SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 9.1
Ye-Heng Su,Rui Han,Zhen-Liang Xu,Sen Wang,Jian-Xiong Xu,Zi-Qi Sun,Sun-Jie Xu
Ionic covalent organic frameworks (iCOFs) are promising materials for nanofiltration (NF) due to their ordered nanochannels and permanently charged pore surfaces. However, the introduction of ionic groups may affect the crystallization behavior and membrane assembly, which can make the construction of continuous iCOF membranes more demanding. In this work, Chitosan-assisted interfacial diffusion (ID) strategy was developed to fabricate continuous TpPa-SO₃H iCOF membranes on porous nylon substrates. The pre-deposited chitosan establishes a stabilized interfacial environment and facilitates the formation of a continuous selective layer with reduced defects. Structural characterizations confirm that chitosan effectively improves membrane continuity and suppresses interfacial defects. The optimized membrane achieves a high pure water permeance of 223 L·m −2 ·h −1 ·bar −1 with a Congo red (CR) rejection of 98.6% and low salt rejection (<10%), demonstrating excellent dye-salt separation performance.
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CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH
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2026
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IF 3.4
Chunlan Feng,Zhichao Wen,Jinsong Ou,Zhiqin Jin,Jing Li,Xiaofei Yan
Citric acid was used to dissolve and crosslink chitosan, offering a green and environmentally friendly preparation route. • By introducing cellulose nanofibers, a highly stable 3D network scaffold was constructed. • The prepared cellulose nanofiber/sodium alginate/chitosan aerogel balls exhibited excellent structural stability. • The maximum adsorption capacity for the cationic dye methylene blue reached 1371.1 ± 54.8 mg/g. • Adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models. To develop sustainable materials for textile dye wastewater purification, this study utilized renewable biopolymers to fabricate cellulose nanofiber/sodium alginate (CNF/SA) hydrogel spheres via metal-ion crosslinking. Subsequently, chitosan was dissolved in an environmentally friendly citric acid solution and integrated into the CNF/SA matrix through crosslinking, followed by freeze-drying to obtain cellulose nanofiber/sodium alginate/chitosan (CNF/SA/CTS) aerogel spheres. Comparative characterization and adsorption performance studies revealed that the introduction of chitosan into the CNF/SA system formed a ternary composite material (CNF/SA/CTS) with a denser and more stable three-dimensional network structure, enriched with abundant functional groups, such as amino groups. This material maintained good structural stability and adsorption performance across a wide pH range and after multiple adsorption-desorption cycles. Notably, CNF/SA/CTS exhibited a strong adsorption capacity for various dyes, including methylene blue, crystal violet, methyl orange, and malachite green. The maximum adsorption capacity for cationic dyes reached as high as 1371.1 ± 54.8 mg/g, outperforming the corresponding CNF/SA binary material. The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model, and was determined to be spontaneous and endothermic. This study confirms the significant potential of CNF/SA/CTS aerogel spheres as an ideal green adsorbent, highlighting the promising sustainable application prospects of biomass-based composite materials in wastewater treatment. Download: Download high-res image (506KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Frontiers in Pharmacology
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2026
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IF 5.4
Zhixiang Wu,Yanjuan He,Hao Deng,Yue Tan,Wangzi Gao,Jiaxin Yin,Ziqin Zeng,Jing Sun,Lijuan Zhang,Yue Li,Shentang Li
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), whose prevalence is rising substantially, has become a major global health challenge. In this study, we developed linagliptin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (HCS-LGP NPs) for the treatment of renal fibrosis. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited a uniform particle size of 178.8 ± 4.4 nm and a zeta potential of −29.9 ± 2.5 mV, along with acid-responsive drug release properties. In vitro , the HCS-LGP NPs showed efficient cellular uptake in TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells and significantly inhibited cell proliferation by downregulating the expression of TGF-β1 and Collagen I. In vivo studies demonstrated effective renal accumulation of HCS-LGP NPs in rats with renal fibrosis. Treatment with HCS-LGP NPs significantly reduced serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and the protein levels of TGF-β1 and Collagen I. Notably, the administration of HCS-LGP NPs promoted marked recovery from renal injury and markedly reduced collagen fiber deposition in rats with renal fibrosis. Histopathological analysis confirmed excellent biocompatibility, with no observable damage to the heart, liver, spleen, or lungs. These findings indicate that HCS-LGP NPs hold great potential as a targeted therapy for renal fibrosis, offering enhanced efficacy and a favorable safety profile.
