Energy & Environmental Science
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2025
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IF 30.8
Hongyu Qin,Ao Liu,Kefeng Ouyang,Sheng Chen,Shubing Wei,Yan Huang
Sluggish diffusion rate and exceptionally uneven distribution of Zn2+ at the electrode/electrolyte interface under high depth of discharge (DOD) severely limits the advancement of high-energy-density Zn metal batteries (ZMBs). Herein, a hydrated eutectic colloidal electrolyte based on two-dimensional transition metal boride, Mo4/3B2T2 MBene (where T represents -OH and -F), is developed. The good Zn²⁺ affinity of terminal groups of MBene promotes ion diffusion, thus achieves a high Zn²⁺ transference number of 0.91, which significantly enhances and balances the ion concentration at the Zn anode surface, improving the Zn deposition dynamics. As a result, Zn anode with ultrathin thickness of 10 μm demonstrates 900 h of cyclability under ultrahigh DOD of 90%. Additionally, the enlarged Zn||Zn pouch cell with a scale of 10×10 cm2 shows a stable cyclic performance for 500 h at 60% DOD, meanwhile the constructed 2 Ah four-electron Zn||I2 pouch battery delivers an energy density of 158.5 Wh L−1 under the same condition. This work provides a new guideline for the development of high-DOD metal anodes and high-energy-density metal batteries.
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
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2025
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IF 19
Jianhua Xiao,Yang Wang,Huiling Tai,Yadong Jiang,Lijun Tang
The solution-processing technology of organic photodiodes (OPDs) stands as a core advantage distinguishing them from conventional silicon-based devices, offering several design opportunities for macroscopic structural innovations such as special-shaped, large-area, and flexible architectures. The anode interface layer (AIL), an indispensable component in OPD, is highly desired for processing techniques and physicochemical compatibility to meet the demands of high-performance devices. However, viable alternatives to the commercial material PEDOT:PSS remain scarce, with the narrow selection pool of solution-processed AIL materials. Here, a novel solution-processed organic–inorganic hybrid AIL (D149:Cu) is developed with tunable physicochemical properties, which combines the stability/high carrier mobility of inorganic components with the biocompatibility/flexibility of organic counterparts. The D149:Cu layer optimizes interfacial contact and energy level alignment, effectively enhancing photo-generated hole transport while suppressing dark-state electron injection from external circuit, thereby enabling OPDs with lower dark current (4.96 × 10 −9 vs 1.19 × 10 −7 A cm −2 ) and higher specific detectivity (9.09 × 10 12 vs 1.62 × 10 12 Jones) compared to PEDOT:PSS counterparts. Moreover, flexible D149:Cu-based OPD (≈51 µm-thick) is demonstrated, showing exceptional operational stability under mechanical flexing of 1500 bending cycles. This work alleviates the selection limitations of AILs in optoelectronic devices.
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COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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2025
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IF 1.5
Wenke Zhang,Jianzhong Liu,Huanhuan Gao,Haitian Gong
To investigate the detailed combustion processes of solid propellant components near the burning surface, this study develops a microscopic ignition and combustion experimental method and establishes a corresponding test system. A high-power microscope and image sensor are employed to continuously record the ignition and combustion of thin-film solid propellants (TFSP, AP/HTPB/Al). By integrating existing theories with image processing techniques, the combustion behavior of AP, Al, and the TFSP as a whole is analyzed in detail. A refined combustion surface model is constructed based on decomposition results, offering theoretical support for ignition combustion modeling and its integration with agglomeration models. Quantitative analysis reveals that reducing AP particle size in TFSP significantly enhances burning rate and combustion surface irregularity. This approach enables the observation of finer combustion behaviors and provides a novel perspective for solid propellant ignition and combustion research.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 13.2
Yun-Fan Yan,Yu Shang,Ming-Yu Guo,Shao-Li Chen,Meng Cui,Zhi-Hong Yu,Wei-Xiong Zhang,Xiao-Ming Chen
