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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS · 2025 · IF 6.3

Efficient and thermally stable Cr3+-activated germanate phosphor for thermometry, plant cultivation, and near-infrared light-emitting diode applications

Zaifa Yang,Wenyue Zhang,Zhide Wang,Yu Zheng,Yi Su,Haowen Xu,Zhengxin Guo,Ruoxuan Wang,Shuyu Yang

In recent years, near-infrared phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (NIR pc⁃LEDs) have attracted a lot of attention in the fields of night vision, sensing and nondestructive testing. However, realizing multifunctional applications with the same material is still a great challenge. In this study, we prepared an efficient and thermally stable excellent Cr 3+ -activated Cd 3 Al 2 Ge 3 O 12 (CAG) garnet NIR phosphor. Under the excitation of 436 nm blue light, its NIR emission covers the range of 600–900 nm, the highest peak is at 714 nm and an internal quantum efficiency is 80.4 %. Meanwhile, the phosphor exhibits excellent thermal stability, and the integrated intensity of its NIR emission spectrum at 423 K temperature is 89.4 % of room temperature (89.4 %@423 K), which shows remarkable high thermal stability characteristics. The temperature-dependent properties of the fluorescence lifetime of Cr 3+ and the fluorescence intensity ratio of the thermally coupled energy levels in CAG:0.005Cr 3+ were utilized for thermometry studies from 100 K to 275 K. The relative thermometric sensitivities of the two methods reached a maximum value of 1.4 % K −1 at 200 K and a maximum value of 1.2 % K −1 at 100 K. Finally, the applications of the CAG:0.005Cr 3+ phosphor in plant illumination, night-vision monitoring and non-destructive testing of biological tissues were discussed by using the synthesized NIR pc⁃LEDs, which proves that the CAG:0.005Cr 3+ phosphor has a broad application prospect.

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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS · 2025 · IF 6.3

Structure and luminescence of Gd3Ga3MgSiO12:Cr3+ garnet phosphor with highly efficient broadband near-infrared emitting toward pc-LED application

Qinghong Meng,Yuning Zhang,Xiangming Li,Wanjun Yu,Zhijun Xu,Ji-Guang Li

Doping Gd 3 Ga 3 Al 2 O 12 :Cr 3+ with Mg 2+ /Si 4+ pair to develop Gd 3 Ga 3 – y Al 2 – 2 x Mg x Si x O 12 : y Cr 3+ ( x  = 0–1.0; y  = 0.005–0.05) new garnet solid solution was implemented for the regulation of structure and photoluminescence. Rietveld refinement, SEM/TEM, and UV-Vis-NIR/photoluminescence spectroscopy analysis clarified that Mg 2+ /Si 4+ incorporation increasing resulted in the enlargement of the unit cell, the expansion/larger distortion of [(Ga,Al,Mg,Cr)O 6 ] octahedron, the decrease of crystal field strength, red-shifting and broadening of emission band, and shortening decay times. The optimal Gd 3 Ga 2.97 MgSiO 12 :0.03Cr 3+ phosphor realized broadband NIR emission (centered at ∼760 nm, full-width at half-maximum ∼114 nm) under 450 nm light excitation and exhibited high quantum efficiency (IQE=71.0 %, EQE=29.4 %) and good thermal stability (78.5 %@423 K). The NIR pc-LED fabricated by combining this optimal phosphor with a 450 nm blue LED chip showed satisfactory output power (∼26.83 mW) and conversion efficiency (10.02 %) under a driving current of 100 mA, indicating that this phosphor has huge potential utilized in the construction of NIR pc-LED applied in night vision and noninvasive medical diagnosis.

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Acta Biomaterialia · 2015 · IF 6.025

β-Ga2O3:Cr3+ nanoparticle: A new platform with near infrared photoluminescence for drug targeting delivery and bio-imaging simultaneously

Xin-Shi Wang,Jun-Qing Situ,Xiao-Ying Ying,Hui Chen,Hua-fei Pan,Yi Jin,Yong-Zhong Du

