Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance of CdSe Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells Utilizing Sm–Eu Co-Doped TiO2 Photoanodes
In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO
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IGF1 receptor-targeted black TiO2 nanoprobes for MRI-guided synergetic photothermal-chemotherapy in drug resistant pancreatic tumor
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the deadliest malignant tumors with features of matrix barrier caused poor drug permeability, and susceptibility to drug resistance. Herein, a PDAC and its stromal cell dual-targeted photothermal-chemotherapy strategy is explored to loosen the matrix and reverse drug resistance. To achieve this goal, black TiO2-Gd nanocomposites were conjugated with insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and loaded with gemcitabine (GEM) to construct bTiO2-Gd-IGF1-GEM nanoprobes. In vitro results show that under 808 nm near-infrared irradiation, killing effect of the nanoprobes on drug-resistant MIA PaCa-2 cell is 3.3 times than that of GEM alone. In vivo experiments indicate the synergetic photothermal-chemotherapy not only loosens fibrous matrix of pancreatic tumor model, but also dramatically inhibits tumor growth, and almost completely eradicates the tumor after 12 days of treatment. In addition, relaxation rate of the nanoprobes is 8.2 times than commercial contrast agent Magnevist, therefore boosts the signal of magnetic resonance imaging in pancreatic tumor. In conclusion, our results reinforce that the prepared nanoprobes are promising to break matrix barrier and overcome drug resistance in PDAC.
Photo-Thermo Catalytic Oxidation of C3H8 and C3H6 over the WO3-TiO2 Supported Pt Single-Atom Catalyst
Catalytic oxidation is a commonly employed technology in the industry for removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) due to its exceptional efficiency under mild operating conditions. Although supported Pt-based nano-catalysts are recognized widely as one of the most promising and extensively used industrial catalysts for VOC abatement, their practical application, and development are restricted by their exorbitant cost. Single-atom catalyst (SAC) with maximized metal utilization and exclusive electronic character has been explored extensively in various catalytic reactions. However, Pt SAC is usually deemed to be inactive in hydrocarbon oxidation reactions in thermal catalysis, compared with its nanoparticle counterpart. Here, we demonstrate that the WO 3 -TiO 2 supported Pt SAC (Pt 1 /WO 3 -TiO 2 ) exhibits much higher activities than the corresponding nanoparticle catalyst (Pt NP /WO 3 -TiO 2 ) in photo-thermo catalytic oxidation of C 3 H 8 and C 3 H 6 , which represent different kinds of typical VOCs. A key finding is that the activities of Pt 1 /WO 3 -TiO 2 and Pt NP /WO 3 -TiO 2 can be accelerated in photo-thermo catalytic C 3 H 8 oxidation by overcoming oxygen poisoning. Upon the light irradiation, the apparent active energy ( E a ) of the Pt 1 /WO 3 -TiO 2 and Pt NP /WO 3 -TiO 2 decline from 116 to 60 kJ·mol −1 and from 103 to 30 kJ·mol −1 , respectively, substantiating their effectiveness in photo-thermo catalysis. Notably, a substantially higher reaction rate of 3792 μmol∙g Pt −1 ∙s −1 on the Pt 1 /WO 3 -TiO 2 is achieved, which should be a benchmark for C 3 H 8 oxidation. More intriguingly, photo-thermo catalytic C 3 H 6 oxidation on the Pt NP /WO 3 -TiO 2 is prohibited due to the strong adsorption-induced C 3 H 6 poisoning on the Pt nanoparticles, for which the E a of the Pt NP /WO 3 -TiO 2 catalyst for C 3 H 6 oxidation is maintained at approximately 55 kJ·mol −1 , regardless of the light irradiation. In comparison, the C 3 H 6 poisoning on the Pt 1 /WO 3 -TiO 2 can be mitigated by light illumination, where the E a of the Pt 1 /WO 3 -TiO 2 catalyst for C 3 H 6 oxidation dramatically reduced from 49 to 16 kJ·mol −1 , signifying that the high energy barrier of C 3 H 6 oxidation can be mediated by the light. Profiting from the apt affinity between C 3 H 6 and Pt single atoms, the photogenerated electrons accumulated on the Pt single atoms produce repulsive force towards the electron-rich C 3 H 6 molecules, which is conducive to the C 3 H 6 desorption from the Pt 1 /WO 3 -TiO 2 . Therefore, the Pt 1 /WO 3 -TiO 2 exhibits enhanced activity in photo-thermo catalytic C 3 H 6 oxidation. This study exemplifies that the advantages of SAC are not only saving the consumption of precious metals but also discovering new catalytic reactions on the account of the specific electronic characteristic. Download: Download high-res image (85KB) Download: Download full-size image
Mesostructured perovskite solar cells based on highly ordered TiO2 network scaffold via anodization of Ti thin film
An anodized TiO2 interconnected network was fabricated and utilized as a mesoporous scaffold and electron transporter in perovskite solar cells. By modifying the synthesis parameters, the morphological features of the interconnected TiO2 nanostructures can be widely tuned and precisely controlled. The functional properties of the anodized TiO2 network are found to be severely influenced by morphology as well as the extent of oxidation. The device with the optimized TiO2 network exhibits superior electron extraction and transferability, resulting in conspicuous enhancement of the photocurrent and power conversion efficiency (PCE). This work proposes a promising and facile method for improving the performance of perovskite solar cells.
