Foods
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2022
·Vol. 11
·期 10
·1394
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IF 5.561
Wei Li,Wenxue Chen,Zhiyang Wang,Weijun Chen,Ming Zhang,Qiuping Zhong,Jianfei Pei,Haiming Chen
In this study, a system was designed that can encapsulate and deliver gallic acid (GA), which was composed of polysaccharide polymers based on sodium alginate (SA), carboxymethyl chitosan (CCT), and cellulose nanofibers (CN) and was assisted by porous starch. The compositions were characterized by rheology and zeta potentials, and the results showed that the materials used in this study could effectively guarantee the stability of the system. The morphology and chemical structure of the beads were characterized by SEM and FT-IR, the results indicated that the addition of CCT could effectively reduce the cracks and pores on the surface of the beads, which was beneficial to the encapsulation and delivery of GA. Moreover, the results of the swelling rate, release tests, and antioxidant tests also proved the effectiveness of the system. The pH response effect of SA/CN/CCT (SCC) beads and the protection of GA were superior, and the release rate of GA in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) was only 6.95%, while SA and SA/CN (SCN) beads reached 57.94% and 78.49%, respectively. In conclusion, the interpenetrating network polymers constructed by SA, CCT, and CN, which, combined with porous starch as a coating layer, can achieve the embedding and the delivery of GA.Keywords:porous starch;sodium alginate;cellulose nanofiber;carboxymethyl chitosan;gallic acid;small-intestine-targeted delivery
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2025
·
IF 8.5
Xuan Chen,Xinmiao Wang,Qian Wang,Dong Cai,Jinghan Yu,Dayong Zhou,Xiaoyang Liu,Fawen Yin
Corn starch inclusion complexes of alkyl gallates (typical phenololipid representatives), including stearyl gallate, dodecyl gallate, octyl gallate, and hexadecyl gallate, were synthesized by using a heat treatment method. Such inclusion complexes exhibited significantly improved two-step release properties for gallic acid. In other words, gallic acid was generated via the breakdown of alkyl gallates that were released from inclusion complexes in an everted rat intestinal sac model, as determined by HPLC-UV analysis. The produced gallic acid could subsequently pass through intestinal membranes. On the other hand, a glucose oxidase-peroxidase analysis revealed that starch inclusion complexes can slow down starch digestion by increasing the proportion of resistant starch (from 12.2 % to 14.5–30.8 %) and decreasing the proportion of rapidly digestible starch (from 51.2 % to 39.4–49.2 %). Importantly, the two-step release characteristics of gallic acid and the retardation behavior of starch digestion can be easily regulated by modifying the acyl carbon chain length.
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MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 5.1
Ming Yuan,Xiangwei Yuan,Yao Jin,Yingbo Shi,Zhirong Zou,Xiaoli Xiong
Gallic acid (GA) is a kind of polyhydroxyl phenolic compound, which has good antioxidant function and widely exists in plants, fruits, beverages and drugs. The quantitative detection of GA content is very important for the quality control of human health food and drugs. In this study, 2D (two-dimensional) Cu-benzenedicarboxylate (Cu-BDC) nanosheets are used as precursor to derive CuS nanoparticles embedded in porous carbon (CuS@C) with peroxidase-like activity, which can catalyze colorless 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H 2 O 2 , while the antioxidant GA can compete with TMB resulting in a concentration dependent color change in GA. Based on this competitive relationship, a colorimetric platform for GA detection is established with a linear range of 0.5–60 μM and a limit of detection of 0.19 μM under optimal conditions. The mechanism studies indicate that ·OH radicals are the primary active species. In addition, a smartphone-assisted GA quantitative detection mode is further constructed based on the RGB principle with a detection limit of 0.27 μM. The study offers a reliable method for the rapid visual detection of GA in the tea and health care products, and also provides a reference for the design of new nanozymes.
