SOLID STATE SCIENCES
·
2023
·
IF 3.5
Guang Yang,Hengwei Yan,Zhanwei Liu,Wenhui Ma,Shenghui Guo,Yonghui Yang
In this study, aluminothermic reduction and molten salt electrolysis were combined to prepare titanium powder. In this combined method, titanium dioxide was first deoxidized to produce titanium–aluminum alloy through an aluminothermic reduction reaction, and then the titanium–aluminum alloy was separated through chloride molten salt electrolysis to generate titanium powder. The obtained titanium powder, titanium aluminum alloy and slag was analyzed using several techniques, including X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. A mass ratio of 2:3 of titanium dioxide and aluminum was suitable for the production of titanium–aluminum alloys. A large amount of alumina generated through the aluminothermic reduction reaction was separated into slag phases using cryolite. Then, the phases were electrolyzed into aluminum and cryolite, which were reused as raw materials. The final titanium–aluminum alloy product was electrolyzed in a chloride molten salt system to separate titanium and aluminum and produce titanium powder. Therefore, the combination of thermal reduction and molten salt electrolysis is efficient and has great potential for producing high-purity titanium powder.
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金工程
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DOI
高影响因子
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A
·
2023
·Vol. 97
·期 10
·2314-2320
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IF 0.7
Chen Liyu,Wang Zhaowen,Yang Youjian,Tao Wenju,Shi Zhongning,Hu Xianwei
Abstract This paper focuses on preparation of Al–Zr master alloy and Al 3 Zr intermetallic compound. A method is proposed to obtain Al 3 Zr intermetallic compound from Al–Zr master alloy by leaching. The alloy was prepared by electrolysis in 2.4NaF–AlF 3 –5 wt % CaF 2 –5 wt % ZrO 2 cryolite-based electrolyte with the molten Al as cathode and the high purity graphite as anode at 980°C. Zirconium was deposited in the form of solid Al 3 Zr at the bottom of the cathode alloy, and the main phase compositions of the obtained Al-base alloy product were Al phase and Al 3 Zr phase. Then, cube-shaped Al 3 Zr intermetallic compound particles with an average size of 37.8 μm were obtained from the Al–Zr master alloy product by combining alkaline and acidic leaching.
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金学
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Changchao Su,Yuheng Sun,Hongqun Tang,Youbin Wang,Fuxu Tao,Zhengbin Xu,Chunhua Wei,Zezuo Jiang,Shiqiang Wei
Rare-earth metal neodymium is an important raw material for NdFeB permanent magnets, and its demand has significantly increased in recent years. Molten salt electrolysis is the main method for the production of metal neodymium, so the study of the electrodeposition process of neodymium ions in molten salt at the cathode is of great significance for the production of metal neodymium. In this paper, the electrochemical deposition process of neodymium ions on a tungsten working electrode was studied in a LiF-NdF 3 -Nd 2 O 3 molten salt system using electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry and open circuit potential. Additionally, the influence of LiF content in the molten salt on the electrodeposition process was analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the reduction of neodymium ions in the LiF-NdF 3 -Nd 2 O 3 molten salt system consists of two stepwise quasi-reversible redox reactions: Nd(III) → Nd(II) and Nd(II) → Nd(0). The corresponding reduction peak potentials are −0.78 V and −1.19 V, respectively. The Nd(III) → Nd(II) reaction is solely diffusion-controlled, while the Nd(II) → Nd(0) reaction is governed by both surface control and diffusion control in the electrochemical process. The increase in LiF content in the molten salt leads to a shift of the cathodic overpotential in the positive direction. When the LiF content is high, the reduction of neodymium ions on the electrode becomes unstable, making it unfavorable for the deposition of metal neodymium on the tungsten electrode.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 7.2
