ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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2016
·
IF 7.145
Yanan Jia,Sihui Zhan,Shuanglong Ma,Qixing Zhou
TiO2–Bi2WO6 binanosheet (TBWO), synthesized by a facile two-step hydrothermal method, was used as an effective visible-light-driven photocatalyst for the inactivation of E. coli and was characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, and BET. A series of TBWOs with different doping ratios of TiO2 loading from 10 to 55 wt % were synthesized. Among all of the TBWOs, 40% TBWO exhibited the best bacteria disinfection efficiency, and the quantity of viable bacteria could reach 10° with 40% TBWO (100 μg/mL) after being illuminated for 4 h. Furthermore, the confocal fluorescent-based cell live/dead test and the SEM technology were applied to verify the photocatalytically lethal effect toward E. coli and the rupture of bacterial membranes. The leak of bacterial contents, including the bacterial genome represented by relevant 16srDNA, and total protein were detected by PCR and bicinchoninic acid assay. In this work, the antibacterial mechanism was studied by employing photoelectrochemical techniques, electron spin resonance (ESR), and scavengers of different reactive species, revealing the pivotal roles of electron hole (h+) and electron (e–) in the photocatalytic process. In addition, the •O2– and •OH radicals were also detected in the TBWOs system by ESR. It was found that the adsorption of visible light and separation of photogenerated carriers within TiO2 have been largely promoted after being coupled with Bi2WO6, which should be responsible for the improved bactericidal effect.
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APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2016
·
IF 3.15
Zengming Zhang,Yong Hu,Fuyu Qin,Yutian Ding
TiO 2 /ZnO core–shell photo-anodes with a large surface area were synthesised by a combination of chemical growth and direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering (MS). The use of these combined methods for the advancement of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was discussed. An understanding of the morphology and structure of this core–shell material was obtained from the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the thickness of the ZnO nanoshells (as assessed by using TEM), prepared by MS, has a significant effect on improvements in the conversion efficiency. The conversion efficiency can be greatly improved from 0.06% to 0.72% by optimising different experimental conditions, such as ZnO nanoshell MS time and chemical bath deposition time. The enhanced efficiency may be attributed to the emergence of a ZnO energy barrier and the improvement of the photo-anode surface area.
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NANOTECHNOLOGY
·
2016
·Vol. 27
·期 9
·095603
·
IF 3.573
Jingjie Cui,Jing Chen,Shaowei Chen,Li Gao,Ping Xu,Hong Li
Cancer is a cell dysfunction disease. The detection of cancer cells is extremely important for early diagnosis and clinical treatments. At present, the pretreatment for the detection of cancer cells is costly, complicated and time-consuming. As different species of the analytes may give rise to specific voltammetric signals at distinctly different potentials, simple potential sensing has the specificity to detect different cellular species. By taking advantage of the different electrochemical characteristics of normal cells, cancer cells and biointeractions between anticancer drugs and cancer cells, we develop a specific, sensitive, direct, cost-effective and rapid method for the detection of cancer cells by electrochemical potential sensing based on Au/TiO2 nanobelt heterostructure electrodes that will be of significance in early cancer diagnosis, in vitro screening of anticancer drugs and molecular biology research.
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APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
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2016
·
IF 8.328
Ruirui Hao,Guohong Wang,Hua Tang,Lingling Sun,Chang Xu,Deyan Han
Mesoporous photocatalytic materials with macroporous structures have attracted more and more attention because of their textural mesopores and intrinsic interconnected pore networks, which are able to efficiently transport guest species to framework binding sites. In this work, macro/mesoporous g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 heterojunction photocatalysts were fabricated without templates or additives by a facile calcination method using tetrabutyl titanate and melamine as the feedstocks. Photocatalytic experiments of the as-prepared samples were measured by the photocatalytic oxidation degradation of RhB solution at room temperature under visible light irradiation. The results indicated that the melamine content in the precursors had an important influence on photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples. At the optimal loading content, the apparent reaction rate constant ( k ) was 47.8 × 10 −3 min −1 for RhB degradation, exceeding that of pure TiO 2 (6.6 × 10 −3 min −1 ) and g-C 3 N 4 (15.2 × 10 −3 min −1 ) by factor of 7.2 and 3.1 respectively. The improved photocatalytic activity was attributed to high surface area and heterostructure formation of g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 composites. The trapping experiment results showed that O 2 − and h + were main active species in the decomposition of RhB. A possible enhanced photocatalytic mechanism of g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 heterojunction photocatalysts was proposed.