Perovskite-type (ABX 3 ) oxidizer-fuel-integrated structures have been employed as a reliable platform for one-pot non-covalent assembly of emerging multi-ionic integrated explosives (MIXs) directly from non-energetic organics. Exploring non-perovskite structures to overcome the stoichiometric bottleneck is critical for unlocking design flexibility of these emerging materials, yet remains challenging without guiding principles. Herein, we propose a “interpenetrating dual networks” strategy to design a groundbreaking MIX, (H 2 eda) 2 (NH 4 )(ClO 4 ) 5 (EAP-4, H 2 eda 2+ = ethane-1,2-diaminium). In EAP-4, a scheelite-type network, where NH 4 + and ClO 4 − occupy special positions, interpenetrates with its fluorite-type counterpart (H 2 eda 2+ and the remaining ClO 4 − ions), forming a non-perovskite I 4 1 / a structure. This unique structural feature endows EAP-4 with exceptional positive oxygen balance based on CO 2 (+6.3 %, surpassing all known energetic perovskites), high synthesis efficiency (achieving over 70 % yield within 10 mins), and a high crystal density of 1.912 g·cm −3 . This innovative design establishes EAP-4 as a dual-function material: (1) an explosive with superior synthesis scalability and higher detonation capability than the widely used military explosive cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX); (2) a solid oxidizer with 24.5-fold higher thermal decomposition efficiency and significantly greater aluminum reactivity compared to the benchmark oxidizer ammonium perchlorate (AP). This work not only provides a non-perovskite paradigm for tuning energetic materials but also facilitates the systematic development of multi-ionic hybrid materials.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 13.2
Mengran Li,Jialing Gu,Qinke Tang,Jiabao Bai,Bin Cui,Ruoyu Ma,Yunfeng Zhu,Rui Shi,Yao Zhang,Jiguang Zhang,Yana Liu,Jun Wang,Zhixin Ba,Xiaohui Hu
Magnesium hydride (MgH 2 ) is a highly promising solid-state hydrogen storage material, but its application is hindered by sluggish kinetics and high operating temperatures. Currently, alloying and catalysis are effective strategies for improving the hydrogen storage performance of MgH 2 , but the designing of a hydrogen ab/desorption system which synergistically combines them remains a challenge. Herein, Mg Al solid solution and intermetallic compounds (Al species), and a spherical Nb-doped TiO 2 (Nb-TiO 2 ) were introduced into Mg/MgH 2 to enhance the hydrogen storage performance. Al species significantly enhanced the dehydrogenation thermodynamics of Mg 90 Al 10 - 15 at.% Nb-TiO 2 , while improving the hydrogen ab/desorption kinetics of the composite synergistically with the Nb-TiO 2 . Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the synergism of Al species and Nb-TiO 2 led to preferential adsorption of H atoms at the interfaces of Nb-TiO 2 and Mg 17 Al 12 , with abundant electron transfer. The dehydrogenation enthalpy ( ΔH ) of Mg 90 Al 10 - 15 at.% Nb-TiO 2 decreased from 80.86 (MgH 2 ) to 69.05 kJ/mol, while its hydrogen desorption apparent activation energy ( E a ) decreased from 146.40 (MgH 2 ) to 88.80 kJ/mol simultaneously. The composite could absorb 4.70 wt% H 2 within 2000 s at 200 °C and showed a dehydrogenation onset temperature of 209 °C. This work reveals a synergistic effect between alloying and catalysis, advancing both the performance enhancement strategies and the mechanistic understanding of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials.
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SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
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2025
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IF 6.3
Shuhui Chen,Jinjie Mo,Ziye Ling,Zhengguo Zhang,Xiaoming Fang
The propensity for leaks in high-temperature molten alloys greatly restricts their extensive use in storing high-temperature thermal energy. In tackling this matter, the research concentrates on Al-Si/AlN composite phase change materials (PCMs), incorporating the modifier Sb to significantly improve their heat conduction and thermal steadiness. The results reveal that incorporating Sb alters the Si phase from a bulk form to an elongated one, simultaneously triggering the creation of an Al-Si@Al 2 O 3 core-shell configuration. This structural optimization reduces free electron scattering and extends the mean free path of electrons, thereby improving the thermal conductivity of the material. It was established that the ideal fraction of Sb mass is 0.6 %, where the thermal conductivity of the Sb-altered Al-Si/AlN composite PCMs attains 49.5 W/(m·K), marking a 15.2 % enhancement over the original Al-Si/AlN composite PCMs, with a latent heat of 351.5 kJ/kg. Additionally, the creation of the Al 2 O 3 shell led to the altered materials showing remarkable thermal stability across 200 high-temperature thermal cycles, resulting in less than a 4 % decrease in latent heat post-cycle and no leakage detected. The study offers not just an innovative approach for creating advanced Al-Si/AlN composite PCMs but also broadens their use in storing thermal energy at high temperatures.
