Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2024
·Vol. 13
·期 3
·1755-1765
·
IF 10.7
Wanxiong Yong,Weining Liu,Xiaoying Xin,Guodong Fu
In recent years, smart windows have increasingly focused on adjusting optical transmissive properties and providing efficient solutions for energy-saving buildings and vehicles. Electrochromic smart windows are considered a viable option for green buildings. However, conventional electrochromic devices require external voltage for operation, resulting in additional energy consumption. Furthermore, they cannot achieve zero transmission across the entire visible spectrum in the colored state, failing to provide high privacy protection. In this study, we present a self-powered electrochromic and thermochromic dual-responsive smart window that functions as a self-rechargeable battery and can achieve a highly private state across the entire visible range. We utilized the thermally stimulated phase transition behavior of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to develop a thermochromic hydrogel for use in the electrolyte of electrochromic devices without compromising their electrochromic performance. This approach can be universally applied to electrochromic devices, and the phase transition temperature can be easily adjusted by varying the cationic species. In addition to its ion-conductive function, the electrolyte also exhibits thermochromic properties, enabling electrochromic devices to achieve four distinct states: a highly transparent (bleached) state, a milky white state (thermochromic), a blue state (electrochromic), and a fully nontransparent state (the dual-color private state). Notably, the electrochromic state can self-recover, regaining its transparent appearance simply by disconnecting the Zn and ITO electrodes. This recovery occurs due to the spontaneous oxidation of W5+ to W6+ facilitated by dissolved oxygen in the electrolyte. Consequently, the device we present is bifunctional, serving both as a self-powered electrochromic window and a thermochromic window. This innovative chromatic engineering significantly expands the industrial market for electrochromic smart window applications, catering to both public and private contexts, and offers enhanced flexibility in the design of building façades, paving the way for further industrial applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
·
光学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2024
·
IF 7.1
Qian Yan,Renjie Ding,Pengyang Li,Haowen Zheng,Zhong Chen,Jinhua Xiong,Zonglin Liu,Xu Zhao,Fuhua Xue,Liangliang Xu,Huanxin Lian,Shanyi Du,Zhigong Tang,Qingyu Peng,Xiaodong He
Solar-energy thermal management, characterized by its environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency, holds a promising future, which has brought about widespread interest in the evolution of solar-to-thermal materials with the desired properties. Nevertheless, in both hot and cold environments, challenges in developing functionally integrated hydrogels for sustainable thermal regulation still remain. In this study, a rationally, simply, and effectively designed structured Janus membrane, consisting of a Ti3C2Tx MXene/GO/alginate fibers nonwoven (GMF) layer and a P (NIPAM co-DMAA) (PAD) hydrogel layer. The GMF with excellent hydrophilicity forms an interpenetrating structure with the PAD hydrogel through strong hydrogen bonds and can be easily adapted to multishape and multifield applications. By adjusting the content of thermochromic PAD hydrogel monomers, an improvement in the critical transition temperature (37.7 °C) and a reduction in volume shrinkage has been achieved, and the full-spectrum intrinsic transmittance is 67.59%, which is of excellent practicability and cyclic stability. Under constant sunlight, the hydrogel’s phase transition decelerates the temperature increment in the photothermal layer, thereby establishing a stable equilibrium temperature in the environment. The equilibrium temperature of the photothermal layer can be adjusted between 32 and 36 °C to match a variety of climates by regulating the relative content of the Ti3C2Tx MXene and GO in the photothermal layer. Additionally, the existence of the thermochromic hydrogel in the Janus membrane prevents the indoor temperature from overheating. Furthermore, the membrane’s asymmetric structure enhances its ability to reduce heat dissipation, crucial for high-performance thermal management. Moreover, this novel structure can be used as a self-supporting agricultural film to maintain a stable temperature in the environment for efficient plant growth, demonstrating significant potential in new modern agriculture.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·Vol. 48
