ChemSusChem
·
2017
·Vol. 10
·期 23
·4715-4724
·
IF 7.226
Wenda Hu,Yan Wan,Lili Zhu,Xiaojie Cheng,Shaolong Wan,Jingdong Lin,Yong Wang
Graphical Mal to Mol and Dal ! Methylallyl alcohol and diethyl acetal are synthesized from methacrolein by using different Sn-modified Beta zeolites (Sn-β) as catalysts. The Sn-β precalcined in Ar followed by sodium-exchange exhibited the highest selectivity toward the desired products. The possible reaction pathways of the reaction between α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and primary alcohols were investigated and proposed. A new strategy was developed to simultaneously produce two important chemicals, namely, methallyl alcohol (Mol) and diethyl acetal (Dal) from methacrolein in ethanol solvent at low temperature with the use of Beta zeolites modified by tin (Sn-β catalysts). All the Sn-β catalysts were prepared by the solid-state ion-exchange method, wherein the calcination step was conducted under different gas atmospheres. The catalyst precalcined in Ar (Sn-β-Ar) had a reduced number of extra-framework Sn species and enabled more Sn species to be exchanged into the framework as isolated tetrahedral Sn IV , enhancing the catalytic activity of the Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley (MPV) reaction. The sodium-exchanged Sn-β-Ar, with a reduced number of weak Brønsted acid sites, led to an even better selectivity for Mol, owing to the restriction of the side reactions such as acetalization, addition, and etherification. Under optimized catalyst and reaction conditions, the yield of Mol and Dal reached approximately 90 % and 96 %, respectively. The possible reaction pathways, along with a complex network of side products, was proposed after a detailed investigation through the use of different substrates as reactants. The fine-tuning of Sn-β catalysts through different treatments discussed in this work is of great significance toward the understanding and manipulation of complex reactions between α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and primary alcohols.
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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
·
2014
·Vol. 43
·期 6
·2435-2439
·
IF 1.675
Tan Qing,Li Jing-Feng
To study the possibility of SnS as an earth-abundant and environmentally friendly thermoelectric material, the electrical and thermal transport properties of bulk materials prepared by combining mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering were investigated. It was revealed that SnS has potential as a good thermoelectric material, benefiting from its intrinsically low thermal conductivity below 1.0 W/m/K above 400 K and its high Seebeck coefficient over 500 μ V/K. Although the highest ZT value was 0.16 at 823 K in the pristine sample, further enhancement can be expected through chemical doping to increase the electrical conductivity. It was also revealed that changing the stoichiometric ratio and sintering temperature had less apparent influence on the microstructure and thermoelectric properties of SnS because redundant S in the powders decomposed during the sintering process.
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JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2014
·Vol. 73
·期 2
·299-305
·
IF 1.547
Wang Zhen-Zhen,Zhai Shang-Ru,Zhang Feng,Xiao Zuo-Yi,Zhai Bin,An Qing-Da
This work presented a novel, facile, cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach for the preparation of magnetic core–shell structured catalyst i.e. Fe 3 O 4 @SN–Ag (abbreviation of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 –NH 2 –Ag). During the process of preparation, Ag nanoparticles were in situ generated with amino groups in the surface of Fe 3 O 4 @SN serving as green reductant and stabilizer in the absence of any additional toxic reductant or organic reagent. Magnetic core, Fe 3 O 4 , was easily prepared through solvothermal method. The subsequent coating and surface amino functionalization of SiO 2 was accomplished via one-pot sol–gel method, which was green and time-saving. What’s more, the resulting catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic property (the reaction was finished within 2 min) and reusability (reused at least seven times) in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol.
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RSC Advances
·
2015
·Vol. 6
·期 1
·409-421
·
IF 3.84
Ayyakannu Sundaram Ganeshraja,Subramani Thirumurugan,Kanniah Rajkumar,Kaixin Zhu,Yanjie Wang,Krishnamoorthy Anbalagan,Junhu Wang
The structural, electronic, magnetic and photocatalytic properties of Sn doped TiO2 diluted magnetic semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by a simple hydrothermal method were systematically investigated by various conventional techniques and 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy. Anatase, mixed (anatase–rutile) and rutile phases of Sn–TiO2 NPs were obtained by adding different amounts of SnCl4 into a titanium nitrate aqueous solution. Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange and phenol derivatives (RPhOH) were studied under visible and UV light irradiation in water, respectively. The photocatalytic activities of prepared NPs were found to be drastically related to the structural, optical and ferromagnetic properties. A significant relationship was observed between the Hammett substitution constants of RPhOH and the photocatalytic activity. Among all the samples, the anatase phase with low Sn content performed with the best photocatalytic and ferromagnetic characteristics at room temperature.
