POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 3.2
Zhanpeng Jiang,Zeqi Cheng,Chuanpeng Li,Jiuyin Pang
Since commercially available metal ion antifungal agents face the problems of polluting the environment and endangering human health, the development of environmentally friendly antifungal agents has become a top priority. Xylan nanoparticles with an average particle size of 500 nm were extracted from a biomass resource, corn kernel, by secondary alkali treatment. Hyperbranched polymers with terminal hydroxyl groups (HBP-OH) were synthesized using maleic anhydride and diethanolamine in a “one-step melting method”. New reactive functional groups were introduced on the hydroxyl group of HBP-OH by a quaternization reaction. The successful preparation of the quaternary ammonium cationic hyperbranched polymer (HBP-L) was demonstrated by IR and 1 HNMR. Cross-linking of HBP-L with xylan nanoparticles via glutaraldehyde conferred new antifungal properties to the xylan nanoparticles. Infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectroscopy proved the attachment of the polymer to the nanoparticles. The synthesized antifungal agent showed class I inhibition of both fungi, with weight loss reduced to 5%. The innovative application of modified nano-xylan in wood provides new ideas for the commercialization of polysaccharide-based antifungal agents.
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DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 3.2
Hui-Hong Luo,Wen-Rong Xu
pH-responsive supramolecular polymeric vesicles were successfully developed through the host–guest complexation of two biocompatible and water-soluble saccharides: sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SCD) and N -dodecyl chitosan (DCS). Extensive characterization using UV–vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the structural robustness of the vesicles, which exhibited effective self-assembly in acidic conditions and disassembly in alkaline environments. To evaluate the drug-loading capacity and pH-responsive release properties, naproxen sodium (NS), a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was encapsulated as a model compound. In vitro release studies simulating gastrointestinal pH conditions (2.0, 6.8, and 8.5) demonstrated minimal drug release of (28.34 ± 1.02)% at low pH and significantly enhanced release of (56.57 ± 1.68)% and (86.96 ± 1.29)% at neutral and slightly alkaline pH, respectively. The system exhibited an initial burst release followed by sustained release, aligning with the therapeutic requirements for rapid onset and prolonged action. These findings highlight the potential of SCD/DCS supramolecular vesicles as a versatile platform for targeted oral drug delivery, particularly for drugs requiring intestinal release. Highlights Supramolecular vesicles self-assembled via sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SCD) and N -dodecyl chitosan (DCS) host–guest complexation. Vesicles exhibited stability in acidic pH and disassembled in alkaline conditions. Naproxen sodium-loaded vesicles displayed pH-sensitive release properties. Drug release occurred in neutral to alkaline pH, ideal for intestinal delivery.
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高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
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2024
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IF 3.2
Xiaowei Wu,Zeming Fang,Xiaotao Zhu,Cheng Luo,Dan Li,Qianfa Liu,Ke Xue,Ke Wang
In high-frequency applications such as 5G-6G communication, internet of things, automotive radar, and automated driver-assistance systems, substrate materials excel as insulating layers owing to their superior dielectric properties. However, traditional methods for material development are often laborious and costly. To overcome these limitations, we employed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to predict the dielectric properties of these materials at frequencies exceeding 10 7 Hz. Specifically, we selected thermosetting polyphenylene oxide (m-PPO) as the resin matrix and combined it with three crosslinking agents, respectively: triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate, and trimethylallyl isocyanurate. Our overarching goal is to provide comprehensive insights into the development and enhancement of materials critical for high-frequency electronic devices. We anticipate that this methodology will be widely adopted for the development of advanced substrate materials across various applications, with the objective of effectively screening crosslinkers. Highlights Developed a simulation method to efficiently explore material scenarios for high-frequency applications. Studied the dielectric properties of m-PPO combined with three crosslinking agents at high frequencies. Successfully predicted dielectric properties using MD simulations.
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高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 3.2
Xiaolin Zhang,Xing Chang,Jingjing Di,Long Xu,Bin Cai,Maocai Huang
To maximize the utilization of waste laser printed paper fiber (WLPF), WLPF was used as the organic reinforcing phase, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was used as the matrix, vinyltrimethoxysilane (A171) and γ-methacryloxytrimethoxysilane (KH570) were used as coupling agents to modify and prepare WLPF/HDPE composites via a blending-injection molding process. The weather resistance properties and mechanisms of the composites were systematically analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed that the KH570-modified WLPF/HDPE composites retained their excellent tensile and flexural strength after 2000 h of accelerated ultraviolet (UV) aging, and their tensile strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus were 26.9, 41.0, and 2744.4 MPa, respectively. The thermal property analysis revealed that the thermal stability of the composites decreased after aging. Additionally, the crystallization enthalpy, melting enthalpy, and crystallinity of the composites increased. Highlights Waste laser printed paper fiber/high-density polyethylene (WLPF/HDPE) modified composites were prepared by injection molding process. Ultraviolet (UV) aging properties of WLPF/HDPE composites were investigated for the first time. KH570 modified composites retained excellent tensile and flexural strength after UV aging. The thermal properties of the composites after UV aging were also investigated.