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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
·
2016
·
IF 4.758
Haichao Dai,Yujing Sun,Pengjuan Ni,Wangdong Lu,Shu Jiang,Yilin Wang,Zhen Li,Zhuang Li
A multifunctional TiO 2 /Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) complex substrate was prepared via a three-step approach, which included the hydrothermal route on a Ti substrate, the deposition of Ag by photo-reducing method and the annealing treatment under high temperature. The effect of the annealing process on the morphology, structure and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance of the substrate was systematically investigated, and the optimal substrate was obtained. Herein, 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP), methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) were employed as probe molecules to test the sensitivity and UV-cleanable property of the hybrid SERS substrate. The results suggested that the substrate exhibited relatively high enhancement ability, good stability, reproducibility, and recyclability. The synthesised SERS-active substrate was further used to detect thiram molecules, a kind of pesticides, and the limitation of detection in ethanol, apple juice and apple peel reached 10 −7 M, 10 −6 M and 240 ng/cm 2 , respectively. The detection limit of thiram in the apple juice was below than the maximal residue limit of 7 ppm (2.9 × 10 −5 M) in fruit prescribed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). These results demonstrated that TiO 2 /AgNPs complex substrate exhibited promising application with respect to its potential use for on-site detection of residual pesticides.
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Nanoscale Research Letters
·
2016
·Vol. 11
·期 1
·1-9
·
IF 2.584
Gao Qiqian,Sun Shihan,Li Xuesong,Zhang Xueyu,Duan Lianfeng,Lü Wei
In present work, two-dimensional g-C 3 N 4 was used to modify TiO 2 nanorod array photoanodes for CdS quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs), and the improved cell performances were reported. Single crystal TiO 2 nanorods are prepared by hydrothermal method on transparent conductive glass and spin-coated with g-C 3 N 4 . CdS quantum dots were deposited on the g-C 3 N 4 modified TiO 2 photoanodes via successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method. Compared with pure TiO 2 nanorod array photoanodes, the g-C 3 N 4 modified photoanodes showed an obvious improvement in cell performances, and a champion efficiency of 2.31 % with open circuit voltage of 0.66 V, short circuit current density of 7.13 mA/cm 2 , and fill factor (FF) of 0.49 was achieved, giving 23 % enhancement in cell efficiency. The improved performances were due to the matching conduction bands and valence bands of g-C 3 N 4 and TiO 2 , which greatly enhanced the separation and transfer of the photogenerated electrons and holes and effectively suppressed interfacial recombination. Present work provides a new direction for improving performance of QDSSCs.
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APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING
·
2017
·Vol. 123
·期 8
·1-9
·
IF 1.455
Feng Cong,Yu Zhichao,Liu Hongjing,Yuan Kangkang,Wang Xinqiang,Zhu Luyi,Zhang Guanghui,Xu Dong
The drawback of using TiO 2 in photocatalytic applications lies in the wide band gap and high recombination rate of charge carriers. To solve the above problems, modification of TiO 2 with Au nanoparticles (NPs) has received considerable attention. Here, TiO 2 nanofibers uniformly deposited with Au NPs which have a narrow size distribution (16 nm) were synthesized. We demonstrate that the photocatalytic performance of Au/TiO 2 heterostructured nanofibers can be effectively enhanced under UV and visible light irradiation by manipulating the dosage of decorated Au NPs. The effect of metal dosage on the photocatalytic performance has been systematically investigated. The enhanced photocatalytic properties are ascribed to the increase of visible light absorption from the Au NP’s surface and the enhancement of separation of electron–hole charge pairs at the interface of Au/TiO 2 junctions. Besides, the decrease of photoactivity with more addition of Au NPs is due to the fact that redundant Au NPs reduce the photon flux reaching the TiO 2 surface and also act as recombination centers for electron–hole pairs. The present work provides guidance toward the fabrication of more efficient Au/TiO 2 photocatalysts.
