WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2011
·Vol. 28
·期 3
·857-863
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IF 1.214
Ye Li,Zhang Chunyan,Li Jiyang,Shi Xunlong,Feng Meiqing
Calcium is a known signalling molecule in eukaryotic cells and plays a central role in the regulation of many cellular processes. In the following study, we report on the effect of external calcium treatments on the biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1 to ginsenoside Rd by Paecilomyces bainier 229-7. We observed that the intracellular calcium content of P . bainier 229-7 mycelia was increased in response to exposure to high external Ca 2+ concentrations. Both ginsenoside Rd biotransformation and β-glucosidase activity were both found to be dependent on the external calcium concentration. At an optimal Ca 2+ concentration of 45 mM, maximal ginsenoside Rd bioconversion rate of 92.44% was observed and maximal β-glucosidase activity of 0.1778 U was reached in a 72-h biotransformation. The Ca 2+ channel blocker Verapamil blocked the trans-membrane influx of calcium and decreased ginsenoside Rd biotransformatiom. In addition, β-glucosidase activity and ginsenoside Rd content decreased by 36.0 and 29.2% respectively after a 72-h incubation in the presence of 0.05 mM Calmodulin (CaM) antagonist Perphenazine. These results suggest that both Ca 2+ channels and CaM are involved in ginsenoside Rd biotransformation via regulation of β-glucosidase activity. This is the first report regarding the effects of calcium signal transduction on biotransformation and enzyme activity in fungi.
研究领域:
药理学
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微生物学
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生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
·
2020
·
IF 3.263
Shumin Jiang,Xueli Wu,Yi Wang,Jingtao Zou,Xiaoping Zhao
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a specific enzyme hydrolyzing the incretin hormone glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) to reduce insulin secretion, meanwhile DPP-4 inhibitors play an important role in diabetic therapy. In present study, 14 potential inhibitors were screened with an inhibition over 50% on DPP-4 activity from Xiao-Ke-An formula (XKA) and 12 of them exhibited a dose-dependently inhibitory effect at concentrations of 5–50 μmol/l. We found 10 DPP-4 inhibitors restrained differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes as well as reducing the triglycerides and total cholesterol content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, 7 DPP-4 inhibitors promoted the glucose consumption in insulin-resistance BNL CL.2 cells. Thereinto, ginsenoside Rk 1 up-regulated the protein kinase B (AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3β) phosphorylation expression, while kukoamine B and coptisine hydrochloride obviously increased the phosphorylation of AKT protein and columbamine , panaxadiol , ginsenoside Ro , timosaponin AI significantly promoted the phosphorylation of GSK-3β protein. It's our first effort to confirm those seven compounds could serve as DPP-4 inhibitors to attenuate DPP-4 activities, accompanied with the ability to adjust glucolipid metabolism. Moreover, activating the AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway to ameliorate insulin resistant may be the anti-diabetic mechanism of XKA.
研究领域:
药理学
·
糖尿病研究
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分子生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology
·
2024
·
IF 3.4
Sethuraman Sathya,Jiarui Zhang,Huafang Feng,Pu Jing,Yu Lan,Xiaonan Cao,Qingqing Liu
Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is a widely used dietary supplement in Traditional Chinese Medicine due to its numerous health-promoting properties. However, limited research is available on the distinctions in the chemical composition between different ginsengs. Hence, this study explores the chemical composition of different ginsengs obtained from different habitats in Northeastern China. The fresh, red, and white ginsengs were collected from different places in the Jilin province, China. Ginsenoside and non-ginsenoside contents in the ginseng extracts were analyzed by an Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography system & VION® ion mobility hybrid Quadrupole Time-of-Flight. The results show a notable difference in the ginsenoside content among the samples. The qualification ratio of ginsenoside Re, Rg1, and Rb was 46.2%, with Re being the most abundant, followed by Rg1 and Rb1 in all the ginseng analyzed. Furthermore, the study revealed that white and red ginseng had higher total ginsenosides (8.18 ± 0.04 mg/kg) and total polysaccharides (17.4%) content, respectively. The fresh ginseng samples exhibited higher protein content (20.02 ± 0.2 g/100g) and lower fat content (2.0 g/100g) than others. Further, the ginseng samples analyzed in this study met the requirements specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for total ash, heavy metals, and organochlorine pesticide residues. This study offers a comprehensive comparative analysis of the chemical composition of P. ginseng sourced from various habitats in Northeastern China. It underscores the significance of making informed choices when selecting ginseng types for scientific evaluation.