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MOLECULES
·
2025
·Vol. 30
·期 7
·1457
·
IF 4.6
Fenfen Guo,Yuxuan Wang,Zhicheng Jiang,Youjing Tu,Ruikai Li,Xingyu Zhang,Aoyi Tang,Yuan Liang,Lishi Yan,Hu Luo,Shenggang Li,Lingzhao Kong
The catalytic production of lactic acid from carbohydrates was considered a green way to efficiently utilize renewable biomass resources. In this study, an easy post-synthesis method was used to prepare a Sn-Beta catalyst for the production of lactic acid from glucose at 180 °C, 2 MPa, and 30 min. With optimized reaction time, temperature, pressure, and the ratio of raw material to catalyst, the yield of lactic acid reached an astonishingly high level of 76.0%. In addition, the catalyst characterizations were performed in-depth, revealing the intrinsic relationship between catalyst performance and structure, proving that the 2 wt% Sn was uniformly dispersed in the skeleton of Beta zeolite, which significantly increased the density of Lewis acid. Thus, the enhanced isomerization and retro-aldol condensation processes over the Lewis acid sites led to the high yield of lactic acid. This catalytic system kept stable after five cycles at mild conditions, showing high potential for industrial biomass utilization.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2025
·
IF 5.4
Yulan Xu,Minxian Wu,Xinlei Cheng,Shiying Wang,Dan Wang,Wenchang Wang,Naotoshi Mitsuzaki,Zhidong Chen
Gallium-based liquid metals are considered as promising catalysts for electrochemical CO 2 reduction due to their ability to effectively prevent the adhesion of byproduct carbon, which leads to the deactivation of electrode materials. In order to increase the specific area of liquid alloys, Ga-Sn thin liquid films were electrodeposited from a deep eutectic solvent composed of acetamide and dimethyl sulfone. Electrodeposition of Ga-Sn thin films with varying compositions that follow normal deposition behavior achieved, resulting in Sn rich in overall composition. To obtain Ga-rich thin liquid films, a straight forward and efficient two-step electrodeposition approach was employed. A layer of Ga thin film was firstly electrodeposited on the substrate, followed by electrodepositing a Sn layer. The prepared Ga-Sn thin films were applied for electrochemical reduction of CO 2 in a CO 2 -saturated 0.1 M KHCO 3 solution. Ga-Sn alloy with 91.6 at% Ga was in the liquid state at 25℃ and showed an excellent performance in reduction CO 2 to formate. The Faradaic efficiency reached 80 % and the partial current density was 46 mA cm −2 .
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
·
2024
·Vol. 35
·期 29
·1-10
·
IF 2.8
Guo Jiao,Zhang Yin,Zhang Yakun,Shu Rui,Zhang Wei,Chen Aimin,Liu Pengfei,Wang Yuanyuan
The increasing amount of dye wastewater presented significant environmental and public health concerns, underscoring the urgent need to develop an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable approach to wastewater treatment. Photocatalytic technology is an ideal candidate for wastewater treatment due to its low pollution, high efficiency, and easy operation. In this work, a series of Sn-doped MgIn 2 S 4 photocatalysts were successfully prepared via the hydrothermal method. The 60%Sn–MgIn 2 S 4 showed the best photocatalytic activity, with a degradation rate of 62.5% for methyl orange (MO) over a 60-min driven by visible light. 60%Sn–MgIn 2 S 4 exhibited ideal stability, retaining 85% of its original degradation rate after four cycles of testing. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy suggested that the 60%Sn–MgIn 2 S 4 possessed the ideal photogenerated charge migration rates. In addition, the photocatalytic active species-capture experiments showed that · O 2 – and · OH were the main active species for the photocatalytic degradation of MO over 60%Sn–MgIn 2 S 4 . This research provided a significant foundation for the development of MgIn 2 S 4 -based photocatalytic materials.
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MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 4.9
Xiao Jin,Min Zheng
In view of the important influence of Sn 4+ and ascorbic acid (AA) on environmental pollution and human health, the establishment of an effective method to achieve rapid and highly sensitive detection is urgently needed. Herein, orange fluorescent (FL) carbon dots (CDs) were successfully prepared from 1,2,4,5-benzenetetramine tetrahydrochloride and thiourea via solvothermal approach. CDs can serve as FL sensors for detecting Sn 4+ and AA, the detection limit is 0.13 and 0.41 μM, respectively, through a signal on–off–on mode. Furthermore, the practicability of CDs nanoprobes is validated by the successful identification of Sn 4+ and AA in live cells, real water samples and medicine. The present work comfirms the feasibility of employing CDs as FL probes to effectively and selectively detect Sn 4+ and AA, which presents a potential approach for on-site detection of Sn 4+ and AA in various environment and biological systems with exceptional sensitivity.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Zhaoxiang Qi,Jianzhao Cao,Zhenwu Zhong,Ying Qi,Peng Wei,Yahong Xie
Developing efficient electrocatalysts suitable for oilfield wastewater is considered the most crucial aspect of advancing photoelectrochemical water splitting for hydrogen production in arid regions. In this work, Sn-doped cobalt iron hydroxide (SnCoFe-LDH/NF) with a nanoarray structure was successfully prepared in situ on nickel foam using a simple electrodeposition method. The catalyst exhibits high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity in 1.0 mol L −1 KOH, requiring only an overpotential of 239 mV to provide a current density of 10 mA cm −2 , with a Tafel slope as low as 37.8 mV dec −1 . More importantly, it also maintains excellent electrocatalytic activity in 1.0 mol L −1 KOH+oilfield wastewater. The enhancement of electrocatalysis performance can be attributed to the incorporation of Sn ions and layered structure of hydroxide, which increases the inherent activity of the materials, speeds up the kinetics, and improves the synergy between the hydroxides. This study proposes a simple and efficient strategy to prepare cheap and efficient electrocatalysts operating in complex water systems.