Influence of compact TiO2 layer on the photovoltaic characteristics of the organometal halide perovskite-based solar cells
A series of perovskite-based solar cells were fabricated wherein a compact layer (CL) of TiO 2 of varying thickness (0–390 nm) was introduced by spray pyrolysis deposition between fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode and TiO 2 nanoparticle layer in perovskite-based solar cells. Investigations of the CL thickness-dependent current density–voltage ( J–V ) characteristics, dark current, and open circuit voltage ( V oc ) decays showed a similar trend for thickness dependence. A CL thickness of 90 nm afforded the perovskite-based solar cell with the maximum power conversion efficiency ( η , 3.17%). Furthermore, two additional devices, perovskite-based solar cell omitting hole transporting materials layer and cell without the TiO 2 nanoparticles, were designed and fabricated to study the influence of the CL thickness on different electron transport paths in perovskite-based solar cells. Solar cells devoid of TiO 2 nanoparticles, but with perovskite and organic hole-transport materials (HTMs), exhibited sustained improvement in photovoltaic performances with increase in the thickness of CL, which is in contrast to the behavior of classical perovskite-based solar cell and common solid state solar cell which showed optimal photovoltaic performances when the thickness of CL is 90 nm. These observations suggested that TiO 2 nanoparticles play a significant role in electron transport in perovskite-based solar cells.
An inverse opal TiO2/g-C3N4 composite with a heterojunction for enhanced visible light-driven photocatalytic activity
A TiO2/g-C3N4 composite photocatalyst with an inverse opal structure and heterojunction has been successfully prepared by a relatively facile approach. The catalyst was characterized by a combination of XRD, SEM, HRTEM, XPS, PL, EIS and DRS techniques and applied for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants represented by Rhodamine B, phenol and levofloxacin. The results of RhB degradation showed that the rate constant of inverse opal TiO2/g-C3N4 with the best compound ratio is 0.184 min−1, which is 2.7 times faster than that of normal TiO2/g-C3N4 and 4.2 times faster than that of inverse opal TiO2. The enhancement of photocatalytic activity may be attributed to the matched overlapping band structure and the interaction between inverse opal g-C3N4 and TiO2. The inverse opal structure of g-C3N4 has improved the optical absorption properties of g-C3N4 and the interaction between inverse opal g-C3N4 and TiO2 creates more interfaces for the efficient transfer of photogenerated electron–hole pairs to restrict the recombination, which was proved from the photoluminescence spectra (PL). Moreover, a possible photocatalytic mechanism has been tentatively proposed according to the experimental results. All in all, both the inverse opal structure and heterojunction construction play significant roles in the excellent photocatalytic degradation performance according to the mechanism investigation.
Preparation and characterization of hyacinth bean starch film incorporated with TiO2 nanoparticles and Mesona chinensis Benth polysaccharide
Hyacinth bean starch (HBS) was used to prepare nanocomposite films with the reinforcement agent of nanotitanium oxide (TiO 2 -N) and Mesona chinensis Benth polysaccharide (MCP). The effects of TiO 2 -N and MCP on the moisture combination, rheological properties of film-forming solutions (FFS) and physiochemical properties of films were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that HBS, TiO 2 -N and MCP had good compatibility, while no novel absorption peak in FTIR spectra, and characteristic peaks of TiO 2 -N were found in XRD patterns of composite films. Contact angle of HBS/TiO 2 -N/M3 film increased from 65.6° to 90.9°, which illustrated that TiO 2 -N and MCP effectively enhanced hydrophobicity of films. TiO 2 -N and MCP positively affected anti-UV light ability of HBS films by resisting most of invisible light. Furthermore, stable and compact network structures were formed by the synergistic effect of TiO 2 -N and MCP, thereby elongation to break was increased from 17.123% to 28.603% significantly, and heat resistance was enhanced clearly. This study prepared a nanocomposite HBS-based films based TiO 2 -N and MCP, which had guiding significance for development of functional films and combination of polysaccharides and metallic oxide.