研究领域:
药理学
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化学
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传统中药
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植物学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·Vol. 415
·期 5
·887-897
·
IF 4.478
Ren Rongfan,Li Hongli,Jiang Qing,Wang Xing,Chen David Da Yong
Characterization of structural isomers of bioactive molecules is important for recognizing their functions, but it has been challenging due to their highly similar structures. As the main bioactive constituents of Panax ginseng , ginsenosides have different structural isomers attributed to the aglycone structure and glycosylation sites as well as stereochemistry of sugar groups attached. This work demonstrated a simple and robust in situ methylation reaction with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) using ambient ionization source of direct analysis in real time (DART) to characterize saponin structural isomers. The DART ion source provides favorable conditions to methylate hydroxyl groups of ginsenoside instantaneously with TMAH, and it can ionize the methylated products at the same time. Methylated ginsenoside stereoisomers even with subtle structure differences generated very different mass signals from full-scan MS and tandem MS. High-resolution mass spectrometry aided the assignment of molecular structures of the various precursor and fragment ions from different ginsenosides, which provided structural information for both the aglycone skeleton and the sugar moieties in ginsenosides. The presented method was successfully used for the identification of ginsenosides in Panax ginseng , and saponin isomers were characterized without the need for chromatographic separation and/or tedious offline sample pretreatment. Graphical Abstract
研究领域:
分析化学
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药学
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质谱学
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天然产物化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
·
2022
·
IF 6.911
Yuanqing Luo,Xiaoyong Zhao,Zhan Gao,Huiwen Wang,Yaqing Liu,Cheng Guo,Yuanjiang Pan
Oligosaccharides play a key role in many biological functions, and the accurate identification of oligosaccharide structures is an important prerequisite for a comprehensive understanding of the biological functions of oligosaccharides. MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry has been considered as a potential technique for the structural characterization of oligosaccharides. In this work, palladium nanoparticles decorated thiol-functionalized metal organic framework nanocomposite (UiO-66-(SH) 2 @Pd NPs) was fabricated as an efficient matrix to assist laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) for oligosaccharides analysis. The ionization efficiency of oligosaccharides was significantly improved owning to the synergistic effect of MOF and Pd nanoparticles, which is favorable for further oligosaccharide structure identification. By combining LDI-LIFT-TOF/TOF, 24 oligosaccharide isomers including disaccharides, trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides, were effectively distinguished. In addition, the relative quantification curves for isomeric oligosaccharides were established with good linear correlations. The method was successfully applied to the identification and quantification of sucrose and maltose in three batches of Asian ginseng and American ginseng respectively, showing potentiality of MOF materials and metal nanomaterials assisted structural analysis of oligosaccharide isomers.
研究领域:
分析化学
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质谱学
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纳米技术
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生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BIOGERONTOLOGY
·
2022
·Vol. 23
·期 4
·485-497
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IF 4.284
Wang Lixin,Qiao Ping,Ouyang Zhuoer,Li Danyang,Zheng Jingtong,Wang Guoqiang,Wang Fang
Ginseng volatile oil (GVO) is one of the main components of ginseng and has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was applied to characterize GVO chemical composition, and 73 volatile components were detected from GVO. Caenorhabditis elegans was used as animal model to further elucidate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of GVO in vivo. The results suggested that GVO significantly prolonged the lifespan of C. elegans and promoted its health without damaging its reproductive capacity. In addition, GVO increased the antioxidant capacity and survival rate of nematodes after heat shock. Transcriptional sequencing showed that autophagy-related genes atg-4.2 , atg-7 , lgg-2 , and cyd-1 were up-regulated, and superoxide dismutase 1 ( sod-1 ) expression was increased after GVO pretreatment. Considering the role of autophagy and antioxidant in aging, the expression of autophagy substrate P62 protein in BC12921 strain was analyzed and found to decrease by more than 50.00% after treatment with GVO. In addition, the lifespan of SOD-1 mutant nematodes was not significantly different from that of the control group. SOD activity and autophagy were activated, which is a clear expression of hormesis. All these results suggest that GVO prolongs the lifespan and healthspan of C. elegans , and its biological functions may be related to hormesis.