Multifunctional nanoparticles which integrate the therapeutic agents and bio-imaging agents into one carrier are emerging as a promising therapeutic platform. Herein, GaOOH:Cr 3+ was firstly synthesized using improved hydrothermal method (atmospheric pressure, 95   °C), and by manipulating the pH of the reaction medium, GaOOH:Cr 3+ with different sizes (125.70   nm, 200.60   nm and 313.90   nm) were synthesized. Then β-Ga 2 O 3 :Cr 3+ nanoparticles with porous structures were developed as a result of the calcination of GaOOH:Cr 3+ . The fabricated, porous β-Ga 2 O 3 :Cr 3+ nanoparticles could effectively absorb doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) (loading rate: 8% approximately) and had near infrared photoluminescence with a 695   nm emission. Furthermore, β-Ga 2 O 3 :Cr 3+ nanoparticles were coated with l -Cys modified hyaluronic acid (HA-Cys) by exploiting the electrostatic interaction and the cross-link effect of disulfide bond to improve the stability. The DOX loaded HA-Cys coated β-Ga 2 O 3 :Cr 3+ nanoparticles (HA/β-Ga 2 O 3 :Cr 3+ /DOX) showed an oxidation–reduction sensitive drug release behavior. The HA-Cys coated β-Ga 2 O 3 :Cr 3+ nanoparticles showed a low cytotoxicity on MCF-7 and Hela cell lines. The cellular uptake of HA/β-Ga 2 O 3 :Cr 3+ /DOX using the near infrared photoluminescence of β-Ga 2 O 3 :Cr 3+ nanoparticles and the fluorescence of DOX demonstrated the HA/β-Ga 2 O 3 :Cr 3+ /DOX could internalize into tumor cells quickly, which was affected by the size and shape of β-Ga 2 O 3 :Cr 3+ nanoparticles.

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Current Analytical Chemistry · 2017 ·Vol. 13 ·期 3 ·250-255 · IF 1.306

Determination of Cd2+, Cr3+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ in Traditional Chinese Medicine Shuanghuanglian Oral Liquid by High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis

Luan Feng,Lu Yuxi,Tang Lili,Liu Huitao

Background: The safety and level of heavy metal ions in the traditional Chinese medicine has become an important topic. Most of the metal ions are carcinogens and lead to serious health concerns by producing free radicals. It is of great significance to develop simple and effective methods to determine heavy metal ions. The aim of this paper is to develop a CE-indirect UV method for the analysis of the four heavy metal ions for Chinese medicine Shuanghuanglian oral liquid. Methods: The alternative CE method for separation and test of metal ions was developed in this paper, which can help control the safety and level of heavy metal ions in traditional Chinese medicine Shuanghuanglian oral liquid. And the developed HPCE method showed superior analytical performance, including high sensitivity and good selectivity. Results: The experimental conditions of the CE separation method were: 5s hydrodynamic injection at 0.5 psi, 20 kV applied voltage, and UV detection at 218 nm. The results show that the migration time of all the four heavy metal ions was less than 6 min. The calibration curves for four heavy metal ions were linear in the range of 0.5-35 μg mL-1 with linear correlation coefficients of 0.9984-0.9999. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.08-0.61 μg mL-1 along with the recoveries of 93.0% to 109.5%. Conclusion: A simple, rapid and sensitive HPCE method has been developed to separate four heavy metal ions including Cd2+, Cr3+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ in traditional Chinese medicine Shuanghuanglian oral liquid. The comprehensive analysis performance is satisfactory. The proposed HPCE method provides shorter analysis time and lower detection limit. The results demonstrated that the developed CE method can be potentially applied as an good alternative for quality control of TCM.

✓ 已验证 DOI 高影响因子
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DYES AND PIGMENTS · 2020 · IF 4.613

Turn-on fluorescence in a stable Cd(II) metal-organic framework for highly sensitive detection of Cr3+ in water

He Li,Donglin Li,Bowen Qin,Wenliang Li,Haoyan Zheng,Xiaoying Zhang,Jingping Zhang

An extremely stable pillar-layered metal-organic framework (MOF), [Cd 4 (NDC) 3 (4-Hptz) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ]·H 2 O (1), has been successfully designed and synthesized (4-Hptz = 5-(4-pyridyl)-tetrazolate, NDC = 1,4-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid). Compound 1 can detect Cr 3+ in water by fluorescence enhancement, which is the first known case of MOF. This is of great significance for our study on new fluorescent probes .

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Journal of Materials Chemistry C · 2023 ·Vol. 11 ·期 27 ·9291-9299 · IF 6.4

Highly efficient and thermally stable broadband near-infrared emitting garnet Ca3Sc2Ge3O12:Cr3+,Ce3+ phosphors for multiple pc-LED applications

Yining Wang,Mengmeng Shang,Yixin Sun,Minliang Deng,Xiaole Xing,Peipei Dang,Jun Lin

With the increasing demand for the application of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in security, agriculture, medical and other fields, people have been seeking efficient and intelligent NIR light sources. Herein, Cr3+ doped Ca3Sc2Ge3O12 (CSGG) broadband NIR phosphors are successfully synthesized. Under excitation of 480 nm, the emission peak of CSGG:Cr3+ is located at 785 nm, and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) is 106 nm. Low photoluminescence spectra (7 K and 77 K) support the broadband NIR emission coming from two Cr3+ luminescence centers occupying ScO6 and CaO8 sites, respectively. CSGG:Cr3+ exhibits excellent thermal stability (97% at 100 °C) and low internal quantum efficiency (IQE = 22%). The introduction of Ce3+ leads to the enhancement of IQE from 22% to 61% due to the following two reasons: the energy transfer from Ce3+ to Cr3+ and the lattice distortion which improves the parity forbidden transition of Cr3+. The mechanism of excellent luminescence thermal stability is revealed from the following perspectives: thermal activation energy, the Huang–Rhys factor and the thermal ionization effect. Benefiting from the excellent performance of CSGG:Cr3+,Ce3+ NIR phosphors, the combination with blue light chips demonstrates their potential applications in night vision security, biological imaging, and nondestructive testing.