·期 10
·4598-4605
·
IF 2.7
Yongxing Guo,Jinghua Zhao,Limin Wu,Wei Liu,Yi Li,Yonggang Yang
Cholesteric liquid crystal polymer network (CLCN) films have attracted much attention for their applications as optical filters and in displays, decoration, and anti-counterfeiting. Herein, two pairs of chiral bola-type epoxy liquid crystals with a cholesteric mesophase were synthesized. Their mixtures exhibit thermochromic behaviour. CLCN films with structural colours were prepared using their mixtures through photopolymerization. The Bragg reflection band and the handedness of the CLCN film can be controlled by changing the weight ratio of the chiral liquid crystals. Patterned CLCN films were prepared based on their thermochromic behaviour, the addition of a luminescent compound, or the handedness of the liquid crystal mixture, and they were potentially applied in decoration and anti-counterfeiting.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
·
2024
·Vol. 26
·期 14
·2302224
·
IF 3.4
Mtawa Alsaadi,Kittitat Lerttraikul,Sojiphong Chatraphorn,Salinporn Kittiwatanakul
Due to the growing need for smart windows for buildings to reduce energy usage, vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) has been investigated as a potential material for thermochromic smart windows due to its ease of implementation and simplicity in industrial production. VO 2 undergoes a reversible phase shift from a monoclinic (M, P21/c) semiconductor to a rutile (R, P42/mnm) metal at a critical temperature of 68 °C. This transition is accompanied by acute variations in IR reflectance, transmittance, and electrical resistance. Despite substantial developments in thermochromic materials, their optical and transition properties are still unsatisfactory. In the past several decades, many methods for enhancing optical properties have been reported, including composite films, multilayer structures, and element doping. Recent developments in thermochromic smart windows to improve both optical properties and durability have been surveyed in this review. Additionally, future growth trends have been provided by the possibility of commercially manufacturing VO 2 smart windows.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
·
2012
·
IF 4.542
Jing Du,Yanfeng Gao,Zhang Chen,Litao Kang,Zongtao Zhang,Hongjie Luo
Application of VO 2 to smart windows calls for an enhancement of both luminous transmittance ( T lum ) and solar transmittance modulation (Δ T sol ). These two properties are related to optical constants , microstructure and film thickness. In this article, VO 2 -based films with increased microroughness are prepared by polymer assisted deposition , and ZnCl 2 is added to the precursor solution to control the microstructure of the films. Addition of ZnCl 2 increases the microroughness of films through phase separation, which largely decreases the refraction index and the reflectivity of the films, resulting in enhanced luminous transmittance and solar transmittance modulation; two films with balanced optical performance show T lum =50.5% and Δ T sol =11.3%, and T lum =59.3% and Δ T sol =10.5%, respectively. Moreover, this kind of microstructure control has no influence on doping VO 2 , which is proven by the deposition and characterization of W-doped VO 2 -based films. By the formation of a W-doped VO 2 /F:SnO 2 /glass multilayer stack, a film shows excellent thermochromic properties and low emissivities; typically, a film with a phase transition temperature, T lum , Δ T sol of 43.4 °C, 30.0%, 8.82%, respectively, and emissivity of 0.20 for monoclinic and 0.33 for rutile phase is successfully prepared.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
·
2022
·
IF 7.093
Qiuxing Lei,Lingling Wang,Huaqing Xie,Wei Yu
Windows are the least energy-saving part of the building envelope. To realize building energy-saving, smart windows have been developed. However, traditional fully passive thermochromic smart windows cannot adjust their transparency according to the complex outdoor climate “intelligently”, and only adjusts the solar radiation, ignoring the indoor temperature increase caused by heat entering the room in the form of convection. Here, we embed poly ( N -isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) microgel into a highly transparent polyacrylamide (PAM) matrix, the PNIPAm-PAM hydrogel exhibits an ultrahigh luminous transmittance of 90.6% and solar modulation of 65.5%. By introducing nanoparticles into thermochromic hydrogels and combining the advantages of fluid glass in heat convection control, we develop a new type of active and passive dual-control