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Stem Cell Reviews and Reports
·
2022
·Vol. 18
·期 3
·1168-1180
·
IF 6.692
Wang Jin,Xiong Minghao,Sun Qihao,Tan Wen-Song,Cai Haibo
The existing approaches of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) expansion in vitro were difficult to meet the needs of clinical application. While in vivo, HSCs efficiently self-renew in niche where they interact with three dimension extracellular matrix and stromal cells. Osteoblasts (OBs) are one of most significant stromal cells of HSCs niche. Here, we proposed a three-dimensional environment based on gallic acid grafted-chitosan ( 2c ) scaffold and OBs differentiated from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) to recapitulate the main components of HSCs niche. The results of alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining demonstrated that HUMSCs were successfully induced into OBs. The results showed that the expansions of CD34 + cells, CD34 + CD38 − cells and CD34 + CD38 − CD45RA − CD49f + CD90 + cells (primitive hematopoietic stem cells, pHSCs) harvested from the biomimetic HSCs niche based on 2c scaffold and OBs ( IV) group were larger than those harvested from other three culture groups. Importantly, it was found that the CD34 + cells harvested from IV group had better secondary expansion capability and colony forming potential, indicating better self-renewal ability. In addition, the biomimetic HSCs niche based on 2c scaffold and OBs protected HSCs apoptosis and promoted HSCs division. Taken together, the biomimetic HSCs niche based on 2c scaffold and OBs was an effective strategy for ex vivo expansion of HSCs in clinical scale. Graphical abstract
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
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2025
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IF 5.6
Hao Zhou,Zhiwen Qi,Hongxia Chen,Xingying Xue,Lingyan Liu,Chengzhang Wang
In recent years, various antibiotic-resistant bacterial species have emerged, thereby complicating bacterial infection treatment. Hence, the development of nontraditional, multifunctional, cationic photodynamic antibacterial agents is imperative and valuable to inhibit normal and multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Here, by performing ring-opening reactions, we successfully synthesized an antibacterial polycation (EY-QEGDM-MG) based on gallic acid, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and eosin Y and enriched with various functional components, namely a photosensitizer, quaternary ammonium (QA), and hydroxyl species. Under light irradiation, the polymer inhibited the growth of both Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus because of the combined antibacterial activities of the photosensitizer and the QA group. Evaluation of the mechanism of the antibacterial effect revealed that the polymer binds to the bacterial cell surface and irreversibly damages the cell wall and membrane structure. Furthermore, the polymer also exhibited low cytotoxicity and good hemocompatibility. The antibacterial efficacy of the polymer was assessed in vivo on a rat wound infection model; the polymer showed sustainably enhanced therapeutic effects. Alterations in the levels of CD31-expressing cells and CD68 + macrophages and results of histological analyses validated that the polymer could inhibit bacterial infection in the mice model. The present study provides an efficient approach to develop an effective antimicrobial agent to reduce hospital-acquired bacterial infections.
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FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 4.6
Qiuying Li,Chenyang Jia,Jiaxing Sun,Tong Sun,Jianrong Li,Xuepeng Li
The strong spoilage capability and cold adaptability of Shewanella putrefaciens present a serious threat to the quality and safety of fish. This study aimed to investigate the synergic antibacterial effects of six phenolic acids (Gallic acid, GA; Caffeic acid, CA; Protocatechuic acid; Ferulic acid; Chlorogenic acid; p-Coumaric acid) in pairs against S . putrefaciens , and to illustrate the antibacterial mechanisms. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of 15 combinations of phenolic acids against S. putrefaciens ranged from 0.5-0.75, suggesting synergistic or partial synergistic antibacterial effects of these phenolic acids. Time-kill curves and morphologic observation demonstrated that GA and CA (GC) exhibited the strongest synergistic effect against S. putrefaciens . GC synergistically damaged the structure integrity of S. putrefaciens , leading to the leakage of intracellular substances and inhibiting the activity of Na + K + -ATPase and respiratory chain dehydrogenase. Both GA and CA could bind to DNA and cause changes in DNA content. Proteomics analysis revealed that 399 proteins were affected in the GC groups, a number significantly higher than that in the single GA and CA groups. GC inhibited dissimilatory nitrate and sulfate reduction, and enhanced fatty acid degradation and assimilatory sulfate reduction, which might cause the imbalance of energy supply and ROS accumulation. Meanwhile, the antioxidant-related enzymes, efflux systems and some two-components systems were upregulated, while chemotaxis were inhibited. GC synergistically inhibited S. putrefaciens in turbot, and retarded the spoilage process. The results revealed multi-targeted synergistic antibacterial mechanisms of GC against S. putrefaciens , suggesting GC might be a good strategy for controlling S. putrefaciens and fish spoilage.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 10.4