研究领域:
生物化学
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分子生物学
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药理学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MOLECULES
·
2020
·Vol. 25
·期 20
·4815
·
IF 3.267
Minmin Sun,Yaoting Ji,Zhen Li,Rourong Chen,Shuhui Zhou,Chang Liu,Minquan Du
Conventional treatments for chronic periodontitis are less effective in controlling inflammation and often relapse. Therefore, it is necessary to explore an immunomodulatory medication as an adjuvant. Ginsenoside Rb3 (Rb3), one of the most abundant active components of ginseng, has been found to possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Here, we detected the anti-inflammatory effect of Rb3 onPorphyromonas gingivalisLPS-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells and experimental periodontitis rats for the first time. We found that the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, including IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8, upregulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation was remarkably downregulated by Rb3 treatment in a dose-dependent manner at both transcriptional and translational levels. Network pharmacological analysis of Rb3 showed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway had the highest richness and that p38, JNK, and ERK molecules were potential targets of Rb3 in humans. Western blot analysis revealed that Rb3 significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and p65 NF-κB, as well as decreased the expression of total AKT. In experimental periodontitis rat models, reductions in alveolar bone resorption and osteoclast generation were observed in the Rb3 treatment group. Thus, we can conclude that Rb3 amelioratedPorphyromonas gingivalisLPS-induced inflammation by inhibiting the MAPK/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathways and attenuated alveolar bone resorption in experimental periodontitis rats.Keywords:anti-inflammatory agents;chronic periodontitis;ginsenoside;lipopolysaccharides
研究领域:
药理学
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牙科
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免疫学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B
·
2016
·
IF 1.303
Zhuo-ping Yu,Dong-dong Xu,Lai-feng Lu,Xiao-dong Zheng,Wei Chen
Background: American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius L.) and Chinese jujube ( Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine to enhance immune function. Objective: The present study aimed to develop one Chinese prescription, Shenzao Cha (SZC), consisting of American ginseng and Chinese jujube, and systematically investigate its immunomodulation in healthy ICR mice. Methods: Normal ICR mice received intragastric administration of SZC (1.3, 2.6, and 5.2 g raw material/kg body weight) once daily for four weeks, while a control group received the same amount of sterile water. Results: SZC significantly increased the spleen and thymus indices and T-lymphocyte proliferation, while the T-lymphocyte proliferation in the 5.2 g/kg group was 1.4-fold higher than that in the control. Further, 1.3 g/kg SZC could markedly improve hemolytic activity by 25.2%, and 2.6 g/kg SZC increased the NK cell activity by 78.6% relative to the control. In addition, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), that participated in modulating oxidative stress, were significantly increased in the liver, spleen, thymus, and serum, while the contents of malondialdehyde were dramatically decreased. Conclusions: SZC exhibited potent immunomodulatory effects on innate and adaptive immunity in healthy ICR mice, as well as potential antioxidant activity for prevention of oxidative stress, which was suggested to partly contribute to the immune enhancement.
研究领域:
中药学
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免疫学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES
·
2022
·
IF 3.388
Rui Shi,Bingjie Xiong,Shu He,Can Liu,Jiftah Ben-Asher,Abraham Rami Horowitz,Shu Wang,Xiahong He
Panax notoginseng is highly used in traditional Chinese medicine, and its root is valued for ginsenoside contents. However, evidence suggests that other plant parts such as fruit, leaves, and stem are also potential sources of bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study aimed at providing insight into the differential accumulation of metabolites in fruit, leaf, root, and stem tissues collected from P. notoginseng. A total of 808 metabolites from 11 major metabolite classes were identified. Furthermore, 32 Ginsenosides with six conserved Ginsenosides Rg1, Rf, St-3, R1, Ro, Rc, and five conserved notoginsenosides R1, K, M, E, Rb1, were identified with differential accumulation in fruit, leaf, stem, and root tissues. Several other metabolites known for their potential roles in human health were also identified as differentially accumulated in the tissues. Furthermore, the accumulation pattern of ginsenosides in different tissues is highly suggestive of utilizing fruit, leaf, and stem tissues along with roots for value addition of P. notoginseng.