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FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
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2016
·
IF 3.847
Wei Li,Rui-tang Guo,Shu-xian Wang,Wei-guo Pan,Qi-lin Chen,Ming-yuan Li,Peng Sun,Shu-ming Liu
Heavy metals (such as Zn and Pb) have a deactivation effect on the catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH 3 . In this study, it was found that the modification of Mn/TiO 2 catalyst by Nb could greatly enhance its Zn resistance. From the characterization results of BET, XRD, H 2 -TPR, NH 3 -TPD, it may be concluded that the introduction of Nb into Mn/TiO 2 catalyst would lead to its lower crystallinity , more acid sites and higher concentrations of Mn 4 + and surface chemisorbed oxygen. The results of in situ DRIFT study reveal that the NH 3 -SCR reactions over Mn/TiO 2 and Mn-Nb/TiO 2 all obey both the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism and the Eley–Rideal mechanism, and the doping of Nb on Mn/TiO 2 catalyst could promote the adsorption of NH 3 and NOx species on it. All these features make a contribution to the high SCR activity and good Zn resistance of Mn-Nb/TiO 2 catalyst.
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Scientific Reports
·
2017
·Vol. 7
·期 1
·1-9
·
IF 4.259
He Xiulin,Hou Huijie,Yuan Xiqing,Huang Long,Hu Jingping,Liu Bingchuan,Xu Jingyi,Xie Jia,Yang Jiakuan,Liang Sha,Wu Xu
Lithium-sulfur batteries have attracted great attention because of their high energy density, environmental friendliness, natural abundance and intrinsically low cost of sulfur. However, their commercial applications are greatly hindered by rapid capacity decay due to poor conductivity of electrode, fast dissolution of the intermediate polysulfides into the electrolyte, and the volume expansion of sulfur. Herein, we report a novel composite MWCNTs@TiO 2 -S nanostructure by grafting TiO 2 onto the surface of MWCNTs, followed by incorporating sulfur into the composite. The inner MWCNTs improved the mechanical strength and conductivity of the electrode and the outer TiO 2 provided the adsorption sites to immobilize polysulfides due to bonding interaction between TiO 2 and polysulfides. The MWCNTs@TiO 2 -S composite with a mass ratio of 50% (MWCNTs in MWCNTs@TiO 2 ) exhibited the highest electrochemistry performance among all compositing ratios of MWCNTs/TiO 2 . The performance improvement might be attributed to the downward shift of the apparent Fermi level to a more positive potential and electron rich space region at the interface of MWCNTs-TiO 2 that facilitates the reduction of lithium polysulfide at a higher potential. Such a novel hybrid structure can be applicable for electrode design in other energy storage applications.
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RSC Advances
·
2016
·Vol. 6
·期 86
·83366-83372
·
IF 3.289
Meizhou Zhang,Jinfeng Lei,Yifeng Shi,Lina Zhang,Youxin Ye,Defu Li,Changdao Mu
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as stabilizer to prepare water-soluble anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2). The molecular weight effects of PEG on the crystal structure and photocatalytic activities of PEG-capped TiO2 nanoparticles were systematically studied. The results show that the steric hindrance effect of PEG molecular chains will hinder the PEG molecules from being tied to the surface of TiO2, resulting in the decrease of PEG molecules capped on the surface of TiO2 with the growth of PEG molecular chains. It is significant that PEG can effectively promote the dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles in water, which becomes better and better with the increase of molecular weight of PEG. Moreover, the PEG-capped TiO2 aqueous solutions can keep stable for more than two months. PEG cannot influence the crystal type and size of TiO2, which can be well controlled by the introduction of HCl in the reaction system. The photocatalytic activity of PEG-capped TiO2 was evaluated by monitoring the degradation of methyl orange, which is better than that of commercial P25 TiO2 mainly due to the good dispersion in water. However, PEG molecular chains are detrimental to the transfer of photogenerated electrons and reactive oxygen species while the increasing dispersion in water with the increase of PEG molecular weight can increase the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. As a result, PEG400 capped TiO2 presents the best photocatalytic activity while PEG2000 capped TiO2 exhibits the worst photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic activity begins to increase when the molecular weight of PEG is larger than 2000.