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CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
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2025
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IF 3.7
Tingting Ma,Junjian Xie,Hui Li,Kaixin Wei,Zhibin Xu,Zihui Meng,Xiu-Tian-feng E
Fluorine-containing compounds have proven to be effective coating materials for enhancing the combustion efficiency of aluminum micro-particles (Al MPs). However, these compounds are usually low-energy polymeric materials, which may inevitably diminish the overall energy density of propellants or explosives. This study introduces a two-step coating strategy using fluorinated energetic small-molecule 2-NCF to coat Al MPs, employing FeCl 3 as an intermediate layer. Compared to pristine Al MPs, 2-NCF coated Al MPs can reduce the ignition delay from 36 ms to 3 ms and shorten the time to maximum flame area from 551 ms to 114 ms, accompanied by intensified sparking combustion. Thermal analyses demonstrate that the energetic 2-NCF induces localized micro-explosions to disrupt the alumina shell, and the fluorinated segments produced by 2-NCF react with the aluminum, followed by β -AlF 3 to α -AlF 3 phase evolution, which sustains oxygen penetration for complete aluminum core oxidation to release more energy. The 2-NCF coating concurrently enhances hydrophobicity of Al MPs, elevating contact angles from 0° to 120°. This coating can effectively block water penetration and prevent hydrolysis of the inner aluminum during long storage. This work demonstrates the potential of 2-NCF as an excellent high-energetic coating material to enhance the combustion and hydrophobic performance of aluminum powder.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2025
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IF 6.3
Yaqi He,Xinhua Li,Zhu Qian,ZuPeng Yan,Guizhen Shi,Xia Sun,Zongqing Ma
In this paper, we innovatively introduced Sn and B into the Nb-Al system at the same time and successfully prepared high-performance Nb 3 Al bulks through mechanical alloying and subsequent low-temperature sintering processes. The influence of different doping amounts of B in the Sn-B co-doping on the superconducting properties of Nb 3 Al superconductors was also investigated. It was found that Sn-B co-doping greatly improves the superconducting properties of Nb 3 Al, especially the J c properties, compared with the undoped sample. The optimal doping amount of Sn-B co-doping is finally determined to be 4 at% Sn-2.6 at% B. At this time, the superconducting transition temperature of Nb 3 Al is up to 16.2 K, and the critical current density reaches up to 1.3 × 10 5 A⋅cm −2 (4.2 K, 5 T), which is almost twice higher than that of Sn-doped Nb 3 Al, and one order of magnitude higher than that of general undoped Nb 3 Al. Combined with the phase composition analysis and microstructure observation, we find that with the co-doping of Sn and B, the grain size of Nb 3 Al is refined, and the diffusely distributed Nb 2 Al nanoparticles are introduced, which greatly enhance the magnetic flux pinning effect of Nb 3 Al. Secondly, the intergranular connectivity of Nb 3 Al is significantly improved. The Sn-B co-doped Nb 3 Al superconductors combine the advantages of Sn doping to enhance flux pinning and B doping to improve intergranular connectivity, which synergistically promotes the dramatic improvement of Nb 3 Al superconductivity Nb 3 Al.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2025
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IF 6.3
Peibo Li,Guoqiang Luo,Guinan Zhao,Huawu Liu,Yi Sun,Qiang Shen
Al powder is prone to oxidation, which can introduce impurities in powder metallurgy. In this study, Al 2 O 3 nanonetworks were obtained by destroying the oxide layer through Paulse Activated Sintering (PAS). The network and the nano-precipitation enhance the mechanical properties of Al-Cu-O composites. TEM analysis revealed the formation of CuAl 2 and an Al 2 O 3 network at the grain boundaries. The current facilitated the modulation of the intermetallic compound size and the fragmentation of the oxide layer. The current-induced discharge at the particle interfaces generated localized heating. Higher temperature effectively disrupts the oxide layer. The Al 2 O 3 network improved the fracture toughness of the Al-Cu-O composites by passivating crack propagation. Simultaneously, the current reduced the nucleation barrier for precipitation by promoting directional atomic migration. Uniformly dispersed nano-precipitates are conducive to the improvement of strength. This study provides new insights into oxidation-related challenges in Al powder.
