Nature Communications
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2020
·Vol. 11
·期 1
·1-11
·
IF 12.121
Gao Shaojie,Hao Shaoyun,Huang Zhennan,Yuan Yifei,Han Song,Lei Lecheng,Zhang Xingwang,Shahbazian-Yassar Reza,Lu Jun
High-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) are important class of materials with significant technological potential. However, the strategies for synthesizing uniformly dispersed HEA-NPs on granular supports such as carbon materials, γ-Al 2 O 3 , and zeolite, which is vital to their practical applications, are largely unexplored. Herein, we present a fast moving bed pyrolysis strategy to immobilize HEA-NPs on granular supports with a narrow size distribution of 2 nm up to denary (MnCoNiCuRhPdSnIrPtAu) HEA-NPs at 923 K. Fast moving bed pyrolysis strategy ensures the mixed metal precursors rapidly and simultaneously pyrolyzed at high temperatures, resulting in nuclei with a small size. The representative quinary (FeCoPdIrPt) HEA-NPs exhibit high stability (150 h) toward hydrogen evolution reaction with high mass activity, which is 26 times higher than the commercial Pt/C at an overpotential of 100 mV. Our strategy provides an improved methodology for synthesizing HEA-NPs on various supports.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
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2020
·Vol. 27
·期 18
·22806-22817
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IF 3.056
Li Jie,Yu Guangwei,Pan Lanjia,Li Chunxing,You Futian,Wang Yin
Antibiotics residues in aqueous environment and sewage sludge accumulation have become serious environmental issues. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal by sludge-based biochar prepared from co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and bamboo waste (BW). The stability and environmental risk of heavy metals (HMs) in the biochar were further investigated to evaluate potential risks for biochar utilization. Results showed that BW was an outstanding additive to prepare co-pyrolyzed biochar from sludge. A higher CIP removal rate (95%) of BW-sludge biochar (SBC) was obtained under initial CIP concentration of 10 mg/L, and its maximum adsorption capacity was 62.48 mg/g which was calculated from the Langmuir model. The pseudo-second-order and Freundlich model also well fit the CIP adsorption process, indicating a chemical and multilayer adsorption of CIP on a heterogeneous surface of biochar. Adsorption mechanism analysis indicated that the diverse functional groups and Fe species in biochar probably were the dominant factors in the adsorption of CIP. The π-π interaction, H–bond, ion exchange, and Fe-complexation might be the main interactions between the functional species and CIP molecules. Besides, HMs, especially the Cr, Cd, and As, were well immobilized in SBC compared with pure sludge biochar. This work suggested that sludge-based biochar, especially the co-pyrolyzed SBC, could be a potential adsorbent for CIP removal from aqueous solutions.
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FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
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2022
·
IF 8.129
Yiling Wan,Kuan Ding,Jason Chun-Ho Lam,Daoxu Zhong,Shu Zhang
Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass over CeO 2 to prepare ketonic chemicals is an important way to achieve carbon emission reduction, whereas the role of catalyst structure has long been overlooked. In this work, nano-CeO 2 with different crystal shapes, namely nanorods (R-CeO 2 ), nano-polyhedra (P-CeO 2 ), and nanocubes (C-CeO 2 ), were synthesized and then tested in catalytic ketonization of xylan . Results showed that among all the three catalysts, C-CeO 2 produced the highest yield of ketones . Characterization results revealed that C-CeO 2 presented the lowest content of oxygen vacancies while exhibiting the highest proportion of {100} facets, proving that the {100} facets made a greater contribution to the total yield of ketones . On the other hand, P-CeO 2 and R-CeO 2 displayed a better selectivity to linear ketones, which was beneficial to improving the product quality. The relative contents of {111} facets of these catalysts were higher than C-CeO 2 , demonstrating that the {111} facets could selectively produce linear ketones. The proposed mechanism indicated that P-CeO 2 and R-CeO 2 principally enhanced the ketonic deoxygenation reactions, while C-CeO 2 also promoted the recyclization reaction, producing more cyclic ketones . These findings disclose that the {111} facets of CeO 2 are more favorable to producing valuable linear ketones.
