POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2022
·
IF 5.204
Weihang Li,Zhiyong Lin,Haiyan Zuo,Jiahui Zhong,Yiting Xu,Birong Zeng,Weiang Luo,Guorong Chen,Conghui Yuan,Lizong Dai
Starting from a typical metal-organic framework (MOF) ZIF-8, a core-shell flame retardant named ZIF-8@BP-Co was synthesized by using ZIF-8 as the core and boronate ester polymer (BP) doped with Co 2+ as the shell. The thermal stability and possible thermal degradation pathways of ZIF-8@BP-Co were characterized by TG and Py-GC/MS. ZIF-8@BP-Co was introduced into epoxy resin (EP) to reduce the flammability and smoke toxicity of EP nanocomposites. At the same time, the EP/ZIF-8@BP-Co achieved a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test, and its mechanical properties were also enhanced. Compared with EP, the peak heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR), peak of smoke production rate (pSPR) and total smoke production (TSP) of EP/ZIF-8@BP-Co decrease by 51.3%, 13.2%, 37.2% and 20.9%, respectively. This work may be of interest in the design of multi-element flame retardant particles, especially in improving the compatibility between MOFs and polymer matrix.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
防火材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
·
2020
·
IF 4.966
Wang Zhan,Zhaozhan Gu,Juncheng Jiang,Le Chen
In this study, three kinds of graphene were used as fire retardant fillers to improve the properties of waterborne intumescent fire resistive coatings. The surface area of graphene was measured by nitrogen adsorption-desorption method. The influences of surface area of graphene on fire resistance, thermal stability, smoke suppression and water resistance of the coatings were studied. SEM, FTIR, XRD and XPS were used to investigated the structure and composition of the inorganic expansion layer. The spectra of FTIR and XRD demonstrated the inorganic expansion layer had the same chemical composition. The XPS result proved that graphene could enhance anti-oxidation of the inorganic expansion layer. The SEM images showed that the number of holes and cracks decreased with the addition of graphene. The results demonstrated that the graphene with surface area of 212 m 2 /g significantly enhanced the fire resistance, thermal stability, smoke suppression, water resistance of the fire resistive coatings effectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
·
2023
·Vol. 148
·期 18
·9547-9560
·
IF 4.4
Yang Xuhui,Jiang Siyu,Zhang Zhiyong,Li Bin,Xu Miaojun
Herein, zeolite imidazolate frameworks-67 defined as ZIF-67 was prepared and confirmed. The obtained ZIF-67 was served as a synergist in intumescent flame-retarded polypropylene (PP) composites to improve the flame retardant efficiency and smoke suppression performance. The results of thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the residual char of IFR/ZIF-67 with the mass ratio of 95:5 greatly enhanced from 24.9 mass% for IFR to 63.5 mass%, and increased by 155.0%. It was ascribed the complexation effect of cobalt ion in ZIF-67 for IFR system. With the incorporation of 18 mass% IFR/ZIF-67, the PP/IFR/ZIF-67 samples (PP-4) achieved UL-94V-0 rating during vertical burning tests and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value was as high as 31.1%. Compared with PP/IFR (PP-1) containing 18 mass% IFR, the peak heat release rate (peak-HRR), total heat release (THR), peak smoke production rate (peak-SPR) and total smoke production (TSP) of PP-4 were decreased by 33.1%, 33.8%, 31.0% and 21.1%, respectively. The char residue of PP-4 was as high as 27.4 mass% at the end of cone calorimeter test (CCT). The more expanded, sufficient and dense char layer were generated during combustion, and the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of PP-4 were significantly improved. Meanwhile, the pyrolysis gaseous products were inhibited to enter into combustion zone due to the isolation effect of the generated intumescent char layer. Consequently, the PP/IFR/ZIF-67 composites with excellent flame retardant performance and smoke suppression were obtained.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
燃烧学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2023
·Vol. 140
·期 39
·e54474
·
IF 3
Xiaohan Li,Qiunan Xie,Jieying Lin,Jiateng Huang,Kaili Xie,Jingcheng Liu,Xiaojie Li,Wei Wei