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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
·
2024
·Vol. 54
·期 1
·634-646
·
IF 2.2
Liu Xinyu,Li Mingzhao,Shi Chonghua,Wang Jing,Yao Shaowei
Sodium-ion batteries are considered promising for large-scale energy storage due to their abundance. Therefore, it is crucial to develop stable anode materials with high specific capacity. SnO 2 was coated with Zn/Co-zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) by using the solvothermal method to obtain SnO 2 @Zn/Co-ZIFs. Then, Sn@Zn/Co-NPC (N-doped porous carbon) was obtained through heat treatment in an inert atmosphere. In this material, Sn provides a higher capacity, while Zn/Co-NPC not only can provide part of the capacity and increase the conductivity of the material, but also helps alleviate the volume expansion of Sn during the charge and discharge process. Therefore, the effect of the amount of Sn on the electrochemical properties of the materials was investigated by varying the addition of SnO 2 . The results show that the 50Sn@Zn/Co-NPC electrode material retains a discharge specific capacity of 334.90 mAh g −1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g −1 current density. After 200 cycles at 500 mA g −1 current density, 50Sn@Zn/Co-NPC electrode material still has 275.80 mAh g −1 discharge specific capacity. The 50Sn@Zn/Co-NPC electrode material has excellent electrochemical properties. Therefore, this paper provides a reference for the design of stable, long-cycle, and low-cost anode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 4.3
Xiaowei Liu,Kailei Li,Wei Shao,Wei Shen,Ming Li,Lei Zhou,Rongxing He
Low-dimensional hybrid metal halides are an emerging class of materials with highly efficient photoluminescence (PL), but the problems of poor stability remain challenging. Sn(IV)-based metal halides show robust structure but exhibit poor PL properties, and the structure–luminescence relationship is elusive. Herein, two Sn(IV)-based metal halides (compounds 1 and 2) with the same constituent ((C6H16N2)SnCl6) but different crystal structures have been prepared, which however show poor PL properties at room temperature due to the absence of active ns2 electrons. To improve materials’ PL properties, Sb3+ with active 5s2 electrons was embedded into the lattice of Sn4+-based hosts. As a result, efficient emissions were achieved for Sb3+-doped compounds 1 and 2 with a maximum PL efficiency of 14.28 and 62%, respectively. Experimental and calculation results reveal that the smaller distorted lattice structure of the host could result in the blueshift of the emission from Sb3+. Thus, a tunable color from red to orange was realized. Benefiting from the broadband efficient emission from Sb3+-doped compound 2, an efficient white light-emitting diode with a high color rendering index of up to 92.3 was fabricated to demonstrate its lighting application potential. This work promotes the understanding of the influence of robust Sn(IV)-based host lattice on the PL properties of Sb3+, advancing the development of environmentally friendly, low-cost, and high-efficiency Sn(IV)-based metal halides.
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ACS Omega
·
2024
·
IF 3.7
Ruonan Yao,Jiawei Lin,Kunjie Liu,Yuanchang Xu,Boyi Xiao,Jing Zhao,Zhongnan Guo,Quanlin Liu,Wenxia Yuan
Low-dimensional tin-based halide perovskites are considered as eco-friendly substitutions of the iconic lead-based perovskites to host the potential as optoelectronic materials. However, a fundamental understanding of the structure–property relationship of these Sn(II)-based hybrids is still inadequate due to the limited members of this material family. To our knowledge, there is still lack of reports on a series of Sn(II)-based halide perovskites with the same organic cation but covering chloride, bromide, and iodide. In this work, three new halide perovskites TMPDASnX4 (X = Cl, Br, I) (TMPDA = N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine) are successfully synthesized, which provide the ideal paradigm to study the halogen-dependent evolution of the structure and properties of Sn(II)-based hybrid perovskites. Despite sharing the same monoclinic lattice (P21/m space group), it is demonstrated that TMPDASnCl4 adopts a one-dimensional structure composed of a five-coordinated pyramid configuration due to an extremely long Sn···Cl distance, while the typical two-dimensional motif is still maintained in TMPDASnBr4 and TMPDASnI4. The ambient stability is declined in the order from chloride to bromide and then to iodide. TMPDASnCl4 exhibits a broad-band bluish-white-light emission (centered at 515 nm, full width at half-maximum (fwhm) = 193 nm) with the Commission Internationale de l′ Elairage (CIE) coordinates as (0.29, 0.34). Further, the correlated color temperature and color-rendering index were determined as 7617 K and 80.5, respectively. Based on the synthesis of new crystals, our work sheds light on the composition–structure–property relationship of hybrid Sn(II)-based halide perovskites.
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