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高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 3.2
Jiawei Liu,Tongjia Zhang,Lixin Song,Guangyuan Zhou,Honghua Wang
Incorporating reactive groups that can participate in epoxy cross-linking into traditional thermoplastic toughening agents enhances the interfacial compatibility between thermoplastic and thermosetting resins, thereby improving the impact toughness of the system. In this study, hydroxyl end groups were integrated into phenolphthalein polyether ketone (PEKC) molecular chains to engage in the cross-linking reaction during epoxy curing, significantly enhancing the toughening effect on the epoxy system. The results indicate that hydroxyl-terminated phenolphthalein polyether ketone (PEKC-OH) of various molecular weights can enhance the impact strength of the epoxy system (E51/MTHPA). Among these, the PEKC-OH-2 resin exhibited the optimal toughening effect at an addition level of 10 phr, increasing the impact strength from 11.85 to 23.46 kJ/m 2 , representing a 98% improvement, without compromising the operating temperature and mechanical properties of the epoxy system. Additionally, kilogram-scale toughening agent resins were produced through scale-up experiments of PEKC-OH-2 in a 50-L polymerization reactor, validating its applicability for industrial epoxy toughening. In summary, the PEKC-OH synthesized in this study serves as an efficient reactive thermoplastic toughening agent, offering ease of preparation, industrial producibility, and considerable application potential. Highlights Novel hydroxyl-terminated phenolphthalein polyether ketone (PEKC-OH). Reactive hydroxyl end groups improved compatibility with epoxy resin. PEKC-OH formed an interpenetrating network with epoxy, boosting impact toughness. Scaled-up of PEKC-OH-2 in a 50-L reactor for industrial production. PEKC-OH is feasible to prepare and has great application prospect.
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DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2025
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IF 3.2
Xinyu Zhu,Wei Yuan,Xiangtong Wen,Jinze Li,Jing Sui,Tao Zhuang,Chong Sun
Flexible and lightweight polypyrrole nanotubes/ethylene propylene diene monomer (PPyNT/EPDM) rubber foams with excellent electromagnetic waves (EMW) absorption performance in the X-band were prepared via a simple chemical foaming method. By adjusting the content of PPyNT, the cellular structure, density, and EMW absorption properties of the PPyNT/EPDM foams can be precisely tailored. The synergistic effect of the cellular structure and an optimal PPyNT content (15 phr) endows the PPyNT/EPDM foam with an excellent impedance matching and a high attenuation capacity, in turn resulting in excellent EMW absorption performance in the X-band, demonstrated by the minimum reflection loss (RL min ) of −27.01 dB at a thickness of 2.3 mm and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 3.4 GHz at a thickness of 2.6 mm. Furthermore, this foam composite exhibits excellent lightweight characteristics with a density of only 0.795 g/cm 3 . Hence, this research presents a promising approach for the commercial development of flexible, lightweight, cost-effective, and highly efficient EMW absorption materials. Highlights Lightweight PPyNT/EPDM foam for X-band EMW absorption. Tailored porous structure and absorption performance by PPyNT content. Foam with 15 phr PPyNT achieves RL min of −27.01 dB and EAB of 3.4 GHz. Synergy of impedance matching, conduction loss, and multiple reflection.
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高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 3.2
Yini Cui,Jiyong Zhao,Minjie Qu,Zhipeng Wang
The toughened polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) was prepared using copolymer poly(aryl ether sulfone ketone) as the toughening agent, which was synthesized through copolycondensation of 2-phenyl-3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phthalimide, 1,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butane-1,4-diketone (BFB), and bis(4-fluorophenyl)sulfone (DFS) as monomers. The properties of the copolymers were regulated by controlling the ratio of BFB and DFS. The glass transition temperature ( T g ) exceeds 210°C, and the thermal decomposition temperature ( T d 5% ) surpasses 430°C, demonstrating the copolymer's excellent thermal stability. When the mole ratio of sulfone to ketone was 8:2, the impact strength exhibited an increase of approximately 178% compared to that of neat PPS. The influences of the toughening agent and blending method on the thermal properties, rheological properties, and mechanical properties of the blends were examined. Highlights Copolymer was synthesized as a toughening agent for polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). Copolymer demonstrates good thermal stability properties. Adding copolymer and EGMA significantly improved the toughness of PPS.