smart window (APDC smart window) for the first time. In the indoor demonstration, it is proved that the smart window injected with 1-cm PNIPAm liquid has the best energy-saving ability, and the greenhouse installed with a 1-cm PNIPAm liquid smart window reduces the indoor air temperature by 15 °C compared with normal glass. In the outdoor demonstration, the indoor air temperatures of the APDC smart windows are reduced by ∼14 °C, ∼16 °C, ∼8.5 °C, and ∼9.5 °C respectively in different orientations of east, west, south, and north than normal glass window, and it is reduced by ∼4–8 °C compare with the 1-cm PNIPAm liquid smart window. This opens a new avenue for energy-efficient buildings and greenhouses.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
建筑节能
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Scientific Reports
·
2021
·Vol. 11
·期 1
·1-9
·
IF 4.38
Zou Weihua,Li Zimu,Wang Zhangheng,Sun Delin,Zhang Pingfang
The red thermochromic dye (R-TD) is the tetradecanoic acid tetradecyl ester (C 28 H 56 O 2 ) and methyl red (C 15 H 15 N 3 O 2 ) mixture that has better permeability enabling its infiltration into wood and better thermochromic properties changing its colour at above 30 °C after about 0.5 min. Thicker poplar-based thermochromic composite specimens (R-PTC, thickness: 5.0 mm) were prepared by filling the R-TD into pre-treated poplar veneer (thickness: 5.0 mm) thus allowing better penetration after pre-treatment. After R-TD infiltration, the R-PTC samples were covered by polypropylene wax for preventing R-TD from overflowing from R-PTC under the action of phase-change temperature. This R-PTC, whose colour can change from light-red to dark-red at 38 °C to 46 °C, can recover to light-red at below 38 °C after about 14 h, and the peak of colour change is at about 42 °C. R-PTC will be suitable for materials used in thermochromic furniture that can indicate the surface temperature to potential users, thus allowing assessment of likely scalded pain when used the furniture.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
木材科学
·
热敏材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
·
2023
·
IF 4.6
Zishuo Yi,Peng Liu,Yan Xu
Optical storage technology for information encryption is a popular means of safeguarding information. Herein, a Bi3+-activated ZnGa2O4 multimode dynamic photoluminescence (PL) material is developed. Upon being irradiated with an ultraviolet lamp at a fixed excitation wavelength of 254 nm, the ZnGa2O4: x% Bi3+ (x = 0.5–5.0) samples exhibit varying degrees of dynamic PL emission due to a distinct Bi3+ doping effect. The mechanism underlying the dynamic PL of ZnGa2O4: Bi3+ associated with Bi3+-activated trap concentration modulation is investigated using thermoluminescence spectra. Additionally, the ZnGa2O4: 5% Bi3+ sample shows a reversible thermally responsive dynamic PL with a color variation from blue to red upon heating from 283 to 393 K. Predesigned procedures based on single-wavelength-mediated photochromic and thermochromic dynamic PL emissions of ZnGa2O4: Bi3+ are designed for rewritable optical data storage and high-level information encryption. Also, an enhanced encryption scheme with a mask encoding technique applying a ZnGa2O4: Bi3+ hybridized polyvinylidene difluoride film is then proposed to increase the security level. Accordingly, this work provides a feasible way to rationally design dynamic PL material offering more creative designs for safeguarding information via encryption.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ADVANCED MATERIALS
·
2023
·
IF 29.4
Xin Zhang,Tian Yin,Jianping Ge
Thermochromic photonic crystals are promising materials for thermal printing due to their unfaded colors under chemical/illuminated environments and the absence of toxic chemicals. However, the slow thermochromic response, the multistep printing procedures, the use of inks or developing liquids, and the requirement of expensive parts in printers limit their applications. Here, a thermochromic polyurethane/hydrophobic-SiO 2 photonic crystal/paraffin (PU/HPO-SiO 2 -PC/Para) film with an integrated multilayer structure is fabricated for all-solid-state and single-step thermal printing that is fully compatible with commercial printers. The fast thermochromic response in milliseconds enables high-resolution and grayscale printing as the paraffin infiltration and the color change can be finely controlled in a microscale range. The integrated and hydrophobic multilayer structure renders the thermochromic film good stability in daily liquids, which addresses the long-existing concern of print fading. Meanwhile, the integrated multilayer structure also enhances the mechanical stability when it is deposited on fibrous paper so that people can fold, cut, or staple the thermal papers, and make notes confidently in practical usage.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2016