研究领域:
植物学
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药用植物研究
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代谢组学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2015
·Vol. 5
·期 96
·78874-78879
·
IF 3.84
Hui-da Wan,Dan Li
A preliminary study on the enzymatic biotransformation of ginsenosides is evaluated. β-Galactosidase from Aspergillus sp. displayed β-glucosidase activity, which was responsible for its ability to transform major ginsenoside Rb1 to rare ginsenoside F2 via ginsenoside Rd. The Rb1 conversion, Rd and F2 yields reached 100%, 80.7% and 14.3% after 60 h at 60 °C, respectively. Ginsenoside Rg3 can be selectively hydrolyzed and only Rh2 was obtained with this β-galactosidase as well. Before hydrolysis, an Rg3 inclusion complex was prepared with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) to improve the aqueous solubility. The solubility of Rg3 increased 74.6 fold, and the phase solubility curve displayed a typical AL-type, which indicates the formation of a 1 : 1 inclusion complex. Using an enzyme loading of 500 U g−1 Rg3, the highest Rg3 conversion of 90.6% and Rh2 yield of 88.5% were obtained after 24 h at 60 °C. These results indicate that β-galactosidase from Aspergillus sp. could be useful for the mass production of rare ginsenosides.
研究领域:
生物化学
·
药学
·
酶学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Nutrients
·
2022
·Vol. 14
·期 8
·1564
·
IF 6.706
Hongbo Jiang,Pei Ma,Zhiguang Duan,Yannan Liu,Shihong Shen,Yu Mi,Daidi Fan
Gastric cancer (GC) is the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Surgery remains the cornerstone of gastric cancer treatment, and new strategies with adjuvant chemotherapy are currently gaining more and more acceptance. Ginsenoside Rh4 has excellent antitumor activity. Conversely, the mechanisms involved in treatment of GC are not completely understood. In this study, we certified that Rh4 showed strong anti-GC efficiency in vitro and in vivo. MTT and colony formation assays were performed to exhibit that Rh4 significantly inhibited cellular proliferation and colony formation. Results from the wound healing assay, transwell assays, and Western blotting indicated that Rh4 restrained GC cell migration and invasion by reversing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Further validation by proteomic screening, co-treatment with disitertide, and SIX1 signal silencing revealed that SIX1, a target of Rh4, induced EMT by activating the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. In summary, our discoveries demonstrated the essential basis of the anti-GC metastatic effects of Rh4 via suppressing the SIX1–TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling axis, which delivers a new idea for the clinical treatment of GC.Keywords:ginsenoside Rh4;SIX1;TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway;gastric cancer
研究领域:
肿瘤学
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药理学
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分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
·
2024
·
IF 6.1
Taiping Li,Yougang Zhang,Rong Dong,Wenjie Bi,Songsong Wang,Kewu Zeng,Liwen Han
American ginseng (AG) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects in many diseases, but the key molecules and mechanisms are unclear. This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of AG and identify the key molecules by in vivo and in vitro models. Zebrafish was employed to assess the anti-inflammatory properties of AG and the compounds. Metabolomics was utilized to identify potential anti-inflammatory molecules in AG, while molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to forecast the interaction capabilities of these compounds with inflammatory targets. Additionally, macrophage cell was employed to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the key molecules in AG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. Seven potential anti-inflammatory molecules were discovered in AG, with ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rs3 (G-Rs3), and oleanolic acid exhibiting the strongest affinity for signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. These compounds demonstrated inhibitory effects on macrophage migration in zebrafish models and the ability to regulate ROS levels in both zebrafish and macrophages. The cell experiments found that ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rs3, and oleanolic acid could promote macrophage M2/M1 polarization ratio and inhibit phosphorylation overexpression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. This study revealed the key anti-inflammatory molecules and mechanisms of AG, and provided new evidence of anti-inflammatory for the scientific use of AG.
研究领域:
药理学
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免疫学
·
分子生物学
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生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）