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DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 3.2
Haohao Hou,Yu Xue,Meng Zhang,Xin He,Hongfu Zhou,Liyang Zhang
Polypropylene homopolymer (PPH) is a highly practical and widely utilized thermoplastic polymer that finds extensive applications in automotive components, piping systems, and constructed materials. Although PPH has merits such as low cost, versatility, and exceptional corrosion resistance, its low toughness limits application in specialized engineering sectors such as high-pressure piping, aerospace components, and cryogenic environments. In this paper, the toughness of PPH was improved by blending with polypropylene block copolymer (PPB) and β nucleating agent (NP-328). The room temperature impact strength of PPH containing 30% PPB and 0.2% NP-328 was increased by 4.4 times, and its low-temperature elongation at break was improved by 87%, compared to those of the pure PPH sample. Furthermore, this paper investigated the crystallization behaviors of PPH/PPB(70/30) with varying amounts of NP-328, using crystallization kinetics studies for analysis. The crystallization rate of PPH/PPB (70/30) systems gradually adding the amounts of NP-328 improved significantly. At 140°C, the half-crystallization time of the PPH/PPB (70/30) containing 0.2% NP-328 decreased by 14.5 min compared with that of PPH/PPB (70/30) without NP-328. The high-toughness PPH material developed in this work exhibits significant potential for application across a variety of industries, including automotive manufacturing, home appliance production, and packaging sector, among others. Highlights IS of polypropylene homopolymer (PPH) increased from 19.1 to 103.2 kJ/m2. Crystallinity of β in PPH/polypropylene block copolymer (PPB) growed to 26.8%. Low temperature toughness of PPH increased by about two times. The t1/2 of 70PPH/30PPB/0.2β was 14.5 min shorter than 70PPH/30PPB at 140 °C.
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高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 3.2
Meixin Wang,Lixin Song,Zhipeng Wang,Jiawei Liu,Xiaohuan Li
To improve the mechanical and thermal properties of thermosetting bismaleimide resins, a novel thermoplastic isoindolinone-based polyether sulfone (PES-In) resin was synthesized as a toughening agent for the N , N ′-(4,4′-methylenediphenyl)bismaleimide/2,2′-diallylbisphenol A (BDM/DABPA) system. The incorporation of this toughening agent not only enhanced the material's overall toughness but also significantly improved its thermal performance. The effects of PES-In's viscosity and dosage on toughening efficiency were systematically studied, leading to the identification of optimal conditions. Specifically, 7.5 phr PES-In with a viscosity of 0.4 dL/g resulted in a remarkable increase in the impact strength of the PES-In/BDM/DABPA system to 37.20 kJ/m 2 , representing a 497% improvement over the base BDM (6.23 kJ/m 2 ). Thermal properties, as assessed by dynamic thermomechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis, also showed significant enhancements, with T d5% and T g reaching 425 and 267°C, respectively, and the storage modulus rising from 2.0 to 2.5 GPa. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed a typical “sea-island” toughening structure with multiple crack deflections on the impact fracture surface. The introduction of PES-In thus broadens the application potential of bismaleimide in higher-temperature-resistant structural materials. Highlights Novel isoindolinone-based polyether sulfone (PES-In) was synthesized. Toughness of bismaleimide networks by PES-In was significantly improved. Thermal performance of the PES-In/ BDM N /DABPA system was improved. Relative toughening mechanism was clearly elucidated.
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DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2025
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IF 3.2
Ahmad Ali,Jiaqi Yu,Qasim Qasim,Faizan Ikhlaq,Yangxufei Huang,Shun Yao
This study presents the pioneering development and comprehensive characterization of argan oil (AO)-loaded polyacrylamide (PAm) hydrogel (AO-PAm), establishing its multifunctional potential for biomedical applications. Systematic evaluation revealed that the AO-PAm hydrogel combines excellent mechanical properties (90% transparency, > 25 cm stretchability) with remarkable biological activity, demonstrating: (1) potent antibacterial effects against E. coli (1.2 ± 0.2 mm inhibition zone), P. aeruginosa (0.7 ± 0.2 mm), and S. aureus (0.6 ± 0.2 mm); (2) exceptional antioxidant capacity (97.6% DPPH scavenging at 75 μg/mL); and (3) pH-responsive swelling behavior. GC–MS analysis identified key bioactive compounds (β-pinene, camphene, undecanal, β-bisabolene) in AO that contribute to these properties, while microscopic characterization confirmed successful AO encapsulation within the PAm matrix. The hydrogel exhibited controlled drug release following Higuchi kinetics ( R 2 = 0.9547), with enhanced performance at physiological pH (6.5–6.8). These findings position AO-PAm hydrogel as a promising platform for advanced wound care, transdermal drug delivery, and daily healthcare applications, combining the therapeutic benefits of AO with the structural advantages of a synthetic hydrogel matrix.