Epoxy resin (EP) has excellent comprehensive properties, but its inherent flammability limits its further application in high-end industries. The present study focuses on the preparation of an efficient phosphorus/silicon-containing flame retardant for improving the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of EP. The intermediate product ED was first obtained by the addition reaction of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) with eugenol, and then the target flame retardant DPSi-ED was synthesized by the Williamson etherification reaction between ED and dichlorodiphenylsilane. The flame retardant was further incorporated into EP/4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) system to prepare the modified epoxy thermosets. The flame-retardant performance and mechanism were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, vertical combustion test, cone calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis-infrared spectroscopy (TG-IR), and so forth. At the same phosphorus content (0.5 wt%), EP/DPSi-ED thermosets exhibited superior flame-retardant properties to EP/ED thermosets. Moreover, EP/DPSi-ED7 achieved a LOI of 35.3% and V-0 rating in UL-94 testing, and compared to EP/ED7, its peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total smoke production (TSP) were reduced by 31.5% and 10.9%, respectively. The phosphorus and silicon elements synergistically contributed to the formation of a stable char layer, which acted as a physical barrier to effectively enhance the flame-retardant properties of the thermosets. Meanwhile, the incorporation of DPSi-ED containing flexible Si O bonds and rigid DOPO groups to some extent also improved the mechanical properties of the cured EP. Hence, this study provides an effective strategy for the preparation of bio-based phosphorus/silica-containing high-efficiency and smoke-suppressing flame retardants.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2024
·
IF 6.3
Yingbing Zou,Kui Niu,Fubin Luo,Hongzhou Li
The development of metal oxide flame retardants that are easy to synthesize, efficient, and recyclable would be more beneficial to circular economy. In this work, a porous core-shell Mn 3 CoO x was developed to efficiently reduce heat, smoke as well as hazardous gas during the combustion of epoxy resin (EP). Compared with pure EP, the peak heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR), peak smoke production rate (pSPR), total smoke production (TSP), peak CO production rate (pCOPR), and peak CO 2 production rate (pCO 2 PR) of EP/Mn 3 CoO x are reduced by 47.5 %, 21.5 %, 34.6 %, 17.6 %, 58.6 %, and 55.4 %, respectively. It has been shown that Mn 3 CoO x not only catalyzes the formation of high-quality char layer but also effectively catalyzes the conversion of hazardous gas products into CO 2 . Recovery experiments of Mn 3 CoO x filler in EP composites show that the recovery of Mn 3 CoO x can reach 90.0 %. This work provides insights into the design of efficient metal oxide flame retardants and ideas for the development of recycled flame retardants.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2025
·
IF 10
Fei Yang,Ying Ran,Qichao Bao,Pengxu Tao,Jianliang Ding,Shengnan Zhang,Jiawei Zhu,Chungui Du
Bamboo and other biomass materials have become essential constituents in architecture and interior decoration owing to their outstanding environmental attributes. Nevertheless, their extensive utilization has given rise to substantial fire safety hazards, with toxic smoke frequently posing a greater lethality than heat. In this research, a fire warning coating with a mud brick structure was fabricated on the bamboo surface (AM@Bamboo) by combining positively charged flame retardant ammonium polyphosphate with the negatively charged groups on the MXene surface through a simple water evaporation-induced self-assembly method. The coating's abundant graded pores effectively suppressed the volatilization of smoke at high temperatures. Specifically, the concentrations of toxic NO 2 , NO, CO, and CO 2 gases released during the combustion of AM@Bamboo decreased notably. Among them, the decreases in peak value of CO and CO 2 were 21.2% and 61.1%, respectively. The limiting oxygen index value of AM@Bamboo rose to 36.06%, and the heat release rate was 166.51 kW/m 2 , which is 45.5% lower than that of bamboo. Simultaneously, MXene generated rutile type TiO 2 with semiconductor properties at high temperatures, endowing bamboo with stable cycling warning capabilities. It can trigger an alarm within 5 s in case of a fire and is capable of cycling warnings for 10 cycles. Consequently, AM@Bamboo can be reused multiple times after a fire, greatly reducing its carbon footprint. This achievement provides novel concepts and methods for enhancing the fire safety of bamboo products, and its potential applications can be extended to emerging fields such as intelligent sensing and monitoring.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
·
火灾安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2025