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ACS Applied Polymer Materials
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2026
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IF 5.2
Xin-Li Jiang,Jing-Yan Liu,Yan-Ping Hu,Xu Lin,Yun-Wu Zheng,De-Fa Hou,Fu-Lin Yang,Long Yang,Can Liu
Natural rubber (NR) is a strategic biomaterial whose latex-based products are widely used in biomedical and hygienic applications. However, the inherent susceptibility of NR to microbial colonization limits its service life and poses safety concerns. To impart intrinsic antibacterial functionality, we designed a cationic-modified chitosan derivative (CS-GTA) by grafting quaternary ammonium groups onto the chitosan backbone via chemical bonding. This molecular tailoring significantly enhanced the solubility of chitosan under alkaline latex conditions. The resulting CS-GTA was introduced as a functional antibacterial filler into natural rubber latex, forming a stable and homogeneous NR/CS-GTA composite system. The modified latex retained favorable processability and curing characteristics. Using Dunlop foaming, casting methods and mechanical ball milling, we fabricated latex foam and thin-film materials, both of which exhibited remarkable inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, demonstrating broad-spectrum antibacterial performance. This study offers a sustainable and effective strategy for developing high-performance antibacterial natural rubber materials, with potential implications for advancing the value-added applications of NR-based products.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2026
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IF 8.7
Yi Zhao,Lei Liu,Qing Chang,Yijun Xie,Xiaoyong Deng
Under the dual challenges of plastic-driven environmental pollution and global food insecurity, there exists an urgent demand for sustainable packaging solutions capable of extending produce shelf life. Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and chitosan (CS) are promising bio-based materials; however, their susceptibility to performance loss in high-humidity environments and their lack of intrinsic heat-sealing capability limit practical applications. Herein, an asymmetric bilayer CNF/CS film crosslinked with genipin is introduced to effectively address the performance degradation under humid conditions. The film is hydrophobically modified with octanoic acid (OA), achieving an optimal balance of high transparency (visible-light transmittance >80%) and hydrophobicity (contact angle ≈ 110°). The inner layer, comprising thermoplastic starch (TPS) plasticized with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and blended with a thymol/octanoic acid deep eutectic solvent (DES), affords low-temperature processability and heat-seal performance (seal strength = 19.9 N / 15 mm) alongside potent antibacterial and antioxidant activity (inhibition > 98% against E. coli and S. aureus ). In strawberry and blueberry preservation trials, the resulting film completely suppresses mold growth within 5 days, with only 8% weight loss, and exhibits over 85% biodegradation in soil within 30 days. This bilayer design provides a new solution for developing high-performance, eco-friendly food packaging materials.
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POLYMER BULLETIN
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2026
·Vol. 83
·期 11
·626
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IF 4.2
Liu Xiaoqi,Zhang Renyun,Chen Ting,Xiang Luodan,Wang Jing,Lv Guozhi,Liu Yan,Zhang Ting’an
Chitosan modified with polyethylene glycol-200 and crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (MCS) was synthesized for the recovery of Sc(III) ions from aqueous solutions. The prepared adsorbents were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, BET, XRD, XRF, and SEM. The effects of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial concentration, and temperature on the adsorption performance were systematically investigated. The characterization results confirmed the successful fabrication of MCS, and the PEG-200-assisted pore-forming strategy improved the accessible pore structure and Sc(III) adsorption performance of MCS relative to glutaraldehyde-crosslinked chitosan (GCS). A working pH of 5, an adsorbent dosage of 50 mg, a contact time of 100 min, and a temperature of 30 °C were selected for the subsequent adsorption experiments. The adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics of Sc(III) onto MCS were further investigated. The adsorption data were best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models, and the Langmuir model predicted a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 55.28 mg·g −1 at 30 °C. The adsorption of Sc(III) was mainly associated with coordination interactions, electrostatic attraction, and hydrogen bonding involving the N/O-containing functional groups of MCS. The synergistic combination of PEG-200-assisted pore formation and GA crosslinking helped balance acid stability and pore accessibility, indicating that MCS has potential as an adsorbent for Sc(III) recovery from acidic aqueous media.