Jing Pan,Wenhao Li,Yongde Yan,Xuepeng Wang,Sihao Wang,Yun Xue,Fuqiu Ma,Kai Zhu,Wei Liu
Effective extraction of lanthanum (La) from spent nuclear fuel is crucial for promoting the sustainable use of nuclear energy. Liquid aluminum (Al) electrode shows significant advantages as active cathodes in the electrochemical extraction of lanthanides (Ln). However, the electrolytic reduction of La by liquid Al in NaCl-KCl melt has not received adequate attention and understanding. For this reason, the electrochemical recovery of La from NaCl-KCl melt using a liquid Al cathode has been investigated in this paper by a series of electrochemical methods. The results indicate that the reduction of La(III) on the W electrode occurs as a one-step process and the reaction is irreversible. The diffusion coefficient of La(III)/La was determined to be 6.70×10 -5 cm 2 s -1 . Meanwhile, the co-reduction process of La(III) and Al(III) on the W electrode was systematically investigated to explore the potential for forming binary intermetallic compounds. In addition, the exchange current density (0.025-0.030 A cm -2 ) at different temperatures was determined using linear polarization (LP), further elucidating the temperature dependence of the exchange current density. Finally, La was successfully extracted as an alloy by potentiostatic electrolysis on the Al electrode. This study provides promising insights for the extraction of La in NaCl-KCl melt on liquid Al electrode.
研究领域:
材料科学
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核能工程
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电化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
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2025
·
IF 2.5
Jiabao Gao,Kewei Jiang,Alena Novoselova,Valeri Smolenski,Jing Yu,Qi Liu,Rumin Li,Jun Wang
Liquid metallic gallium demonstrates a great potential as a reactive cathode with an excellent characteristic for the effective separation of fission products in the recovery of spent nuclear fuel in the “liquid metal-salt melt system”. Advanced electrochemical methods were utilized to investigate the deposition mechanism of Er(III) ions, along with the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of Er(III) ions on both an inert molybdenum (Mo) electrode and a liquid gallium (Ga) electrode. The results indicate that the reduction reaction of Er(III) belongs to a one-step of process involving the transfer of three electrons and the process is reversible within the range of scanning rates investigated on an Mo electrode. The diffusion coefficients at different temperatures were calculated on inert Mo electrode, and the activation energy of diffusion process was calculated to be 33.38 kJ mol-1. Subsequently, the electrochemical co-deposition of Ga(III) and Er(III) ions on an inert Mo cathode and the reduction of Er(III) ions on reactive Ga cathode were investigated, and the electrochemical mechanisms of the two reaction types were determined. Additionally, the oxidation-reduction potentials of the Er-Ga intermetallic compounds that may be appeared during the reaction were determined. The main thermodynamic properties of Er-Ga alloy were obtained by open circuit potentiometry, then the separation factors of U/Er couple were explored. Meanwhile, Er was effectively extracted as ErGa6 through potentiostatic electrolysis at -2.0 V for 12 h, achieving an extraction rate of approximately 98.3%.