·
IF 5.5
Xiaodong Qian,Congling Shi,Mei Wan,Honglei Che,Junyi Li
To improve the interface interaction between MXene and the polymer matrix, CoNi-ZIFs were adopted to modify MXene through an in situ preparation method. The nanohybrid flame retardants were introduced into epoxy polymers (EPs) to improve the thermal stability, flame resistance, and smoke reduction capabilities of the EP nanocomposites. Based on the above design, the nanohybrid flame retardants exhibit excellent synergistic flame retardant effects. Compared with the MXene and CoNi-ZIF-based EP nanocomposites, the performance in terms of thermal stability, flame resistance, and smoke reduction capabilities of EP/CoNi-ZIF/MXene nanocomposites has been significantly improved. 2 wt % CoNi-ZIF/MXene in EP can improve the residual carbon content of nanocomposites to 18.78% at high temperature and reduce the peak heat release rate (pHRR) by 22.68%, and the release of the smoke production rate (SPR), CO, and CO2 for the nanocomposites is also inhibited simultaneously. The notable decrease in the fire risk of EP largely stems from the catalytic carbonization of transition metals and the synergistic and physical barrier effects of the CoNi-ZIF/MXene nanohybrids.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Kaihao Wang,Qu Wang,Li Wang,Dong Chen,Yuhong Ma,Wantai Yang
Preparation of polyolefins possessing superior flame retardant and mechanical properties has always been a hot research topic. Herein, a novel high-performance flame retardant was designed and prepared to address the dilemma between flame retardancy and mechanical properties. Through self-stabilized precipitation polymerization of furfuryl alcohol (FA) and maleic anhydride (Ma), followed by successive amination and phosphorylation treatment, bio-based phosphorylated FMa microspheres (P-FMa) were successfully obtained. Benefiting from strong synergistic effect between P-FMa and ammonium polyphosphate (APP), the polypropylene (PP)/APP/P-FMa composites exhibited excellent flame retardant and smoke suppression properties. At a dosage of only 19 wt% APP/P-FMa, the PP/APP/P-FMa reached UL-94 V-0 rating and a limiting oxygen index of 32.2 %, and the peak heat release rate and peak smoke production rate decreased by 76.1 % and 52.6 % compared with neat PP , respectively, due to the formation of denser and firmer char layer. Notably, the tensile strength of PP/APP/P-FMa maintained at a high level of 43.2 MPa. More importantly, the impact strength reached 10.5 kJ/m 2 , increase by 138.6 % compared to PP/APP, mainly attributed to improved dispersion and compatibility between APP/P-FMa and PP matrix. Owing to its ability to simultaneously improve flame retardant and mechanical properties, P-FMa possesses great potiential as a high-performance flame-retardant filler.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
·
2022
·
IF 9.463
Kaili Gong,Lin Cai,Congling Shi,Feiyan Gao,Lian Yin,Xiaodong Qian,Keqing Zhou
It is a challenge to integrate organic and inorganic materials to build organic–inorganic hybrid, high-efficiency flame retardants with synergistic effects of both to diminish the fire risks of polymer composites . In this work, an organic–inorganic hybrid strategy was used to prepare leaf-like MXene-based flame retardants (MXene@Bi-MOF) by in situ growth of bimetallic metal–organic frameworks (Bi-MOF) on the surface of MXene and the hybrids were incorporated into epoxy resins to explore their flame retardancy and smoke suppression effects. Specifically, the introduction of MXene@Bi-MOF hybrids not only achieved homogeneous dispersion in EP matrix, but also improved the thermal properties of EP composites, with a 27.7% lower maximum mass loss rate ( R max ) than that of pure EP. In addition, EP composites containing 2 wt% MXene@Bi-MOF exhibited improved fire safety, reduced heat release and inhibited smoke production, as evidenced by a 28.8%, 45.3%, 36.5%, 30.7% and 55.3% drop in peak heat release rate (PHRR), peak smoke production rate (PSPR), total heat release (THR), peak CO production rate (PCO) and smoke factor (SF) value, respectively, as well as growing char yields and lower fire growth index (FGI) value, compared to those of pristine EP. The synergistic action of MXene and Bi-MOF, mainly including the blocking effect of MXene lamellar structure , catalytic carbonization effects as well as catalytic attenuation of the transition metal oxides and gas phase dilution from Bi-MOF, was primarily responsible for the improved fire safety of EP composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
防火安全
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2025
·
IF 7.4