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
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2026
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IF 13.2
Wanting Li,Yangkun Cao,Kunpeng Gao,Lili Yin,Kang Lian,Hong Jiang,Yang Hu,Xiangzhao Mao
Chitosanases are attractive biocatalysts for producing bioactive chito-oligosaccharides (COS), but their applications are limited by insufficient catalytic efficiency, poor stability, and challenging recovery. Although many chitosanases can be activated by metal ions, the direct addition of free ions into reaction systems suffers from low efficiency and separation challenges. This study presented a MOF-based strategy to create a Cu-enriched coordination microenvironment, enabling simultaneous immobilization and activation of marine polysaccharide hydrolases. Taking chitosanase OUC-CsnCA as a model, the immobilization on Cu-trimesic acid (Cu-BTC) doubled its activity (413.5 ± 34.7 U/mg) and increased k cat from 361.8 ± 8.0 to 704.4 ± 16.1 min −1 , along with improved thermostability and pH tolerance. MALDI-TOF-MS and HPLC confirmed deeper substrate depolymerization upon immobilization. Kinetic and spectroscopic analyses revealed that Cu 2+ -binding modulated enzyme conformation and promoted enzyme–substrate interactions. Molecular dynamics simulations further indicated that Cu 2+ coordination was associated with adjustments in catalytic cleft geometry (D102–E84) and reinforcement of hydrogen-bond interactions within the substrate-binding pocket. Enhanced activities were further observed for immobilized ι-carrageenase and α-agarase, demonstrating the potential applicability of this strategy to other metal-responsive marine polysaccharide hydrolases.
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JOURNAL OF MICROENCAPSULATION
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2025
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IF 3.2
Ning He,Danqing Wu,Rui Luo,Ziqin Cao,Shuang Shan,Qingsong Fei,Jiabao Wu,Shaoyun Bai
This study was to prepare the esculin-loaded chitosan microspheres for intravitreal injection and explore the feasibility of the treatment of macular degeneration. The microspheres were fabricated using an emulsification crosslinking technique. The drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, and mean particle diameter of the optimised esculin-loaded chitosan microspheres were 8.03 ± 1.30%, 93.03 ± 2.16%, and 4.81 ± 1.60 μm, respectively. The thermal stability evaluation at 25 °C demonstrated consistent particle diameter maintenance, with microspheres retaining sizes of 4.73 ± 1.75 μm and 4.89 ± 1.55 μm after 15 and 30 days’ storage periods, respectively. The in vitro release profile demonstrated 80% cumulative drug release from the microspheres over a 72 h period. Subsequent pharmacokinetic analysis revealed significantly enhanced parameters in the vitreous humour following intravitreal administration, with the half-life (t1/2) reaching 879.88 ± 44.00 min and the area under curve (AUC) attaining 150.18 ± 2.28 × 103 mg·min/mL. Intravitreal injection of esculin-loaded chitosan microspheres offers a promising drug delivery system for the treatment of macular degeneration.
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FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
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2025
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IF 12.4
Jilong Lu,Meizhen Xie,Lipin Chen,Yong-Huan Yun
Colorimetric indicators of real-time food spoilage detection are typically fabricated using chromogenic agents or nanoparticles; however, their potential migration into food raises considerable safety concerns. Although structurally colored functional biomaterials, which do not pose such risks, represent promising alternatives, their application in food spoilage detection remains largely unexplored. In this study, a structurally colored chitosan membrane (CSM) was obtained from shrimp shells, and its responsiveness to acids and aldehydes was investigated. Fresh coconut water was used to evaluate the performance of CSM as a colorimetric spoilage indicator. Results indicate that CSM is a mesoporous material with a Bouligand structure and a deacetylation degree of 83.93 %. The specific surface area, average pore volume, and average pore size of CSM were 0.44 m 2 /g, 0.001 cm 3 /g, and 9.67 nm, respectively. CSM exhibited chromatic responsiveness to acids at a low pH of 3 due to the protonation of –NH 2 groups, as well as to aldehydes via the formation of imine bond (C=N). Acid and aldehyde exposure altered the crystalline polymorphism of chitosan in CSM. After 18 h of storage at room temperature, the membrane successfully detected spoilage in fresh coconut water through visible color changes, which can be attributed to the synergistic effects of organic acids and aldehydes accumulated during spoilage. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of CSMs in detecting food spoilage. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the potential application of structurally colored CSMs for detecting food spoilage, offering a novel approach for developing food spoilage indicators.