·Vol. 6
·期 38
·32176-32182
·
IF 3.289
Fan Yang,Xingfeng Shi,Zhang Chen,Dongyun Ma,Yupeng Wu,Hongjie Luo,Yanfeng Gao
Thermochromic (TC) and electrochromic (EC) smart windows are the mostly studied categories of smart window, but they usually work in different wavebands, and each have their own advantages. This work offers a method to combine the advantages of TC and EC smart windows by synthesizing TC–EC dual-response TiO2–VO2 nanocomposite films. These films were prepared by dispersing VO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in TiO2 sols and then underwent annealing. The optimized film showed a luminous transmittance (Tlum) of 66.1% at 20 °C, 59.3% at 90 °C and a ΔTsol of 11.2%. By applying a voltage of −5 V, the film showed an EC transmittance modulation (ΔT) of 19.1% at 630 nm, a combined performance of Tlum = 44.7% and ΔTsol = 17.1% (increased by 52%). The color of the films could also be modified from a yellowish brown to a light blue, which is meaningful for practical usage. The current TiO2–VO2 nanocomposite film combines TC and EC performance, which may be an important breakthrough in energy saving smart windows.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2022
·
IF 16.744
Meixia Wu,Xiao Zhou,Xihui Liang,Yifeng Han,Yonghong Li,Xingan Jiang,Xueyun Wang,Yisheng Chai,Xiang Zhou,Hui Yang,Dan Lin,Ping Xu,Man-Rong Li
Multifunctional thermochromic materials integrated optical, ferroelectric, and/or magnetic properties have been long envisioned and played an invaluable role in signal processing and non-contact optical information storage in smart windows. However, poor materials stability, together with high discoloration temperature, absence of ferroelectric, or magnetic behaviors, impedes most thermochromic materials for practical applications. Here, the thermochromic behavior of all-inorganic lead-free ferroelectric Sn 2 P 2 S 6 (SPS) is extensively studied, which exhibits a reversible color change between light orange and red around the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition temperature (∼ 67 °C). In situ powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Raman spectroscopy indicate the change of P-S and Sn-S bond distance, and thus result in the modification of (P 2 S 6 ) octahedral geometry and the coordination environment of Sn 2+ ions along with the evolution of thermochromism (TCM). Additionally, the first-principles calculations reveal that, the Sn 5 s 2 stereochemically active lone pair electrons evoke negative lattice expansion comparable to that of the known ZrW 2 O 8 at warming and is responsible for the reversible TCM of SPS. SPS also possesses high near-infrared reflectance ( R > 80 %, 1100-2500 nm). The integration of ferroelectricity, high near-infrared reflectance, and TCM below 100 °C renders potential applications of the titled compound in multifunctional optical smart windows.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学
·
物理化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2024
·
IF 4.4
Bo Xiang,Luyao Xu,Yufei Li,Liyuan Jiao,Rong Zhang
Thermochromism and radiative cooling have received extensive attention as two popular research areas in recent years. However, how to effectively combine the two remains a challenge. Herein, we present a well-designed polymethylpentene (TPX)/silicon dioxide (SiO2)/thermochromic microcapsule (TSTM) hybrid film, which effectively integrates both thermochromic and radiative cooling capabilities. Notably, the thermochromic capability gives the TSTM film excellent anticounterfeiting performance by inducing a temperature-dependent change in solar transmittance. Furthermore, the TSTM film exhibits a high average infrared emittance (ˉεIR) value of ∼94% at low temperatures and achieves a cooling effect exceeding 5C under a solar intensity (Isolar) of ∼900 W m–2, indicating an excellent radiative cooling property and potential for effective low-temperature preservation under sunlit conditions. Additionally, the TSTM film demonstrates outstanding durability, while a simple and straightforward fabrication process allows for large-scale production. Such a scalable, durable, and dual-functional hybrid film demonstrates an innovative and effective design, holding promise for expanding its application in the fields of anticounterfeiting and low temperature preservation.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学工程
·
能源技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）