Chao Yan,Yiqun Fang,Ruofan Yang,Mengfan Yan,Weihong Wang,Yongming Song,Qingwen Wang
The development of efficient, eco-friendly and cost-effective transparent fire-retardant coatings is crucial for maximizing the value of wood resources. In this study, an all-biobased flame retardant (PA-CS) was synthesized from corn starch (CS) and phytic acid (PA). A modified melamine resin (MFGT) with intrinsic flame-retardant properties was prepared by incorporating melamine, formaldehyde, allyl glycidyl ether, and tannic acid. The resulting MFGT@xPA-CS system demonstrated excellent thermal stability and low curing activation energy. Additionally, the system was used on the surface of wood and demonstrated good transparency, outstanding flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and char-forming ability. Cone calorimeter tests revealed that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of [email protected] decreased by 31.12%, and total smoke production was reduced by 48.03%. Additionally, the residual char increased from 34.93% (c-MFGT) to 43.25% ( [email protected] ), and the I D /I G ratio of the residual char decreased by 40.58% from 3.08 (c-MFGT) to 1.83 ( [email protected] ). Gas-phase and condensed-phase pyrolysis products revealed synergistic effects between the phosphorus in PA-CS and the nitrogen in MFGT. Based on these results, a potential flame-retardant mechanism was proposed. This study presents a novel strategy for developing transparent intumescent flame-retardant coatings and broadens the application of biomass-based flame retardants.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物质化学
·
防火材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2025
·
IF 7.4
Shi-Huan Tan,Jie-Hao He,Yan-Fang Xiao,Yu-Zhong Wang,Li Chen
It is of great importance to endow flammable synthetic polymers like epoxy resins (EP) with fire safety, particularly to reduce the release of smoke and heat once being ignited. Hence, based on the cooperative strategy, a trinity-philosophy, that phosphonate with dehydrating-charring ability, Schiff base showing self-cross-linking at high temperature, and nitrogen heterocyclic ring with char-forming ability were integrated into one, was proposed in this work. Accordingly, an organic additive-type flame retardant named IMPP was prepared by combining phosphonate, aromatic Schiff base and benzimidazolone structures, and introduced into EP to achieve effective suppression of heat and smoke. The peak heat release rate (pHRR), total smoke production (TSP), and CO production rate (COP) were reduced by 72 %, 48 %, and 55 %, respectively. During burning, IMPP promoted the formation of a protective closed-cell char containing phosphorus and nitrogen in the matrix to retain pyrolysis products in the residue, inhibiting heat and mass transfer. Consequently, this work presents a novel approach for the rational design of phosphorus-containing flame retardants, primarily focused on condensed phase flame retardancy while also demonstrating effective smoke suppression.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2022
·
IF 7.392
Wei Wu,Wenjie Huang,Yizhang Tong,Jingshu Huang,Junchen Wu,Xianwu Cao,Qunchao Zhang,Bin Yu,Robert K.Y. Li
The addition of traditional flame retardant additives can usually significantly reduce the flammability of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) but has a limited contribution to suppressing smoke release during combustion. To overcome this obstacle, a double core-shell structured zeolite imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) in combination with negatively charged phytic acid and positively charged hyperbranched polysiloxane (NH 2 -HBPSi) was layer-by-layer self-assembled through the electrostatic method. The decorated NH 2 -HBPSi layer effectively improved the interfacial compatibility between the fillers and the TPU matrix. The peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), total smoke production (TSP), and total CO production (TCOP) of the TPU composite containing 2.0 wt% ZIF-8@PA@NH 2 -HBPSi were reduced by 35.2%, 25.2%, 65.5%, and 52.8%, respectively, as compared to those of pure TPU. The distinguished fire resistance and smoke suppression were ascribed to the flame retardant effects of Zn, N, P, and Si elements in the ZIF-8@PA@NH 2 -HBPSi hybrid. In addition, the TPU/ZIF-8@PA@NH 2 -HBPSi composite maintained a high elongation at break of 2178.2% and tensile strength of 46.87 MPa due to the steric effect of NH 2 -HBPSi. This work presents a feasible strategy for the design and development of flame retardant fillers to improve fire resistance and inhibit smoke emission while maintaining the high ductility of TPU.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）