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Journal of Energetic Materials
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2025
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IF 1.9
Xueqian Wan,Jiaming Gao,Fuding Sun,Chongchong She,Jingbo Li,Baolong Fan,Kun Chen
Aluminum readily undergoes oxidation under ambient conditions, forming a dense Al2O3 surface layer that retards the energy release by oxidation. To enhance the energy release of aluminum powder oxidation, this study focused on the preparation of liquid metal (LM) mediated thermite (LM-Al@oxide) by combining the aluminum powder with the nanosized metal oxides. The thermal properties of thermite and its catalytic effects on the thermal decomposition of dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Specifically, WO3 and Fe2O3 significantly reduced the onset oxidation temperature of aluminum to near its melting point. Upon incorporating LM-Al@oxide composites, both the peak decomposition temperature and activation energy of TKX-50 decreased. Among them, LM-Al@Fe2O3 exhibited optimal catalytic activity for TKX-50 decomposition, reducing its peak decomposition temperature (Tp1) and mean apparent activation energy (Ea) by 24.5°C and 59.0 kJ·mol−1, respectively, which could be attributed to electron acceptance from TKX-50 through Lewis acid sites in the oxides, thereby lowering the decomposition energy barrier.
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Chinese Physics B
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2025
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IF 1.5
Wenxia Zhang,Weixia Shen,Chao Fang,Ye Wang,Yuewen Zhang,Liangchao Chen,Qianqian Wang,Kenan Li,Biao Wan,Zhuangfei Zhang
Improving the thermal conductivity of diamond-metal composites has always been a significant challenge in the field of thermal management. In this paper, diamond/Al composites were systematically studied, and the influence of holding time (10-120 min) on interface structure and thermal conductivity was discussed. The research results shows that the long-term thermal diffusion sintering can effectively the dense interfacial bonding of diamond/Al composites and enhance the thermal conductivity. The diamond/Al composites with 50 vol% 900 μm diamond attained the highest value of 888.73 W/mK under the sintering conditions of 650 ℃, 50 MPa, and 120 min, nearly 92% of the theoretical value predicted by the Maxwell model. This study establishes that high thermal conductivity can be achieved through long-term thermal diffusion alone, without the complex diamond surface coating and substrate alloying.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
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2025
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IF 4.6
Taotao Cai,Ying Zhang,Shili Zheng,Longkai Liu,Yi Zhang,Bin Yu
V Al master alloys are essential raw materials for producing high-quality titanium alloys, which are generally produced by aluminothermic reduction, metal-slag gravitational separation method. The conventional way faces the challenges of excessively high reaction temperatures, metallic inclusions in slag, and difficulties in fabricating higher-Al-content alloy in one step. To conquer these issues, this research has reported a new method to precisely fabricate V Al master alloy with a designated composition, which is an aluminum reduction coupled with an acid leaching process. The reduction byproduct of weak-acid-soluble calcium aluminate, the critical parameters for Al reduction, and the reaction routes are determined. This research has demonstrated that various V Al master alloys (expressed as AlV x ) are successfully prepared by heating the optimal mixture of V 2 O 3 + (2 + 2 x -)/ x Al + 2.0CaO + 1.35CaCl 2 (in molar ratio) at 1000 °C for 5 h in Ar and pickling the reduction material using HCl acid with pH controlled at 1.2. Oxygen in 6Al4V, 4Al6V, and 2Al8V alloy powders are 400 ppm, 500–700 ppm, and 1800–2000 ppm, respectively. The 4Al6V powder produced by this reported method is compared with the commercial one, with comparable phase and chemical compositions but with finer sizes preferred in powder metallurgy sintering. The main reactions or phase changes that happen during heating include stepwise removal of surface and crystalline water from CaCl 2 , melting of Al, reaction between V 2 O 3 and CaO, melting of CaO-CaCl 2 binary compound, and Al reduction reaction. The method developed in this study can also be used to prepare other alloys, such as Ti Al and Ti Fe alloy powders.
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