Lujia Zhang,Shenghong Yuan,Huibo Chu,Mengen Zhao,Qin Dai,Huanhuan Liu,Kefu Shi,Qingbin Guo,Xuanbo Liu,Qiaomei Zhu
Pea protein–arabic gum–gallic acid ternary particles were fabricated. • Lycopene-loaded Pickering emulsions were stabilized by ternary particles. • 0.25 mg/mL gallic acid strengthened interactions and particle assembly. • Encapsulation improved colloidal, thermal stability and lycopene bioaccessibility. A novel pea protein isolate nanoparticle-gum arabic-gallic acid (PPINs-AG-GA) ternary particle system was developed as a Pickering stabilizer for lycopene delivery. The effects of gallic acid (GA) concentration and oil volume fraction on particle structure, interfacial assembly, emulsion stability, and digestive behavior were systematically investigated. FTIR, fluorescence spectroscopy, and DSC demonstrated that GA enhanced hydrogen bonding, induced protein conformational rearrangement, strengthened intermolecular interactions, and improved thermal stability. At 0.25 mg/mL GA, Pickering emulsions exhibited the smallest droplet size (44.2 μm), highest interfacial adsorption efficiency (78.2%), encapsulation efficiency (96.7%), viscoelasticity, and thermal stability. Increasing the oil volume fraction (φ = 0.1–0.6) strengthened the gel network and enhanced emulsion stability. Although encapsulation improved lycopene bioaccessibility compared with bulk oil, higher GA concentrations or oil volume fractions suppressed lipid digestion and mixed micelle formation, reducing bioaccessibility. These findings provide a theoretical basis for designing protein-polysaccharide-polyphenol Pickering stabilizers for lipophilic bioactive delivery. Download: Download high-res image (276KB) Download: Download full-size image
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2021
·
IF 5.279
Yu-gang Shi,Chen-min Zhu,Dong-hui Li,Ze-yu Shi,Qing Gu,Yue-wen Chen,Jie-qian Wang,Rammile Ettelaie,Jian-She Chen
An excellent bactericidal effect of octyl gallate (OG)-mediated photodynamic inactivation (PDI) against foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) was evaluated in relation to the mode of action. UV-A irradiation (wavelength, 365 nm; irradiance, 8.254 ± 0.18 mW/cm2) of the bacterial suspension containing 0.15 mM OG could lead to a >5-log reduction of viable cell counts within 30 min for E. coli and only 5 min for S. aureus. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was considered the main reason for the bactericidal effect of OG + UV-A light treatment because toxic ROS induced by OG-mediated PDI could attack the cellular wall, proteins, and DNA of microbes. Moreover, the bactericidal effect, as well as the yields of ROS, depended on OG concentrations, irradiation time, and laser output power. Furthermore, we prepared an edible photodynamic antimicrobial membrane comprising electrospun cyclodextrin nanofibers (NFs) by embedding OG. The resultant OG/HPβCD NFs (273.6 μg/mL) under UV-A irradiation for 30 min (14.58 J/cm) could cause a great reduction (>5-log) of viable bacterial counts of E. coli. The in situ photodynamic antibacterial activity of OG/HPβCD NF-based packaging was evaluated during the Chinese giant salamander storage. Overall, this research highlights the dual functionalities (antibacterial and photodynamic properties) of OG as both an antibacterial agent and photosensitizer and the effectiveness of electrospun NFs containing OG as an active antibacterial packaging material for food preservation upon UV light illumination.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2023
·
IF 8.2
Yanan Liu,Jian Chen,Huan Li,Yanbo Wang
Active packaging has been recognized as an effective approach to extend the shelf life of food, but the rapid release of active substances limits the preservation effect. In this study, gallic acid (GA)-loaded ovalbumin (OVA)/chitosan (CS) nanoparticles with slow-release properties were prepared and embedded into the pectin matrix to refine the rapid release of GA in the pectin and elongate the shelf life of salmon fillets. Our results showed that GA could be released continuously from the OVA/CS nanoparticles. The pectin film incorporated with GA-loaded OVA/CS nanoparticles exhibited good light barrier and mechanical properties. The opacity value of the film reached 1.65 ± 0.06 UA/mm, and the tensile strength and elongation at break were 15.97 ± 1.55 MPa and 7.29 ± 0.42 %, respectively. In addition, the pectin film combined with GA-loaded OVA/CS nanoparticles showed improved antibacterial activity against two common biogenic amine-producing bacteria ( Morganella morganii and Escherichia coli ). Moreover, the nanocomposite film delayed salmon fillets' biogenic amine generation, and the shelf life was extended by 3 days compared with the control group. These promising properties supported using the GA-loaded OVA/CS nanoparticle- pectin films as preservation materials for fish.
