JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
·
2026
·Vol. 115
·期 11
·104488
·
IF 3.9
Yushan Cheng,Hong Shu,Yingjun Zhang,Lina Qin,Rong Chen,Zhenyu Wang
Determining the particle size distribution (PSD) of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in nasal spray suspensions is a challenging task that usually requires the use of morphologically-directed Raman spectroscopy (MDRS). A dissolution-based modeling strategy was established to characterize the entire PSD of starting API in mometasone furoate nasal sprays using dissolution data of finished formulations, whereas MDRS measures API PSD in the final products. A dissolution-PSD model was built in-house to derive the API PSD from the dissolution data of target products, with model parameters estimated using test products with known raw API PSD and dissolution profiles. To obtain representative dissolution data that could better reflect the intrinsic API PSD characteristics of the formulation, different sample pretreatment procedures and dissolution approaches were investigated. The results suggested that the dissolution profile acquired by the paddle method following combined enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrasonication pretreatment was preferable for characterizing the starting API particle size features. Model predictions demonstrated that the commercial Nasonex® displayed a bimodal volume-weighted PSD and a relatively high Dv 90 of 15.8 μm, which differed from previous reports. A modified MDRS was applied for cross-checking, and the modeled Dv 90 was in agreement with the measured results. Cross-validation for the model using five test batches yielded prediction errors mostly <10%, indicating acceptable performance. For nasal suspension products that typically present complex PSD features, the present method may provide a feasible auxiliary tool for guiding formulation screening and optimizing manufacturing parameters in the preliminary development stage.
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DESALINATION
·
2026
·
IF 9.9
Jilong Han,Ruyi Shi,Mochi Li,Huanzhang Lu,Yijian Zheng,Pengfei Li,Jisheng Li
Dense LLTO-Al 2 O 3 membrane (∼20 μm) for /Li + from high Mg 2+ /Li + brine. • Optimised LLTO (x = 0.11, 1250 °C/6 h): tetragonal, 3.26 × 10 3 S/cm. • La-poor/La-rich enables 2D Li + transport; Mg 2+ blocked by size. • Intergranular defects are main pathway for Mg 2+ co-permeation. • Selectivity 16.06, 99.61% Mg 2+ rejection (6 h); energy 23.21 kW·h (24 h). To solve the problem of lithium extraction from salt lake brine with a high magnesium‑lithium ratio, a composite ceramic membrane electrodialysis technology based on perovskite-type superionic conductor Li 3x La 2/3-x TiO 3 (LLTO) was proposed. LLTO powder was synthesised by the sol-gel method. The lithium doping amount (x = 0.11), sintering temperature (1250 °C) and time (6 h) were systematically optimised to obtain tetragonal LLTO with high ionic conductivity (3.26 × 10 −3 S/cm). Then, the LLTO-Al 2 O 3 composite film was prepared by a spin coating process (PVA content of 20%, LLTO solid content of 0.08 g/mL, spin coating 10 times) with porous alumina as the substrate. After calcination at 1275 °C for 6 h, a dense film with a thickness of about 20 μm was formed. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the two-dimensional selective transport of Li can be realised in the LLTO inner layer based on the La-poor / La-rich alternating structure, while Mg 2+ is hindered by the size effect. Intergranular defects are the main pathway leading to the co-permeation of Mg 2+ . The electrodialysis experiment showed that the membrane had good selectivity (selectivity coefficient 16.06) and Mg 2+ rejection rate (99.61%) for Li at the initial stage of operation (6 h), and the energy consumption was 23.21 kWh after 24 h of electrodialysis. This study provides a reference for membrane material design, preparation process and transmission mechanism for lithium extraction from high magnesium‑lithium ratio brine, and has potential application value.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2026
·
IF 6.7
Shengdong Cai,Fangyu Gan,Lichun Cheng,Qingrong Yao,Jiang Wang
Balancing dielectric attenuation and impedance matching is essential for developing efficient MXene-based EMW absorbers because an excessively developed conductive network may deteriorate impedance matching and hinder electromagnetic wave penetration. Herein, Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene/Y 2 O 3 /C composites were prepared through in situ solvothermal assembly followed by pyrolysis. By increasing the Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene feed fraction, the dielectric response and impedance-matching behavior of the composites were systematically regulated. Structural analyses confirmed the formation of crystalline Y 2 O 3 , carbonaceous domains, and MXene-based heterostructures with mesoporous features. The composites exhibited composition-dependent and non-monotonic absorption behavior. MY-3(Nominal MXene-to-precursor feed ratios of 2:5) composite delivered the strongest absorption intensity with a minimum RL of −49.4 dB, while MY-4(Nominal MXene-to-precursor feed ratios of 1:2) composite achieved the broadest EAB of 7.2 GHz. The enhanced absorption performance is attributed to the regulated conductive network, interfacial polarization at MXene/Y 2 O 3 /C heterointerfaces, dipole polarization from polar bonds and oxygen-containing groups, and improved impedance matching. Radar cross-section simulations further verified the scattering suppression capability of the optimized coatings. This work demonstrates that Y 2 O 3 /C-assisted dielectric regulation is an effective strategy for improving broadband absorption in MXene-based dielectric absorbing materials.
