Polymers
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2026
·Vol. 18
·期 4
·458
·
IF 5.8
Jing Chang,Jia Xue,Shizhen Liang,Wei Zhao,Zhen Li
Effective treatment of coal slime water is essential for sustainable coal preparation plant operation but hindered by the stable suspension of fine, negatively charged particles. To address this, a novel star-shaped inorganic–organic hybrid polymer (aluminum hydroxide-polyacrylamide, Al-PAM) was synthesized via in situ polymerization. Its performance was systematically compared with well-established coagulants/flocculants—polyaluminum chloride (PAC), non-ionic polyacrylamide (NPAM), and their binary combination through settling tests and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). The results showed a positive correlation between the molecular weight of Al-PAM and its flocculation efficiency. The optimal variant, Al-PAM-442, achieved an exceptionally high initial settling rate (50.4 m/h) and low supernatant turbidity (45.77 NTU) at an ultralow dosage of 6 mg/L. QCM-D analysis elucidated the mechanism: Al-PAM forms a thick, soft, and irreversibly adsorbed hydrated layer on silica, enabling strong electrostatic anchoring and effective polymer bridging. In contrast, PAC adsorption was reversible, while NPAM formed a thin, compact film with poor bridging capacity. Although the combined PAC/NPAM system showed synergistic performance, it required a significantly higher dosage (70 mg/L). This study demonstrates that the star-shaped Al-PAM architecture successfully integrates charge neutralization and bridging into a single molecule, offering a highly efficient and practical solution for industrial coal slurry dewatering.
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ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2026
·
IF 5.8
Peng Wu,Yuanyuan Ma,Hongyu Wang,Jianghong Wu,Sheng Fan,Yu Zheng,Yongfeng Li,Lifeng Ding
The electrochemical oscillation (EO) exhibited by Cu anodes during dissolution in H 3 PO 4 /Cl - mixed electrolytes significantly influence the efficacy of processes such as metal surface treatment, precision electroplating, and electrochemical mechanical polishing(ECMP). While Cl - ions have been identified as the key factor inducing oscillations, the mechanism governing their interaction with coexisting cations remains unclear. This study, integrating electrochemical analysis, anodic film surface characterisation, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, reveals the decisive regulatory role of cations in oscillation mechanisms and corrosion film properties. The findings indicate that, when the influence of Cl - ion concentration is excluded, Na + ions primarily fulfil charge-balancing functions, while Ni 2+ and Al 3+ ions exert synergistic regulatory effects at the active interface. Ni 2+ ions form pure CuCl films through strong adsorption, prolonging oscillation periods. Conversely, Al 3+ ions promote the formation of CuCl/Cu(II)/AlO 4 /Al(OH) x composite films, accelerating film dissolution and shortening periods. The specificity of cations directly determines the stability and dissolution kinetics of films on the Cu anode surface. This study establishes the role of cations as key variables in the electrolytic process, providing a theoretical foundation for understanding EOs and passivation mechanisms.
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POLYMER
·
2026
·
IF 5.1
Qingguo Zhang,Guangchao Zhai,Xinyuan Zhang,Shuangqing Li,Ying Wei,Zheng Xing,Zhong-Xia Wang
Conductive hydrogels have been widely used in the fabrication of flexible capacitors and wearable sensors. However, traditional hydrogels often struggle to strike a balance between electrochemical performance and mechanical properties, and issues such as poor durability and stability remain unresolved. Herein, based on the polyacrylamide/chitosan (PAM/CS) dual-network hydrogel, we introduced the AlCl 3 and 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium perchlorate ([DMIM][ClO 4 ]) ionic liquid (IL) with the guidance of molecular dynamics simulations. The introduction of ionic liquids (ILs) not only promotes ionic transport but also enhances various interactions (hydrogen-bonds and coordination-bonds), reconfigures the solvation structure of Al 3+ , and significantly improves the mechanical properties and conductivity of the hydrogel. In particular, the maximum tensile strain of the PCA-3IL hydrogel increased to four times that of PCA, reaching 856%, and the ionic conductivity doubled to 33.1 mS cm -1 . In addition, the specific capacitance of the capacitor constructed using the target hydrogel was approximately 87.9% higher than that of the hydrogel capacitor without IL added. The assembled flexible wearable sensor also exhibited excellent sensitivity and fatigue resistance, and is capable of accurately detecting even the slightest handwriting movements. Therefore, this design method can be considered an effective strategy for enhancing the overall performance of traditional hydrogels. The hydrogels prepared by this method have great potential for applications in flexible capacitors and sensors.