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FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
·
2024
·
IF 11
Ke Zhang,Lai Jiang,Ru-Kang Chen,Yu Shi,Yu-Gang Shi,Yue-Wen Chen,Rammile Ettelaie,Ping Li
This study aims to construct a versatile film fabricated by gallic acid/octanoic acid-grafted-chitosan (GA/OA- g -CS) for high photodynamic antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy with blue light (BL, 420 nm) irradiation. First, the GA/OA- g -CS conjugates were synthesized by a green radical-induced grafting reaction in the redox system composed of ascorbic acid/hydroxyl peroxide (AA/H 2 O 2 ). Then, the molecular structural and physicochemical characteristics of the conjugates, as well as the mechanisms of the free radical grafting reaction were further studied. Ascorbate radical ( Asc • − ) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) were produced in the AA/H 2 O 2 system, and •OH reacted with CS to produce CS macro-radicals (•CS). UV–vis, Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that GA/OA was attached onto CS through •OH. Notably, the films constructed by GA/OA- g -CS exhibited robust multi-modal functionalities, including intriguing bacteria-capturing and contact-killing, as well as BL-driven photodynamic sterilization, ascribed to the inherent merits based on the massive photoactive GA, hydrophobic and high membrane affinity of OA within the CS chains. As a result, the GA/OA- g -CS (2:1) film plus BL irradiation can efficiently eradicate Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and their biofilms. After BL irradiation for 30 min, the GA/OA- g -CS (2:1) film showed a reduction of 5.2 Log CFU/mL against E. coli . More importantly, the film with BL irradiation can efficiently not only inhibit the formation of biofilms but also jeopardize the matured biofilms. This research provides a potential platform and promises for applications in active and intelligent food packaging.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2023
·
IF 8.8
Junxue Liu,Wenyan Ma,Yufei Wang,Qinfen Gu,Qinhe Pan,Siyu Zong,Minghao Qin,Jiyang Li
Monitoring of gallic acid (GA) in food and biothiols in humans is crucial for body health. Nanozyme-mediated colorimetric strategy for evaluating them has been widely applied nowadays, however, the inferior efficient and susceptible single-signal recognition limit its further application. Herein, a sensitive biosensor was first constructed for bimodal detection of GA and biothiols based on CDs@MIL-53(Fe)-NO 2 , prepared through a facile and time-saving microwave treatment. Benefiting from the excellent fluorescent and electron transfer properties of CDs, CDs@MIL-53(Fe)-NO 2 exhibited significant enhanced blue fluorescence and oxidase-like activity, which could oxide colorless 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine without H 2 O 2 , and the blue product could quench the fluorescence of composite. The dual-mode assay based on such bifunctional nanozyme showed an extremely sensitivity towards GA/ l -cysteine/homocysteine with the detection limit of 62/65/124 nM and 17/16/27 nM in colorimetric/fluorescent modes, respectively. The practicability in real samples and portability based on a smartphone of the analysis has been investigated with reliable results.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 10.4
Xu Guo,Qian Wang,Dong Cai,Xinmiao Wang,Jinghan Yu,Dayong Zhou,Fawen Yin
Antarctic krill phospholipids were complexed with alkyl gallates of varying chain lengths. • Complexation via hydrogen bonding was confirmed by docking, FTIR, UV, and NMR. • Hydrolysis rates increased with chain length; intact ester transport showed inverse trend. • Phospholipid complexes reduced both hydrolysis and transport, confirming sustained release. • Strong hydrolysis-transport correlation identified hydrolysis as rate-limiting for absorption. To investigate the value-added potential of Antarctic krill phospholipids for sustained polyphenol delivery, we prepared phospholipid complexes of alkyl gallates with varying chain lengths (methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl) and characterized them via molecular docking, spectroscopy, and rheology. A dual-release mechanism is proposed, involving two sequential stages: the putative dissociation of alkyl gallates from the phospholipid matrix, and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of the ester bond by intestinal lipases. Using everted rat intestinal sac model with HPLC-UV, we systematically evaluated hydrolysis and transport kinetics. Results showed that alkyl chain length significantly modulated hydrolysis rates (increasing with chain length) and intact ester transport (decreasing with chain length). The uniformly reduced hydrolysis and transport rates upon complexation are consistent with the presence of a dissociation step that may act as a sustained-release reservoir. The kinetic parameters for both hydrolysis and transport showed strong linear correlations with chain length, enabling quantitative prediction of release behavior. Download: Download high-res image (300KB) Download: Download full-size image
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