研究领域:
核燃料回收
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电化学
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Sheng Pang,Jijun Lu,Liangwei Cong,Youpeng Xu,Yiwei Sun,Zhenqian Zhang,Jianwei Guo,Dong Wang,Xiao Yang,Guoyu Qian,Zhi Wang
3D construction or pore-forming of carbon nanosheets brings the materials exceptional energy storage performance. However, these strategies involve complicated procedures and challenging conditions. Herein, based on the structural regulation of a MAX phase, a facile method was proposed to prepare MAX-derived carbon (MDC) with dual tunability of dimension and pore structure via molten salt electrochemical etching-gaseous sulfur delamination coupling. Polyhedral structure Ti 2 SC and highly oriented structure Ti 2 SC were transformed into 3D Mesopore carbon nanoshells (3D Meso-CNSL) and 2D Mesopore carbon nanosheets (2D Meso-CNST) in one step. By matching the decomposition voltage of TiCl x with that of PS-Ti 2 SC, Cl 2 gas generated in situ was employed to enhance the porosity of the 3D Meso-CNSL, resulting in the formation of 3D meso/macro-porous carbon nanoshells (3D Meso/Macro-CNSL) with doubled pore volume (1.45 cm 3 g −1 ) and specific surface area (649.97 m 2 g −1 ). The 3D Meso/Macro-CNSL exhibits excellent capacity performance and cycle stability under high current density. The capacities are 674.8 mAh g −1 and 501.5 mAh g −1 after 1000 cycles at 5 A g −1 and 10 A g −1 , respectively. It is the first report on the direct delamination of MAX phases into 3D nanomaterials, presenting a new pathway for the precise regulation of the nanostructure of the MDCs.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源存储
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 7.3
Yonghui Yang,Hengwei Yan,Zhanwei Liu,Shenghui Guo,Rui Xia,Jin Zhang
This study develops a two-step electrolysis process using TiO2 as the raw material for large-particle titanium powder production in fluoride-chloride molten salts. TiO2 is first dissolved in NaF-K2TiF6 molten salt at 850 °C to form Ti–O–F complexes, and then titanium is electrodeposited at 1.2 A/cm2 for 4 h to produce sponge-like titanium powder. The obtained titanium powder has an average particle size of approximately 30 μm and an oxygen content of about 0.59 wt %. Due to the high oxygen content, secondary electrorefining is performed in NaCl-KCl melts, investigating the effects of TiCl4 addition, current density, and Ti2+ ion concentration. Under conditions of 0.6 A/cm2 current density and 8 wt % Ti2+ ion concentration with TiCl4 addition, the titanium powder reaches an average particle size of 220 μm, with the oxygen content significantly reduced to 0.021 wt %, and its particle size increases significantly. The oxygen content decreases. The current efficiency during the electrolysis of TiO2 is 54%, while the current efficiency during the secondary electrorefining process is 72%. COMSOL Multiphysics simulation shows good agreement with experimental results, highlighting the influence of current density and titanium ion concentration on cathodic deposition thickness. Compared with the traditional Kroll process, this method reduces energy consumption by approximately 30%, offering a more sustainable and energy-efficient alternative for titanium production. This study confirms the feasibility of using TiO2 in fluoride-based molten salt systems for continuous titanium production.
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金工程
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电化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials
·
2020
·Vol. 27
·期 12
·1687-1694
·
IF 1.713
Tian Dong-hua,Han Zhen-chao,Wang Ming-yong,Jiao Shu-qiang
Graphite materials are widely used as electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage. N-doping is an effective method for enhancing the electrochemical properties of graphite. A novel one-step N-doping method for complete and compact carbon paper was proposed for molten salt electrolysis in the LiCl-KCl-Li 3 N system. The results show that the degree of graphitization of carbon paper can be improved by the electrolysis of molten salts, especially at 2.0 V. Nitrogen gas was produced at the anode and nitrogen atoms can substitute carbon atoms of carbon paper at different sites to create nitrogen doping during the electrolysis process. The doping content of N in carbon paper is up to 13.0wt%. There were three groups of nitrogen atoms, i.e. quaternary N (N-Q), pyrrolic N (N-5), and pyridinic N (N-6) in N-doping carbon paper. N-doping carbon paper as an Al-ion battery cathode shows strong charge-recharge properties.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2019
·Vol. 166
·期 2
·D65
·
IF 3.12
Min Li,Ying Li,Zhaowen Wang