✓ 已验证 DOI 高影响因子
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Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications · 2017 · IF 4.164

Near-infrared persistent luminescence phosphors ZnGa2O4:Cr3 + as an accurately tracker to photothermal therapy in vivo for visual treatment

Hongbin Chen,Bin Zheng,Chao Liang,Li Zhao,Ying Zhang,Huizhuo Pan,Wanying Ji,Xiaoqun Gong,Hanjie Wang,Jin Chang

The photothermal therapy agents induced by 808 nm near infrared light laser have good potential for photothermal therapy (PTT) in vivo, with the advantages of harmless treatment, minimally invasion, high efficiency and deep tissue penetration. For the traditional photothermal therapy agents, however, it was impossible to track them in vivo because of the low signal-to-noise ratio, so we cannot conduct the extra near infrared light laser to radiate tumors sites accurately. Herein, we introduce a new complex: indocyanine green (ICG), near-infrared persistent luminescence (PL) phosphors ZnGa 2 O 4 :Cr 3   + (ZGC) and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) (ICG@mZGC nanoparticles) were assembled for long-lasting optical imaging to guide PTT. The results revealed that the novel nanoparticle, ICG@mZGC, could lower signal-to-noise ratio, enable highly sensitive optical detection during optical imaging-guided PTT and perform a good effect of photothermal therapy in vivo, and thus providing possibilities for mZGC to improve the localization precision of tumor sites in photothermal therapy in the body.

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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL · 2021 · IF 13.273

A highly efficient and suitable spectral profile Cr3+-doped garnet near-infrared emitting phosphor for regulating photomorphogenesis of plants

Xikun Zou,Xiaojun Wang,Haoran Zhang,Yunyan Kang,Xian Yang,Xuejie Zhang,Maxim S. Molokeev,Bingfu Lei

Far-red/phytochrome (P FR ) plays a key role in photomorphogenesis of plants. However, how to obtain a near-infrared (NIR) emitting phosphor with high external quantum efficiency (EQE), suitable spectral profile, and low thermal quenching remains a huge challenge. Herein, a NIR phosphor, Gd 2.4 Lu 0.6 Ga 4 AlO 12 :Cr 3+ ,H 3 BO 3 (GLGA:Cr 3+ ) was developed via regulating the crystal field environment and adding fluxes, which exhibits a peak maximum at 728 nm with a relatively narrow full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of 107 nm, matching well with the absorption band of P FR . Upon 450 nm excitation, the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and EQE of the optimal phosphor are 90.3% and 32.0%, respectively. At 423 K, the integrated emission intensity of the investigated phosphor is about 75% of that at room temperature. Benefiting from the excellent optical performance, a NIR phosphor-converted light-emitting diode (pc-LED) was fabricated, which shows a NIR output power of 505.99 mW and photoelectric conversion efficiency of 11.24% at 300 mA. Moreover, plant growth experiments demonstrate that the biomass of pea seedlings is increased by 67.72% under supplementary NIR light irradiation. The findings of this research will motivate further research on new Cr 3+ -doped NIR phosphors for regulating photomorphogenesis of plants.

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ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA · 2022 · IF 7.336

Effect of Cr3+ doping on the electrochemical performance of Na3V2(PO4)2F3/C cathode materials for sodium ion battery

Xiaoli Yi,Hongyue Luo,Yongmao Zhou,Shihao Feng,Jiexi Wang,Zhixing Wang,Jianguo Duan,Ding Wang,Huajun Guo,Guochun Yan

Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 is considered as one of the most promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, the low electronic conductivity of this material severely restricts its electrochemical performance. Herein, Cr-doped Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 /C material was synthesized by a simple sol-gel method, and the effects of Cr 3+ doping on the structure, morphology and electrochemical performance were systematically investigated. The optimized material Na 3 V 2-x Cr x (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 /C (x = 0.05) exhibits high initial discharge capacity of 101.9 mAh g −1 at 10 C and keep a capacity retention of 68.7 % after 1000 cycles. The improved electrochemical performance can be attributed to the higher crystallinity, improved intrinsic electronic conductivity and sodium ion diffusion coefficient due to the doped Cr 3+ , which accelerates the electron transport and charge transfer rate. The optimized Cr-doped Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 F 3 /C material obtained in this work can promote the practical application of Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 F 3 cathode.