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 8.2
Fangyuan Zhou,Kezhen Jia,Hongke Zhang,Wanbin Zhu,Hongliang Wang
Develop AlCl 3 -assisted mechanochemical strategy enabling efficient one-pot conversion of recalcitrant cellulose to HMF. • Synergistic interplay between Lewis acidity and mechanical stress disrupts H-bonding networks and lowers crystallinity, markedly enhancing the chemical reactivity of cellulose. • Optimization of the Brønsted/Lewis acid balance by controlled HCl addition achieves a high HMF yield of 62.8% from mechanochemically pretreated cellulose. • This green and scalable approach can be broadly extended to diverse lignocellulosic biomass wastes, including waste paper, corncob residue, bamboo powder, and corn straw, to efficiently produce HMF. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a pivotal bio-based platform chemical, yet its direct production from inexpensive and abundant cellulose remains challenging due to the intrinsic recalcitrance of cellulose and the competing degradation of intermediates and products under acidic conditions. Herein, we report an AlCl 3 -assisted mechanochemical strategy that couples catalytic Lewis acidity with ball-milling mechanical force to activate cellulosic feedstocks, enabling their efficient one-pot conversion to HMF. Detailed structural characterizations demonstrate that the synergistic interplay between AlCl 3 and mechanical stress disrupts the extensive hydrogen-bonding network and partially cleaves β-1,4-glycosidic linkages, leading to pronounced reductions in cellulose crystallinity and degree of polymerization and, consequently, markedly enhanced chemical reactivity. The resulting mechanochemically pretreated cellulose (BMM-AlCl 3 ) was directly converted into HMF without additional catalysts during the reaction step, as the Al species introduced during pretreatment served as the catalytic sites, affording a yield of up to 46.8%. By further optimizing the Brønsted/Lewis acid balance through controlled HCl addition, the HMF yield increases to 62.8%. Importantly, this pretreatment strategy is broadly applicable to diverse lignocellulosic biomass resources, including waste paper pulp, corncob residue, bamboo powder, and corn straw, consistently delivering high HMF yields. This work establishes an efficient and potentially scalable mechanochemical route for the valorization of cellulose and lignocellulosic biomass into HMF. Download: Download high-res image (185KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Food Science & Nutrition
·
2026
·Vol. 14
·期 4
·e71702
·
IF 5
Weijie Chang,Yaobing Chen,Jianquan Kan,Xiufang Huang,Kai Luo
While mounting evidence points to a potential link between industrial aluminum exposure and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD), the precise intervention strategies remain an area of active research. This study proposes a “multi‐target synergy and dose threshold control” exploratory framework for evaluating Idesia polycarpa crude oil (IPCO) in an aluminum‐induced AD model. An integrated analytical approach employing GC–MS and network pharmacology was used to identify three candidate core components—(Z,Z)‐9,12‐octadecadienoic acid, Beta‐amyrin, and 2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenol—that were computationally predicted to influence a network of 35 ad ‐related pathways (e.g., Calcium and PPAR signaling) via eight potential key targets (including PTGS2 , PPARG , and AKT1 ). In vivo experiments revealed a dose‐dependent modulation of AD‐related pathology following IPCO intervention. The high‐dose group showed the most marked improvements in several therapeutic markers, including reduced aluminum load, an anti‐inflammatory shift in cytokine levels (elevated IL‐10, decreased IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α), and remodeling of the gut microbiota characterized by an increase in putative short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA)‐producing genera such as the [Eubacterium]‐xylanophilum‐group and NK4A214‐group ( Firmicutes ). Paradoxically, this same high dose was associated with a decline in spatial cognitive performance. This biphasic effect may be preliminarily explained by a dual microbial mechanism: the inhibition of the pro‐inflammatory associated [Eubacterium]‐oxidoreducens‐group alongside the expansion of taxa linked to a neuroprotective SCFA metabolic network. As one of the first studies to map these multi‐dimensional “constituent–microbiota–neuroinflammation” interactions for IPCO, our findings highlight its complex, dose‐sensitive bioactivity. Importantly, they underscore the critical need for subsequent pharmacokinetic and direct target engagement studies. Step 1: Component identification and target screening: The chemical composition of IPCO was characterized using GC–MS, identifying two major fatty acids and six fat‐soluble active substances. A total of 149 potential drug targets were predicted via Pharm Mapper and SwissTargetPrediction. Concurrently, 2029 genes associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) were retrieved from the OMIM, TTD, and GeneCards databases. Through the intersection analysis of “ingredient‐target‐disease,” combined with STRING‐based Protein–Protein Interaction (PPI) analysis, Gene Ontology (GO), and KEGG pathway