The electrochemical reduction of zirconium oxide in a molten salt of 2.4NaF·AlF3 (molar ratio = 2.4) was studied at 1273 K. Cyclic voltammetry results show that Zr(IV) ions are first reduced to an intermediate valence and, then, are co-deposited with aluminum to form an Al-Zr alloy. Potentiostatic electrolysis experiments were carried out at different potentials (−0.95 and −1.25 V) and at 1273 K, and the electrolysis products were characterized using SEM-EDS and XRD. The XRD analysis confirms that a mixture of cryolite molten salt and ZrO2 was electrodeposited at −0.95 V, while aluminum and Al3Zr were electrodeposited at −1.25 V. The SEM analysis shows that the aluminum and Al3Zr were in two different phases.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2024
·
IF 5.5
Yapeng Kong,Longdi Ma,Heng Zhang,Xiwen Chen,Xuemin Liang,Liqiang Wang,Yangyang Fan,Yuran Chen
Aluminum-tantalum powders are emerging as new raw materials for additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, but their preparation in bulk quantities and in powder form via conventional metallurgical methods is challenging. In this study, we report a one-step synthesis of spherical Al 3 Ta powder by direct electrolyzing solid Ta 2 O 5 cathode ( vs . a graphite anode) in molten Na 3 AlF 6 -K 3 AlF 6 -AlF 3 -LiF-Al 2 O 3 . Cyclic voltammetry and constant potential electrolysis techniques were employed to characterize the electrochemical reaction process, along with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for the structural and morphological analyses. The process involves an initial Ta 2 O 5 electro-deoxygenation process, the subsequent electrodeposition of Al 3+ on the formed Ta particles and an in-situ alloying process. The innovative use of Ta 2 O 5 cathodes with a novel hierarchical porous structure allows for a controlled transformation of cathode particle morphology and facilitates the rapid generation of nanoscale tantalum particles. Al 3+ from the electrolyte is then electrodeposited onto these particles, initiating an in-situ alloying reaction. This is an exothermic process that facilitates the diffusion of aluminum atoms into tantalum, and reduces the interfacial energy promoting the formation of spherical Al 3 Ta particles. Such powders are in demand for AM techniques. The findings may now guide the way to establishing the electrochemical route for the short-process preparation of other high-temperature alloy powders.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
·
2024
·
IF 4.3
Yonghui Yang,Hengwei Yan,Pengchen Yang,Zhanwei Liu,Guang Yang
The segregation of aluminum-silicon alloys directly impacts the mechanical and chemical properties of the alloys, Therefore, homogenization of alloys is of great significance for alloys. This study initially investigated the electrochemical behavior of aluminum (III) and silicon (IV) during the preparation of aluminum-silicon (Al-Si) alloys in NaF-AlF 3 -Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 molten salts through cyclic voltammetry and steady-state polarization. The results revealed that Al 2 O 3 underwent one-step reduction to Al, whereas SiO 2 underwent a two-step reduction process to Si. In addition, electrolysis experiments were carried out in a NaF-AlF 3 -Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -5wt%CaF 2 -1wt%MgF 2 -2wt%LiF molten salt system with molecular ratio of 2.4. These experiments involved variations in current density, electrolysis time, Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 additions. It is worth noting that under the conditions of current density of 0.7 A/cm 2 , electrolysis time of 2 h, and silica addition of 2 %, the reduction rate of silicon reached a maximum value of 72.57 %, at which time the silicon in the aluminum-silicon alloys showed a dendritic structure, which was uniformly distributed throughout the entire alloy, and the segregation of the alloy was effectively avoided.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Nuclear Engineering and Technology
·
2024
·
IF 2.6
Taiqi Yin,Yongcheng Zhang,Lei Zhang,Tao Bo,Xiaoli Tan,Weiqun Shi
Traditional physical methods for measuring solubility were often affected by viscosity, density, and surface tension. In this study, we selected appropriate electrolytes to determine the solubility of impurities in the lead-bismuth circuit at reactor operating temperatures using electrochemical methods. Taking the measurement of the solubility of impurity Ce in liquid Bi as an example, we demonstrated that electrochemical methods can accurately determine its solubility in the LiCl-KCl molten salt. Furthermore, the successful measurement of other impurities such as La, Ce, U, and Mn in lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) using the designed system has confirmed the universality of this method.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
核能工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）