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ACS Applied Optical Materials · 2023 · IF 0

Pretreatment-Free Dual-Excitation Three-Mode Detection of β-Lactamase in Milk and Bacteria by Cr3+-Doped ZnAl2O4 Phosphors

Jie Zhu,Yang Sun,Meng-Xin Duan,Zheng-Wu Wang,Xin Tan,Zhen Yu,He-Fang Wang

The fast and accurate detection of β-lactamase is a prerequisite of customized treatments and food safety. We present a pretreatment-free dual-excitation three-mode detection of β-lactamase by using ZnAl2O4:Cr3+ etched by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium (ZAO-EDTA) as a phosphorescent probe and nitrocefin as the signal mediator. The changes in the wavelength overlaps of UV–vis absorbance of nitrocefin upon interactions with β-lactamase and the dual excitation of ZAO-EDTA enable the design of three detection modes: i.e., the enhanced emission when excited at 393 nm, the quenched emission when excited at 533 nm, and the ratio of enhanced excitation of 393 nm and decreased excitation of 533 nm to determine β-lactamase. All three modes have a wide linear range, high sensitivity and selectivity, and fine anti-interference capability. The lowest limit of detection is observed in the ratiometric excitation mode (0.2 U·L–1), and the proposed method can directly detect β-lactamase in bacteria and milk samples without any pretreatments, with the spiked recoveries of 95.3–113% and relative standard deviation < 3.1%. Therefore, the proposed method would be attractive for the detection of β-lactamase in a complex sample, and the ZAO-EDTA probe can be widely used to establish other excitation ratiometric optosensings by changing other signal mediators.

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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY · 2024 · IF 4.3

Achieving Thermally Stable YAl3–xGax(BO3)4:Cr3+ Near-Infrared Emitting Phosphors via Chemical Substitution for Plant Growth LEDs

Jin Yang,Jianhao Zha,Qinan Mao,Heyi Yang,Lang Pei,Jiasong Zhong

Indoor plant cultivation has been receiving increased attention due to concerns about sustainable agricultural production. Phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs) offer substantial promise as lighting solutions for regulating plant growth. However, the quest for high-performance phosphors with precise responsiveness to far-red phytochromes poses a challenge. Our study proposes a chemical substitution strategy to develop near-infrared (NIR) phosphors, YAl3–xGax(BO3)4:Cr3+. Benefiting from Ga3+ replacement of Al3+, a red shift in the NIR emission of YAl3–xGax(BO3)4:Cr3+ is realized to attain a good alignment with far-red phytochrome absorption centering at 730 nm. The optimized YAl2.5Ga0.5(BO3)4:Cr3+ exhibits a favorable quantum yield of 71.8% and robust thermal stability of 101.0%@423 K, owing to local structural distortion and thermal repopulation caused by Ga3+ incorporation. The fabricated pc-LED combined with the phosphor yields an NIR output power of 40.9 mW and a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 15.4% at 100 mA. Plant growth experiments demonstrate that under NIR illumination from the devices, the average lengths of pea roots and stems gain 127 and 225% promotion, respectively, further highlighting the potential of YAl2.5Ga0.5(BO3)4:Cr3+ phosphors for applications in plant cultivation.

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DALTON TRANSACTIONS · 2022 ·Vol. 51 ·期 29 ·10965-10972 · IF 4.569

Crystal-field induced tuning of luminescence properties of Na3GaxAl1−xF6:Cr3+ phosphors with good thermal stability for NIR LEDs

Jianbang Zhou,Pengyun Chen,Junhao Li,Mingming Yang,Wei Jiang,Qiuhong Zhang,Haiyong Ni,Jiansheng Huo

Cr3+-Activated broadband near-infrared (NIR) luminescence materials are attracting much attention as next-generation smart NIR light sources that are widely used in night vision, bioimaging, medical treatment, and many other fields. Herein, a series of Na3GaxAl1−xF6:Cr3+ NIR phosphors with broadband emission and tunable luminescence properties were designed and prepared. The luminescence intensity, peak position and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the materials can be controlled by adjusting the crystal field strength. Furthermore, Na3Ga0.75Al0.25F6:0.35Cr3+ exhibited high luminous efficiency and the emission intensity remained 81% at 423 K compared with the initial value at 298 K. The structural confinement and the electron–phonon coupling (EPC) effect may account for its good thermal stability. Finally, a pc-NIR-LED device with a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 6.53% at 350 mA was fabricated by combining the as-prepared NIR phosphor and a blue InGaN chip, and its applications in night vision and medical fields were further investigated. This work will promote the development of NIR phosphors with tunable luminescence properties.

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