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Foods
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 12
·2116
·
IF 5.1
Xianghui Yan,Ting Peng,Zheling Zeng,Pengbo Wang,Yifang Gao,Xuefang Wen,Jiaheng Xia,Deming Gong,Ping Yu
Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) are regarded as an important ingredient for functional foods and nutraceuticals.Cinnamomum camphoraseed kernel oil (CCSKO) contains more than 95% medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), which is a significantly higher level than palm kernel oil (62%) and coconut oil (55%). However, the safety assessment of CCSKO, as the only natural MCT oil rich in capric acid and lauric acid found so far in the world, has not been fully verified. The study aimed to investigate the 90-day sub-chronic oral toxicity and teratogenicity of CCSKO. In the sub-chronic oral toxicity study, no clinically significant adverse events occurred in male or female Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats with CCSKO daily administration for 13 weeks. Moreover, there were no dose–response relationships between CCSKO and body-weight gain, food intake and food utilization in male or female SD rats. No significant differences (p> 0.05) were found in the hematological properties or organ weights between the male and female SD rats. In the teratogenicity test, no toxicological signs were observed in either Wister pregnant rats or fetuses. The no-observed-adverse-effect level of CCSKO was determined to be more than 4 mL/kg body weight. These results suggested that CCSKO may be an excellent edible oil with high oral safety.
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AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 4.3
Xue Yang,Qiwei Zhang,Lihua Yang
The subchronic cardiotoxicity of 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (2,6-DCBQ), an unregulated disinfection byproduct with high environmental detection rates, remains poorly characterized. Using integrated multi-omics (transcriptomics, proteomics, phosphoproteomics) and histopathological analyses in zebrafish, this study systematically elucidated its dose-dependent (low-dose, 10 nM; medium-dose, 100 nM; high-dose, 1000 nM) cardiotoxicity, from adaptive remodeling to failure, over a 35-day exposure period. A reduction in atrioventricular inflow ranging from 81.4 % to 93.9 %, along with lipid droplet accumulation and Z-disc rupture, indicate a dose-dependent cardiac crisis induced by 2,6-DCBQ. Multi-omics analyses, revealed that the kinase cascade involving braf (Myhpc2_T1545), camk2a (Mybpc3_S291), and mark3b (Ttn.1_S28131) arranged dose-dependent cytoskeletal remodeling. High-dose exposure initiated an inflammation-cytoskeleton vicious cycle, wherein chemokine-driven collagen degradation exacerbated Z-disc rupture, while lipotoxic lipid droplets recruit inflammatory infiltrates, collectively escalating irreversible cardiac decompensation. These findings demonstrate that subchronic exposure to 2,6-DCBQ initiates cardiac remodeling, escalating cardiovascular susceptibility in exposed populations.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Tianyi Li,Junxiu Piao,Dongliang Xu,Yuhui Meng,Lifu Zhang,Xu Han,Xiaoran Yang,Linze Jin,Sheng Bi
As high-energy-density power sources for electric vehicles and grid storage, lithium-ion batteries demand stringent thermal safety standards. However, thermal accumulation during fast charging and propagating thermal runaway (TR) cascades remain critical bottlenecks, where conventional phase change materials (PCMs) are difficult to balance the contradiction between heat dissipation and emergency thermal blocking. To address thermal accumulation and prevent TR propagation in lithium-ion battery modules, a tunable-thermal-conductivity phase change material (MF@MXene/PA) was synthesized. The MF@MXene/PA integrates paraffin (PA) within an MXene-reinforced melamine-formaldehyde resin (MF) porous matrix synthesized via hydrogen bond-directed in-situ self-assembly. Structural analyses confirmed that the incorporation of MXene could regulate the porous microstructure, and the optimal latent heat (157.01 J/g) and thermal conductivity (0.3754 W/m·K) were obtained at 2 mg/mL MXene. The porous structure in the MXene-MF framework provides strong capillary forces to adsorb PA. Meanwhile, under the synergistic effect of high temperature and air, the thermal conductivity of self-extinguishing MF@MXene reduced by 66.1 %, showed the thermal-triggered tunable thermal conductivity. In thermal management tests, the composite lowered peak temperatures by 11.2–23.1 % during 1C/2C cycling and maintained thermal homogeneity (<3 °C variation) by enhancing thermal conductivity. During the TR propagation, the composites delayed adjacent batteries ignition by 857 s and extended propagation intervals by 205–304 %, attributable to heat absorption of phase change and synergistic insulation from MXene-derived TiO₂. The dual functionality (heat dissipation and TR suppression), combined with self-extinguishing behavior, makes MF@MXene/PA a promising candidate for a safer battery thermal management system.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Jinming Li,Qiaoyu Li,Zhaoxiang Lu,Wenyu Wu,Xiaojun He,Zhou Yang,Yun Feng