enrichment, the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of IPCO were elucidated. Step 2: Structural validation (molecular docking): Molecular docking simulations were performed to evaluate the binding affinity between active ingredients and core targets. The results demonstrated that the core component, β‐amyrin, exhibited high binding affinity with key protein targets. Specifically, the binding energies of β‐amyrin with PPARG and ERBB2 were −8.80 and −9.10 kcal/mol, respectively. These high‐affinity interactions provide structural evidence validating the predictions made through network pharmacology. Step 3: In vivo verification (gut microbiota and biochemical markers): In vivo experiments confirmed that IPCO intervention significantly modulated the gut microbiota in AD rats, notably increasing the abundance of the [Eubacterium]‐oxidoreducens‐group . Biochemically, IPCO treatment markedly enhanced the levels of SCFAs and the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10. Furthermore, a significant reduction in hippocampal Al accumulation and inhibition of AChE activity were observed. These findings suggest that IPCO exerts its anti‐AD effects potentially by modulating the gut‐microbiota‐brain axis and improving cholinergic system function. This study systematically elucidated the neuroprotective mechanisms of IPCO against AD through an integrated approach of network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vivo experiments. Initially, eight core active ingredients were identified in IPCO via GC–MS, with 149 potential targets and 2029 ad ‐related genes mapped through multi‐database screening. Molecular docking further validated that the core component, β‐amyrin, exhibited high binding affinities for key targets including PPARG (−8.80 kcal/mol) and ERBB2 (−9.10 kcal/mol). Finally, in vivo verification demonstrated that IPCO intervention significantly modulated the gut‐microbiota‐brain axis by increasing the abundance of the [Eubacterium]‐oxidoreducens‐group , elevating levels of SCFAs and IL‐10, while concurrently reducing hippocampal Al accumulation and inhibiting AChE activity.
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Chemosensors
·
2026
·Vol. 14
·期 3
·
IF 4.4
Yiyuan Zhang,Chen Zhou,Jiaxin Li,Evgeny Kovtunets
A novel acridine-based fluorescent sensor (Sensor ANT) for the highly selective and sensitive detection of cyanide ions (CN−) was rationally designed and synthesized via the conjugation reaction of acridine-9-amine with 3-nitrophenyl isothiocyanate. The sensing mechanism is triggered by the specific interaction between exogenous CN−and the hydrogen-bonding moieties within the sensor’s molecular framework, which induces a distinct fluorescence quenching response. Systematic titration experiments confirmed that Sensor ANT exhibits rapid response kinetics, excellent selectivity, and reliable qualitative/quantitative detection capabilities toward CN−. Complementary biocompatibility assays, including in vitro cellular imaging and in vivo zebrafish experiments, further verified the promising application potential of this sensor in practical and biological detection scenarios. The detection limit (DL) of Sensor ANT for CN−was calculated to be 2.89 × 10−7M, with a 1:1 binding stoichiometry and a binding constant of 1.95 × 104M−1. These findings demonstrate that Sensor ANT represents a robust candidate for CN−detection in environmental and biological systems.
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Scientific Reports
·
2026
·
IF 4.9
Peng Xiaoxia,Gong Qiang,Gao Ruirui,Ci Xiaorui,Jin Zilu,Dou Zhifang,Song Jianfang,Song Lijuan
This study demonstrated that extraction temperature serves as a critical parameter for modulating the structural characteristics and Pb 2+ adsorption performance of natural low methoxyl pectin derived from sunflower ( Helianthus annuus ) heads, an abundant agricultural byproduct. Pectin extracted at 100 °C for 3 h (AHP) exhibited a lower molecular weight ( M w , 78.2 kDa), higher galacturonic acid (GalA) content (83.32%±3.52%), and lower degree of esterification (DE, 26.34%±1.52%) compared to its low-temperature counterpart (LHP, extracted at 80 °C for 1 h, 84.68%±3.86% GalA, 29.32%±2.18% DE, and bimodal M w of 316.4 and 115.7 kDa) and commercial citrus pectin (CP, 76.83%±3.74% GalA, 83.24%±3.22% DE, and M w of 573.1 kDa). Consequently, AHP achieved a superior Pb 2+ adsorption capacity of 295.86 mg/g, exceeding that of LHP and CP by 25.7% and 76.6%, respectively. The adsorption process was best described by the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models ( R 2 > 0.99), indicating a monolayer, chemisorption-dominated mechanism. Integrated characterization using FT-IR, XPS, SEM-EDS, BET and competitive adsorption experiments revealed that the enhanced performance of AHP originated from the synergistic effect of a high content of accessible carboxyl groups and a reduced M w that minimized chain entanglement. This combination enhanced active-site accessibility and promoted the formation of an open, permeable, ion-crosslinked network upon Pb 2+ coordination. This work repositioned extraction from a mere isolation step to a rational design strategy for high-performance biosorbents, offering a sustainable approach to valorize agricultural residues into effective materials for heavy metal remediation.