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FUEL
·
2022
·
IF 8.035
K. Radhakrishnan,P. Senthil Kumar,Gayathri Rangasamy,L. Praveen Perumal,S. Sanaulla,S. Nilavendhan,V. Manivasagan,K. Saranya
Plastic production has increased globally, and many of these plastic items are no longer in use. The plastic wastes end up as garbage, disposed of in landfills, or scattered, posing major health and environmental risks. In terms of sustainability, converting plastic trash into fuels or any other better option, individual monomers, is a far more environmentally friendly waste management option than landfill dumping. Nearly 1.3 billion metric tonnes of plastic are produced annually as businesses strive to meet the demands of consumers. Plastic is made through a process called polymerization, in which hydrocarbons are rearranged into new molecules. These hydrocarbons often have a high molecular mass, and they may also contain other chemicals to boost their performance. Plastic is a useful material because, among other things, it is durable, lasts a long time, is inexpensive, and has many other benefits. Because plastic can take decades to degrade if left alone, effective waste plastic disposal should be a top priority for every-one. Yet, growing industrialization and urbanization have contributed to a discernible rise in fuel demand. Finding renewable energy sources to replace fossil fuels is now a critical global priority. Plastics-to-gasoline conversion provides a means to solve both of these problems. By applying intense heat (more than 370 °C) and an oxygen-free environment, pyrolysis thermochemically decomposes organic materials. The byproducts of pyrolysis are carbon black, hydrocarbons, and pyrolysis oil. This review focuses on pyrolysis as it is the most popular and efficient method for turning polymers into fuels in comparison with other methods. This review comprises the knowledge of different types of plastics and their properties. The major discussion was focused on pyrolysis methods for recycling plastics. To have better knowledge competitive recycling method were discussed. The optimization parameter for recycling process, by-products of plastics, advantages and disadvantages of pyrolysis process are discussed to identify the drawbacks and research gaps. The pyrolysis method are potential for addressing waste plastic management and highlights the need for a reliable alternative fuel source.
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Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2024
·
IF 9.7
Yang Liu,Chunbao Zhou,Asif Ali Siyal,Chenglong Liu,Yingwen Zhang,Jie Fu,Huimin Yun,Jianjun Dai,Xiaotao Bi
In this paper, a cleaner pyrolysis strategy combining microwave heating, catalyst and carbon dioxide was explored for converting biomass components into higher quality products. Catalytic pyrolysis was more favorable for the decomposition and conversion of complex biomass structures. For furfural residue pyrolysis , potassium sulfate contained in sample served as the main catalytic component. Potassium sulfate promoted the increase of phenols in bio-oil. Notably, carbon dioxide atmosphere promoted the decomposition of substances and exerted a significant effect on biomass pyrolysis , which increased bio-oil yield and declined gas yield. When the pyrolysis atmosphere was changed from nitrogen to carbon dioxide, the I D /I G ratio decreased from 1.07 to 0.74, indicating that carbon dioxide decreased defect structure in biochar. Carbon dioxide enriched the porous structure and surface roughness of biochar. Also, carbon dioxide as a carrier gas was found to be more effective than nitrogen in improving the heating values of biochar and the acidity of bio-oil under carbon dioxide was lower than that under nitrogen, which was conducive to the subsequent utilization of biochar and bio-oil. Carbon dioxide promoted the production of alcohols, alkenes , and alkanes in bio-oil. Beneficially, the interaction of cellulose and lignin inhibited the release of hydrogen chloride . At last, this study also provides insights into the mechanism of catalyst and CO 2 on biomass microwave pyrolysis .
