and the substances with the function group of C=C and C–C bonds decomposed greatly. The long- and medium-chain substances in TPH were converted into the short-chain substances (90% of C 28 –C 40 of hydrocarbons was removed, while C 10 –C 18 increased by 13.8%). E + -Ozonation process could be one of the promising methods for P-sludge decomposition through carbon source releasing and TPH removal. Graphical abstract
Hydrogel nanocomposites (HGNCs), with a hydrophobic inner hollows structure and a hydrophilic exterior, is often used to encapsulate the broadest range of guest molecules. Herein, we established a three-dimensional, nanocomposites, superabsorbent, malleable, and bioadhesive HGNCs via chemical crosslinker poly (ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) to enhance the controlled release and bioavailability of Vitamin E (VE). β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) are integrated as multi-core units in the soy soluble polysaccharide (SSPS) polymer network in which the β-CD cavities act as carriers for (VE) by host-guest interaction. We have examined the detailed structures and morphology by FTIR, DSC , XRD, SEM, TEM , AFM , and CLSM. Overall, increasing the β-CD than SSPS in the reaction mixture (from 10 to 25%) led to enhance the crosslinking degree, improve the elastic behavior (G′>G″), increase the particle size (from 114.2 to 202.9 nm), and the hardness. Besides, decreasing the adhesiveness, pore size, and swelling. Our (HGNCs) did not rupture under compression up to 90% strain with (1.8 MPa) strength. The nanocomposites (1:1) exhibited less nanosized after pectinase and α-amylase hydrolysis (75 and 124 nm, respectively). Also, the (HGNCs) exhibited outstanding swelling-adsorption and sustained release (over 230 h) towards VE in vitro. It showed high encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity (79.10 and 16.04%, respectively). Additionally, the oral administration of VE-loaded HGNCs in rats resulted in a sustained increase of plasma VE levels over 12 h post-administration. The relative pharmacological bioavailability of VE was larger for VE-loaded HGNCs (reached to 7.5-fold increase) compared to free VE suspension. Keywords : Nanohydrogel; β-cyclodextrin; Soy soluble polysaccharide; Vitamin E; swelling; control release.
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolism of α -tocopherol derived from vitamin E-enriched transgenic maize (VER) and its effects on antioxidant and immune functions in broilers aged 1–42 days. A total of 360 1-day-old male broilers were randomly divided into three groups containing six replicates with 20 broilers per replicate. The negative control (NC) group and the positive control (PC) group were given non-GM maize and non-GM maize plus exogenous vitamin E (VE), respectively, and the VER group was given VER, replacing the non-GM maize given to the NC group. Between days 1 and 21 and days 22 and 42, VE levels were 4.38 and 4.63 mg kg −1 in the NC group, and 14.11 and 14.91 mg kg −1 in the PC and VER group, respectively. RESULTS The results showed that α -tocopherol from both VER and additives increased α -tocopherol transfer protein and cytochrome P450 concentrations. Serum α -tocopherol and α -tocopherylquinone levels of broilers in the PC and VER groups were also significantly higher than those in the NC group ( P < 0.05). Compared with the NC group, broilers in both groups that received α -tocopherol had reduced NF- κ B p65 concentrations, significantly decreased serum prostaglandin E 2 , interleukin-6, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide levels ( P < 0.05), and significantly increased glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In summary, both VER and non-GM maize fortified with exogenous VE showed similar effects on broilers, indicating that the α -tocopherol in VER has sufficient biological activity. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
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