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JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 4.4
Xin Bao,Xuteng Wu,Yinghe Jin,Dehao Kong,Xiaoqi Liu,Yifu Zhang,Xinlin Yang,Hui Wang,Xi Yuan,Hui Li
Arising from multiple triplet emission centers with distinct lifetimes, the time-dependent afterglow color (TDAC) phenomenon demonstrates significant potential for dynamic phosphorescence anti-counterfeiting and information encryption. However, insufficient spectral separation between triplet emissive peaks usually confines TDAC in carbon dots (CDs) to narrow color ranges, limiting distinguishability and security in advanced optical applications. Herein, a broad-range TDAC transition from deep orange to cyan within 1 s was achieved in an aluminum-ion doped CDs based composite (Al-CD@ Urea) via a rational synthesis process. The multi-confinement effect arising from the urea and silica matrix collectively facilitates triplet exciton stabilization and suppresses non-radiative transitions, thereby promoting enhanced phosphorescence emission in the composite system. Aluminum doping modifies the bandgap of CD, which realizes a blue TADF (peak at 450 nm) and a red RTP (peak at 590 nm) simultaneously under 360 nm excitation in composite system. The dual afterglow emission with distinct lifetimes collectively drives the observed broad color range TDAC phenomenon. Leveraging the broad-range TDAC properties in the Al-CD@ Urea, we developed dynamic afterglow anti-counterfeiting labels and a concept of information encryption with enhanced distinguishability and security, demonstrating practical viability for advanced optical applications.
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Analytical Methods
·
2026
·
IF 3
Xixuan Chen,Lei Zheng,Rongzhen Ma,Phong H. N. Vo,Jiaxin Ni,Songjun Guo
This study presents an improved ethanol-mediated solvothermal method for synthesizing malic acid/urea-derived carbon dots (MUCDs) for the highly selective and sensitive detection of mercury ions (Hg2+). The detection limit was enhanced by over an order of magnitude compared to previous methods employing similar precursors, achieving a limit of detection of 88.46 nmol L−1, which meets the European Union standard for mercury discharge in industrial wastewater (250 nmol L−1). Pyrophosphate (P2O74−) has been used as a highly effective masking agent for Fe3+, substantially boosting the probe's performance in complex matrices. With practical application in mind, the environmental safety of these carbon dots was proactively evaluated using a zebrafish model. The assessment demonstrated no significant toxicity at concentrations up to 100 mg L−1, establishing a 10-fold safety margin relative to the operational dosage. Fluorescence imaging revealed accumulation specifically in the intestinal tract, with no distribution to vital organs, confirming their environmental safety. Under optimized conditions, the MUCDs achieved a quenching efficiency of 0.82 in the presence of 25 µmol per L Hg2+ at a concentration of 10 mg L−1, while also demonstrating thermal stability and pH tolerance. Spike-recovery tests in tap water, river water, and metallurgical wastewater samples yielded satisfactory recoveries ranging from 93.85% to 101.86%. Based on the characterization of MUCDs and the MUCDs–Hg2+ complex, the observed quenching mechanism was explained by chelation between Hg2+ and surface functional groups, leading to aggregation, static quenching, and enhanced Rayleigh scattering. This study highlights the critical importance of incorporating comprehensive environmental safety assessments into the development of functional nanomaterials.