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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
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2025
·
IF 8.4
Zhipeng Li,Ruochun Zhang,Jun Huang,Dandan Yu,Zhanjun Cheng,Guanyi Chen,Peizhe Sun
The continuously growing of municipal solid waste (MSW) has posed a threat to human-being. Pyrolysis is a promising technique for MSW disposal, as it can reduce its volume and produce valuable products as well. This study evaluated the potential of carbon residue (CR) derived from waste carton as soil amendment. Additionally, considering the waste plastics, such as plastic bags, plastic tape, etc., can mix with carton in MSW, the effect of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) addition on the characteristics of CR and its environmental behavior was measured. Results showed that the CR derived from carton exhibited notable efficacy in adsorbing Cd 2+ (56.111 mg/g), pesticides and PO 4 3− (0.231 mmol/g), thereby mitigating pollutants and immobilizing nutrient in soil environment. The introduction of PVC was found to enhance the adsorption of CR for Cd 2+ (65.623 mg/g) and PO 4 3− (0.524 mmol/g), albeit exhibiting diminished performance in the removal of pesticides. Different from previous studies, this study revealed that the dissolved black carbon (DBC) released from CRs did not generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) effectively under solar irradiation, and the light screening of DBC can mitigate the photodegradation of pollutants. Furthermore, both CRs increased bacterial luminescence by approximately 70%, which indicated that no toxicity produced during the pyrolysis process. And gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed the absence of polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in CRs. In summary, this study may provide some new insights on the disposal of MSW, and the CR made by MSW could be effective in soil amendment and reduce the leaching of pollutants and nutrient.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2016
·
IF 3.652
Shiliang Wu,Hongwei Yang,Jun Hu,Dekui Shen,Huiyan Zhang,Rui Xiao
In this work, the pyrolysis of furans (furan, 2-methylfuran, furfuryl alcohol , and furfural) have been checked by Py-GC–MS at 1100 °C to detect the decomposition of furans and the formation of benzene derivatives and PAH. From the Py-GC–MS results, different side chain functional groups on furan-ring lead to different kinds of products and product distributions, such as hydroxyl group leading to dimers, and aldehyde group leading to pyrans, but the mechanism for furan-ring opening and decomposition is universal for furans pyrolyzed in this study. In order to explain the experimental results and the formation of benzene derivatives and PAH, the formation of benzene from furan has also been calculated by B3LYP/6-31G + +(d,p). Two possible benzene formation mechanisms, Diels-Alder and acetylene reaction mechanism, have been proposed and calculated. By comparison, it has been regarded that Diels-Alder reaction was more possible for PAH formation as this mechanism has a lower activation energy for initiation step, but acetylene reaction mechanism was more possible for benzene formation as this mechanism has a lower global activation energy.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2016
·
IF 3.652
Zhen-Yi Du,Xia Wang,Zhi-Hua Zhang,Jie Feng,Yu-Hong Qin,Bin-Bin Zhang,Wen-Ying Li
The reforming characteristics of biomass volatiles on anthracite chars were investigated by comparing the structural evolution of tars derived from cellulose and lignin as the major biomass components. In a two-stage quartz reactor, the pyrolysis volatiles of cellulose and lignin were produced in the first stage and then reformed in the second stage with or without the presence of anthracite chars between 600 and 900 °C. The results show that the presence of anthracite chars enhanced the destruction of volatiles of both feedstocks. Furthermore, the tar yields of lignin showed a slower decreasing trend with temperature than those of cellulose, suggesting that the lignin volatiles were more refractory to be reformed. The lignin tars had higher molecular weights and contained higher percentage of compounds with large aromatic ring systems (≥3 fused benzene rings) than cellulose tars in the studied temperature range. Compositional analysis revealed that tars of both feedstocks experienced the transition from phenolic compounds to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with increasing temperature. The surface areas of anthracite chars were reduced because of coke deposition after interacting with the volatiles of both feedstocks below 800 °C, above which the net gasification of chars took place.