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DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 3.2
Qingjie Ma,Jun Li,Rui Liu,Yajun Wu,Zuguo Yang,Beibei Wu,Yuxuan Yang,Wanfen Pu
Polymeric hydrogels, known as blocking gel or disproportionate-permeability-reducer, have been highly successful in improving sweep efficiency and reducing excessive water cut by adjusting reservoir heterogeneity (Al-Muntasheri and Zitha. Gel under dynamic stress in porous media: new insights using computed tomography. SPE Saudi Arabia Section Technical Symposium; 2009. Al-Sharji, Grattoni, Dawe, et al. Pore-scale study of the flow of oil and water through polymer gels. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition; 1999. Bai. Preformed particle gel for conformance control: factors affecting its properties and applications. SPE Reservoir Eval Eng. 2007;10:415–422). However, it remains an extremely challenging task to develop polymeric weak gel for in-depth conformance control, simply because most in situ synthetic weak hydrogels suffer from loosely structured network and lack of efficient energy dissipation mechanism in harsh temperature environment (Bai, Leng, and Wei. A comprehensive review of in-situ polymer gel simulation for conformance control. Pet Sci. 2022;19(1):189–202. Bhattacharya and Samanta. Soft-nanocomposites of nanoparticles and nanocarbons with supramolecular and polymer gels and their applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2016;8(19):21512. Bai, Zhou, and Yin. Comprehensive review of polyacrylamide polymer gels for conformance control. Pet Explor Dev . 2015;42(4):525–532). This paper introduces a low-cost, high-temperature resistant, polymer covalent weak gel system. Polyethylenimine (PEI) and polyethylenimine-modified nano-SiO 2 nano-crosslinker were used as crosslinkers, and the performance of the gel system under high temperatures was systematically evaluated. The studied gel properties include gel formation time, gel strength, thermal stability, infrared spectroscopy, rheological properties, long-term stability, and microstructure. Acrylamide/2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonate (named QC-9 in this paper) is used in the gel system at concentrations as low as 2250 mg/L, and the gel time can be controlled within 3–12 h by adjusting the ratio of the polymers and crosslinkers. The gel exhibits a viscosity of 100–200 mPa·s, withstands temperatures up to 130°C, and has a salt tolerance of 214818.52 mg/L, with a viscosity retention rate of ≥80% after 70 days. At a shear rate of 1 Hz, the elastic modulus ( G ′) after aging for 70 days is 1.07 Pa, and the viscous modulus ( G ″) is 0.25 Pa. The test results indicate that the gel system remains in the high-viscosity range. Thermogravimetric Analysis tests indicate that the structural destruction temperature of the composite gel is 140°C, the activation energy of the nanocomposite crosslinking polymer weak gel is 5.2 and 16.5 kJ/mol higher for the evaporation of free water and the escape of bound water, respectively, compared to that of the PEI-crosslinking microgel. Finally, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to observe the gel's microstructure. Compared to traditional PEI crosslinked gel systems, the organic/inorganic nanocomposite crosslinked gel system has a dense, thickened network structure. Highlights Low-cost, high-temperature polymer gel with PEI-modified nano-SiO 2 . Adjustable gel formation and viscosity. High salt tolerance and long-term viscosity retention. Stable up to 140°C with higher activation energy than PEI-crosslinked microgel. Dense network structure with superior thermal stability.
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DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 3.2
Qing Xu,Xinxin Wang,Chao Dong,Yuhan Wei,Zhibo Li
A blend of poly(lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(4-hydroxybutyrate)-based polyurethane prepolymer (P4HBU) was prepared through reactive blending in this study. Thermal properties, mechanical properties, rheological properties, and the degradation behavior of the PLLA/P4HBU blends were investigated as varying the P4HBU content. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the glass transition temperatures of PLLA and P4HBU got closer to each other after melt blending, implying that the compatibility between them was improved. With the increase of P4HBU content increased, the elongation of the PLLA/P4HBU composite enhanced obviously, as well as the notched impact strength. When the P4HBU content reached 20 wt%, the elongation increased to 196.2% and the notched impact strength increased to 8.4 kJ/m 2 , respectively, about 26.2 and 2.4 times those of PLLA homopolymer. Meanwhile, the tensile strength decreased to 30.5 MPa. Scanning electron microscopy results proved that the shear yielding of the PLLA matrix and cavitation were the primary toughening mechanisms, resulting in an enhanced ductility of the PLLA/P4HBU blends. The degradation rate of the PLLA/P4HBU blends was improved for the incorporation of the P4HBU. Highlights P4HBU improved PLLA elongation (196.2%) and impact strength (8.4 kJ/m 2 ). Tensile strength of PLLA/P4HBU was reduced to 30.5 MPa. The compatibility between PLLA and P4HBU was enhanced. Shear yielding and cavitation were the primary toughening mechanisms. The degradation rate of the PLLA/P4HBU blends was improved.
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DOI
高影响因子
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