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APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
·
2016
·
IF 8.328
Jiabai Cai,Xueqing Wu,Shunxing Li,Fengying Zheng
Visible-light-driven photocatalysis as a green technology has attracted a lot of attention due to its potential applications in environmental remediation. Although TiO 2 is the most popular photocatalyst, the lack of visible light utilization and a low efficiency of electron-hole separation should be overcome. Therefore, Au nanoparticles (NPs) as cocatalyst were controllably loaded between the double-shell or into CeO 2 shell (as photocatalyst and oxygen buffer) and then a novel visible-light-driven TiO 2 @CeO 2 nanocomposite was prepared, using functionalized polystyrene spheres, sol-gel, hydrothermal reaction, and calcination. The presence of TiO 2 shell, Au NPs and CeO 2 shell were confirmed by EDX and electron energy loss mapping analysis. Under visible-light irradiation, the photo-degradation rate constant k (min −1 ) was in the order of TiO 2 @Au@CeO 2 (0.026) > TiO 2 @CeO 2 /Au (0.021) > TiO 2 @CeO 2 (0.014) > CeO 2 (0.0091) > TiO 2 (0.0046) > P25 (0.0034). Compared with P25, TiO 2 @CeO 2 , and TiO 2 @CeO 2 /Au, the visible-light photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 @Au@CeO 2 for the photo-degradation of organic pollutant and photo-reduction of Cr(VI) were the highest. This result was attributed to the combination of TiO 2 and CeO 2 , the double-shelled and sandwiched nanostructure and the addition of Au NPs as electron trap site and surface plasmon resonance-sensitizer, which could reduce the recombination of the electron-hole and induce the visible light absorption. The major obstacle of heterogeneous photocatalysis could be resolved. The photo-degradation rate of 95% was achieved by TiO 2 @Au@CeO 2 , which exhibited an increase of 63% compared to Degussa P25 TiO 2 . The photo-degradation activity of TiO 2 @CeO 2 /Au was improved by Au NPs loaded on outer shell of TiO 2 @CeO 2 /Au but limited by their stability. This work confirmed the importance of controllable location of the noble metals as cocatalysts.
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CELLULOSE
·
2017
·Vol. 25
·期 2
·1413-1424
·
IF 3.417
Cheng Deshan,He Mantang,Ran Jianhua,Cai Guangming,Wu Jihong,Wang Xin
In this work, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles were immobilized on the surface of cotton fabrics by in situ reduction on polydopamine (PDA) templates. Evidenced by the results of scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDX), Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), PDA films were successfully formed on the surface of cotton fabrics as the templates for the in situ reduction. The morphology, chemical composition and crystal structure of the coated cotton fabrics after in situ reduction of TiO 2 nanoparticles were characterized by SEM–EDX, XPS and X-ray diffraction, respectively. These results confirmed that anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles were well-dispersed on the surface of cotton fabrics. The photocatalysis experiment results indicated that about 90% of methylene blue solution was degraded after UV illumination of the coated cotton fabrics. The thermogravimetric analysis results demonstrated that the TiO 2 nanoparticles had little effect on the thermal stability of cotton fabrics. The results of UV protection showed that the value of the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of the coated cotton fabrics was 127.2. The UPF value was maintained at 108.8 after five cycles of laundering, indicating excellent durability of the coating in terms of UV protection.
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