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COMBUSTION AND FLAME
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2016
·
IF 4.168
Huiyan Zhang,Yun Wang,Shanshan Shao,Rui Xiao
Catalytic conversion of furfural to olefins and aromatics was conducted over ZSM-5 in a fixed-bed reactor. The effects of temperature, weight hourly space velocity and partial pressure on the yield and selectivity of products were investigated and the coked catalysts were characterized. The kinetics of furfural catalytic conversion including catalyst deactivation caused by coke deposition was built. The results showed that the main products of furfural catalytic conversion were aromatics, olefins, furan and coke. High temperature, high partial pressure and low WHSV promoted the formation of olefins and aromatics. The catalytic reaction pathway was speculated to be the decarboxylation of furfural to form furan, with further reactions to form olefins and aromatics. The amount of coke deposited on the catalyst increased with increasing reaction time. The surface area and acidity of catalysts declined as coke formed on the acid sites and blocked the pore channels, which led to the decrease of olefin and aromatic yields. Finally, a kinetic model considering coke deposition had been built based on the above reaction pathway to properly predict the product distribution.
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RSC Advances
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2016
·Vol. 6
·期 109
·107970-107976
·
IF 3.289
Jiao Chen,Chao Liu,Shubin Wu,Jiajin Liang,Ming Lei
Black liquor is an attractive option for the generation of biofuel and fine chemical intermediates. In this work, kraft lignin was extracted from black liquor and its potential was evaluated in the production of high quality bio-oil via catalytic pyrolysis under two different reaction regimes (N2 and 10% H2 in N2). The 2D HSQC NMR result showed that the lignin obtained directly through acidic precipitation with CO2 mainly consisted of syringyl lignin units and cross-linked C–C bond substructures. The thermal decomposition of the sample mainly occurred at 200–500 °C and the char yield was 44.46% at 700 °C. The catalytic pyrolysis experiment indicated that the addition of catalysts (NiO, MoO2, and Co3O4) could inhibit char formation and enhance the properties of bio-oil by removing oxygenated compounds via releasing CO and CO2 under a N2 atmosphere. The addition of the catalysts could prompt lignin degradation and increase the yield of bio-oil in the presence of H2. The yield of bio-oil increased by 26.38% with Co3O4 catalytic pyrolysis under a H2/N2 atmosphere.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
·
2016
·
IF 2.75
Yi Li,Muhammad Nadeem Amin,Xingmei Lu,Chunshan Li,Fuqiang Ren,Suojiang Zhang
The catalyst NiO/MgO–Al 2 O 3 was prepared by loading magnesium and nickel onto the surface of γ-Al 2 O 3 beads, respectively, and was adapted to in situ upgrade the high temperature pyrolysis vapor derived from coal pyrolysis. The catalyst synthesis process, and structural variation were characterized by the XRD, SEM, and physical adsorption analyzer. In order to examine the catalytic effect on the different nickel loading ratio in the catalysts, the solid–liquid–gas product distribution, variation of gas and components of coal tar were studied by simulated distillation, GC/MS, elemental analysis and so on. The results shows both the tar yield and the content of the light fraction in the tar can be increased by catalytic up grade. The catalyst has a strong ability to convert the heavy component and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the tar to lower molecular weight components.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2017
·
IF 3.471
Leilei Dai,Liangliang Fan,Dengle Duan,Roger Ruan,Yunpu Wang,Yuhuan Liu,Yue Zhou,Zhenting Yu,Yuezhen Liu,Lin Jiang
Fast microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis (fMACP) of soapstock for hydrocarbon-rich bio-oil using different catalysts was investigated in this study. Effects of catalyst, pyrolysis temperature and catalyst to feed ratio on product fractional yields and chemical composition were studied. Experimental results indicated that the use of catalyst increased the relative content of hydrocarbons and selectivity of aromatics. Moreover, HZSM-5 catalyst enhanced the bio-oil yield. When HZSM-5 zeolite was used as a catalyst, 600 °C was the optimal pyrolysis temperature, which provides the maximum bio-oil yield and high content of hydrocarbons. At the cost of the decrease of bio-oil yield, the increase of catalyst to feed ratio increased the relative content of hydrocarbons from 65.41% to 88.59% and selectivity of aromatics from 5.99% to 29.46%. In addition, the analytical results of bio-char show that bio-char with micropore structure and high contents of the essential plant nutrients and micronutrients can be used as a soil amendment to improve soil productivity.
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