Improvement of heat resistance in silicone rubber by Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles prepared via flame spray pyrolysis
In recent years, the development of heat-resistant silicone rubber has been a research hotspot. In this paper, a kind of Fe doped TiO 2 nanoparticles (Fe-TiO 2 ) was prepared via flame spray pyrolysis, which can significantly improve the high temperature resistance of silicone rubber. The results show that, on the one hand, the prepared Fe-TiO 2 can inhibit the breakage of Si-O main chain; on the other hand, because Fe is doped into the lattice of TiO 2 , it causes the change of TiO 2 crystal phase and produces more oxygen vacancies, which is more beneficial to capture free radicals in silicone rubber matrix, so that Fe-TiO 2 can effectively inhibit the excessive cross-linking of silicone chain caused by methyl oxidation on the side of silicone rubber. TGA results showed that after adding Fe-TiO 2 , the 5 % thermal weight loss temperature of methyl vinyl silicone rubber increased from 392.8 °C to 435.6 °C.
Nano-TiO2: An Efficient and Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Ring Opening of Epoxides Under Solvent-Free Conditions
Nano-TiO2 is an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the ring opening of epoxides with aromatic amines to afford β-amino alcohols in good to excellent yields at room temperature under solvent-free conditions. It was found that the catalyst is recyclable, and the activity of the catalyst was not weakened markedly even after several reaction cycles. In addition, the catalytic activity of TiO2 strongly depends on particle size or surface area.
A Carbon-Free and Free-Standing Cathode From Mixed-Phase TiO2 for Photo-Assisted Li–CO2 Battery
Li–CO 2 battery provides a new strategy to simultaneously solve the problems of energy storage and greenhouse effect. However, the severe polarization of CO 2 reduction and CO 2 evolution reaction impede the practical application. Herein, anodic TiO 2 nanotube arrays are first introduced as carbon-free and free-standing cathode for photo-assisted Li–CO 2 battery, and the photo-assisted charge and discharge mechanism is first clarified from the perspective of photocatalysis. Mixed-phase TiO 2 exhibits a long cycling life of 580 h (52 cycles) at 0.025 mA cm −2 and delivers a high discharge specific capacity of 3001 µAh cm −2 under UV illumination. The charge voltage dramatically reduces from 4.53 to 3.03 V under UV illumination. The improvement of photo-assisted Li–CO 2 battery performance relies on the synergistic effect of the hierarchical porous structure, strong UV absorption, efficient separation, and transfer of photo-generated electrons and holes at hetero-phase junction, and the facilitation of photo-generated electrons and holes on CO 2 reduction and CO 2 evolution reaction. This work can provide useful guidance for designing efficient photocathode for photo-assisted Li–CO 2 battery and other metal–air batteries.
PFDTS/SiO2 dual-modified hierarchical TiO2 nanostructures for sandstone cultural relics preservation coatings with enhanced weathering resistance
Water-induced degradation threatens sandstone cultural relics, highlighting the need for effective protection. This study applies a nano-coating of PFDTS-modified TiO 2 /SiO 2 to sandstone, optimizing PFDTS concentration, coating penetration depth, and hydrophobicity. A TiO 2 -to-SiO 2 ratio of 75:25 with 80 μL of PFDTS achieved high water and oil contact angles of 152.7° and 145.7°, respectively. After 210 h of UV exposure, contact angles showed minimal reduction, confirming the coating's durability. Additionally, air permeability is preserved to maintain sandstone breathability. These findings provide valuable insights for safeguarding sandstone heritage sites against weathering.
Defect-Rich TiO2 In Situ Evolved from MXene for the Enhanced Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane to Ethylene
Selective oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of light alkanes to alkenes over metal oxides usually obeys a redox catalysis cycle, where the release and recovery of lattice oxygen play a key role in catalytic performance. Therefore, it remains a challenge to prepare metal oxides with limited reducibility, such as TiO2, as a dominant active component rather than as a support or modifier in this process. Here, we find a significant increase of ethane ODH performance over a layered TiO2 (M-TiO2) catalyst, which is in situ evolved from a Ti3C2Tx MXene material during the reaction. The reactivity of this M-TiO2 is 4 times higher than that of P25 TiO2, with an excellent ethylene productivity of 15.4 gC2H4 gcat–1 h–1 that outperforms the previously reported catalysts. Experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal the importance of Ti and oxygen vacancy defects over M-TiO2 on the conversion of C2H6. The Ti vacancy sites can stabilize the defective structure and increase the reducibility of lattice oxygen to reduce the activation energy barrier of ethane, while the oxygen vacancy sites facilitate the activation of O2 to recover lattice oxygen.
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