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CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH
·
2025
·
IF 2.5
Ziyun Li,Shuai Yang,Menghua Hou,Sitong Wang,Jiaying Liu,Zhichao He,Zijian Song,Yingchun Li
Chitosan-based shape memory polymers (SMPs) represent a promising class of smart materials for biomedical and packaging applications, yet their development is often limited by the reliance on solutions and thermal stimuli. To enable remote and precise control, this study focuses on developing photosensitive SMPs by conferring light responsiveness to chitosan. Azobenzene-modified chitosan (CSM) was synthesized via a three-step process involving maleic anhydride modification of chitosan followed by free radical grafting with 4-acryloyloxyazobenzene. Composite films (CSMCFs) were then prepared by blending the CSM with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) at varying mass ratios. The chemical structures of the intermediates and the final composite were confirmed by 1 H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The incorporation of azobenzene groups was verified by UV–vis spectroscopy, and the thermal properties were assessed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The photosensitive shape memory behavior was quantitatively evaluated by measuring the shape fixation rate (R f ) and shape recovery rate (R r ) under 365 nm UV light irradiation. The optimal composites (CSMCF-3), with a CSM/PVA ratio of 3/7 and 0.5 % azobenzene derivative, exhibited a high shape fixation rate of 97.2 % and an exceptional shape recovery rate of 93.3 % within 300 s. These results demonstrate the high potential of these composite films for applications in smart packaging and biomedical devices where remote, light-triggered actuation is desired.
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Journal of Integrative Neuroscience
·
2025
·Vol. 24
·期 6
·36965
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IF 2.7
Qicheng Li,Fengshi Zhang,Shiyan Liu,Yusong Yuan,Yuhui Kou
Background:The repair technology of peripheral nerve injuries has made great progress, but the simultaneous repair and promotion of nerve regeneration in multiple distal nerves remains a challenging task. The current cylindrical nerve conduits are unsuitable for nerve transposition repair. This study aims to assess the effect of conical chitosan conduits (different inner diameters at both ends) on nerve transposition repair, in conjunction with methylcobalamin (MeCbl).Methods:In this study, a conical chitosan conduit was used to bridge a 2 mm defect between the proximal common peroneal nerve and distal tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve in rats. Additionally, we administered MeCbl at various concentrations to evaluate post-surgical adjuvant treatment effect. At 16 weeks post-surgery, gait analysis, electrophysiology testing, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, toluidine blue staining, immunofluorescence staining, muscle wet weight determination and Masson’s trichrome staining were performed to assess nerve regeneration and reinnervation of gastrocnemius.Results:Gross observations did not reveal the formation of neuromas after bridging the distal nerves in each group. In terms of motor function (**p < 0.01), compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude and latency (**p < 0.01), the quantity of regenerated nerve fibers, muscle fiber morphology and other parameters (**p < 0.01), 200 μg/kg MeCbl administration as a supplementary treatment had a significant positive impact compared to the chitosan conduit+normal saline (Chi/NS) group.Conclusions:Our findings demonstrated that conical chitosan conduits combined with MeCbl can effectively promote nerve transposition repair following multiple distal nerve injuries.
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 7.3
Hanghang Zhang,Yingxi Zhang,Manli Yu,Lin Zhou,Pengyue Zhao,Chong Cao,Qiliang Huang,Lidong Cao
The development of novel pesticide formulations with the minimization of the adverse impact and simultaneous maximization of utilization efficiency is highly urgent. A new window for pesticide delivery has been created for green and sustainable agriculture using chitosan (CS) and chitooligosaccharide (COS) as carrier materials because of their economic, biocompatibility, and versatile functional properties. However, the difference of properties between CS and COS is not well clarified in pesticide delivery. In this study, pyraclostrobin (PYR)-loaded microcapsules based on arginine-modified CS (PYR@CS-Arg) or COS (PYR@COS-Arg) were successfully prepared through an electrostatic self-assembly strategy. Notably, in addition to possessing pH-responsive release characteristics, PYR@CS-Arg exhibited faster release kinetics in alkaline environments compared to PYR@COS-Arg, attributed to the formation of a larger space following CS-Arg dissociation from microcapsules. Comparative analysis with other formulations revealed that both PYR@CS-Arg and PYR@COS-Arg demonstrated superior performance in terms of target deposition, bioactivity, UV stability, biosafety, and nutritional function. These characteristics significantly enhance the pesticide utilization rate while reducing environmental risks, aligning with the principles of sustainable agricultural development. Owing to the multifunctional properties of COS, PYR@COS-Arg showed enhanced performance in maximum retention, fungicidal activity, UV protection, and plant growth promotion compared to PYR@CS-Arg. Conversely, PYR@CS-Arg exhibited lower nontarget organism acute toxicity, owing to its larger particle size facilitating gravitational sedimentation in aqueous environments. These findings provide valuable insights into carrier material selection based on application scenarios and target control requirements, offering a promising and practical strategy in sustainable agricultural practices.
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