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ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
·
2026
·
IF 6.1
Junyuan Shi,Zihang Yin,Dejin Lin,Dingfeng Wang,Siting Peng,Wendi Xiao,Houwen Hu,Jiong Cheng,Da Chen
The pervasive issue of pharmaceutical overuse in agriculture and veterinary practice has led to the alarming accumulation of drug residues within the global food supply chain, posing a direct and escalating threat to consumer safety. Among these contaminants, compounds such as chlorogenic acid (CGA) and tinidazole (TNZ) are of particular concern due to their potential to provoke allergic responses and cause long-term adverse health effects. There is an urgent need for the development of rapid and reliable detection techniques capable of on-site monitoring to effectively mitigate these risks and ensure food safety. Herein, our work develops an innovative ratiometric sensing strategy that utilizes the dual-excitation properties of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) to simultaneously detect CGA and TNZ. Remarkably, as a fluorescent nanoprobe, N-CDs are capable of detecting CGA over a concentration range of 0.036-40 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 36 nM, which is attributed to static quenching (SQE) and the inner filter effect (IFE). Differently, the addition of TNZ results in fluorescence quenching of N-CDs via localization of inner filter effect (L-IFE), presenting the LOD of 68 nM within the 0.068-25 μM range. Furthermore, a portable smartphone-assisted platform which incorporates the N-CDs/PVA composite film successfully enables visual detection of CGA and TNZ with satisfactory recoveries in real samples. These results suggest that the developed portable smartphone-assisted fluorescence platform enables accurate dual-target detection of CGA and TNZ while offering outstanding stability and reproducibility suitable for on-site applications. Consequently, our methodology presents a versatile and practical strategy for real-time pharmaceutical residue screening, significantly advancing food safety monitoring capabilities.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Kangjie Zhou,Zhengping Fang,Shuaiyuan Wang,Yong Liu,Zushun Xu,Hai Liu
Biopolymer-derived aerogels are gaining attention as sustainable and environmentally friendly substitutes for traditional synthetic counterparts. However, their large-scale utilization has been constrained by complicated preparation steps and limited mechanical integrity. In this work, we propose a low-cost and efficient route to construct robust chitosan/cellulose nanofiber (CS/CNF) aerogels through an ice-confined in situ dual cross-linking process that integrates physicochemical interactions, followed by rapid ambient-pressure drying. A subsequent dip-coating with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and thermal curing further enhanced the surface and interfacial stability of the materials. The resulting CS/CNF@PDMS composite aerogels exhibit superior compressive strength (340 kPa at 80% strain), low thermal conductivity (42.7 mW m −1 K −1 ), and improved flame-retardance when subjected to direct butane flame for 20 s. Benefiting from the robust hydrophobic skeleton, the aerogels achieve efficient oil–water separation with high adsorption capacities (16.8–33.2 g/g) for various oils and organic solvents, maintaining excellent reusability. Additionally, the MXene-modified CS/CNF aerogel delivers a solar-driven water evaporation rate of 2.02 kg m −2 h −1 under one-sun illumination in simulated seawater with evaporation efficiency exceeding 96%. This straightforward and scalable strategy produces biopolymer-based aerogels that are mechanically durable, thermally insulating, flame-retardant, and multifunctional, offering broad potential for environmental cleanup and solar-assisted water purification.
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WASTE MANAGEMENT
·
2026
·
IF 7.3
Juan Yang,Yu Wang,Jing Mei,Cheng Zou,Yanhua He,Tianmei Chen,Kui Liu,Qichang Pan
Traditional methods for recovery metals from spent lithium iron phosphate (LFP) leachate often suffer from insufficient selectivity, Li loss and incomplete Al removal. To address these challenges, this study proposes a two-step complexation-ion exchange synergistic strategy for the selective separation of Fe, Al and Li. In the first step, a 717-type Cl − -form anion exchange resin is used to preferentially adsorb [FeCl 4 ] − formed in spent LFP leachate mixed with NaCl solution, with a Fe adsorption efficiency of 99% and almost no adsorption of Al and Li. In the second step, according to the significant stability difference of the anionic oxalate-complex with Al and Li, oxalic acid is introduced in the Fe-free solution to convert Al into [Al(C 2 O 4 ) 2 ] − and/or [Al(C 2 O 4 ) 3 ] 3− proved by density functional theory calculation, molecular dynamics simulation, analysis of mass spectra and infrared spectra. The aluminum-oxalate complexes are subsequently adsorbed by 717-type OH – -form anion exchange resin with good cycling stability, leading to the 98% Al removal with no Li loss. The rapid Al/Li separation is demonstrated by kinetics study, which reveals Al adsorption conforms to pseudo-first-order model and is jointly controlled by liquid film and intraparticle particle diffusion. The proposed method shows strong potential for efficient separation of metals in spent LFP battery materials.
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