Corneal alkali burns represent severe ocular injuries characterized by acute inflammation and long-term stromal fibrosis, potentially causing irreversible vision loss. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment due to its regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. However, conventional cell injection methods are limited by poor cell viability, low retention rates, and injection-induced mechanical trauma, significantly impairing therapeutic outcomes. Here, we present collagen-modified chitosan porous microspheres (ColMS) as a cell-laden porous microcarrier system to enhance adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) delivery efficiency for corneal repair following alkali burns. The ColMS possess tunable pore sizes (~6–18 μm) and particle diameters (~163–313 μm), providing a three-dimensional scaffold to support ADSC adhesion, proliferation, and enhanced cell viability during injection. In vitro experiments confirmed that ADSC-loaded ColMS (ColMS-ADSCs) exhibits robust immunomodulatory capacity and epithelial regenerative capabilities. Using a rat corneal alkali burn model, subconjunctival injection of ColMS-ADSCs suppressed acute inflammation in the early stage and effectively reduced corneal fibrosis in the late stage, leading to substantial restoration of corneal transparency. The treatment promoted epithelial regeneration, with epithelial thickness restored to near-normal levels and decreased myofibroblast activation, as evidenced by a 1.5-fold reduction in α-SMA fluorescence intensity compared to the alkali burn group. This work demonstrate that ColMS effectively enhance stem cell delivery efficiency, offering a promising clinical strategy for the treatment of corneal alkali burns, potentially opening new avenues toward improved vision restoration.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2026
·
IF 9.2
Zhiyue He,Han Liu,Zhenyu Xu,Tianhong Xu,Naixin Zhai,Zhenzhi Cheng,Fei Gao,Guangsheng Luo,Weiping Zhou
The rational design of heterogeneous interfaces combined with high-entropy configuration plays a critical role in tailoring microwave absorption mechanisms, paving the way for developing advanced absorbing materials with exceptional performance. Herein, we propose a novel material paradigm of high-entropy ferrite/nitrides heterogeneous composites to achieve broadband absorption. A series of these composites were synthesized via chemical co-precipitation and subsequent controlled nitridation of multi-cation spinel precursors. This strategy ingeniously integrates entropy engineering and heterogeneous interface construction. The highentropy configuration enables precise dielectric tuning, while the in-situ formed iron nitrides (Fe 4 N, FeN) enhance conductive loss and create abundant interfaces for intensified polarization. Coupled with multi-mode magnetic loss mechanisms, these synergistic effects empower the composites with exceptional absorption capabilities. A remarkable minimum reflection loss of -62.38 dB is attained, and an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.72 GHz is obtained at a thin matching thickness of 1.9 mm. Furthermore, a macroscopic gradient metamaterial designed with these composites accomplishes an ultra-broad bandwidth of 13.81 GHz with a total thickness of merely 5.6 mm. This work advances the synergistic integration of entropy engineering and heterogeneous interface construction, providing valuable inspiration for developing next-generation multi-component microwave absorption materials.
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JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 2.8
Fei Chen,Xiaoping Zhang,Guangzheng Zhang,Linlin Mo,Baikang Zhu,Tingyong Wang,Bingyuan Hong,Daiwei Liu
The poor low-temperature flowability of waxy crude oil, stemming from the formation of a continuous wax crystal network, poses a major operational and economic challenge to pipeline transportation. While polymeric pour point depressants (PPDs) and intrinsic asphaltenes are known to exhibit a synergistic flow-enhancing effect, the mechanistic role of PPD molecular architecture—specifically the impact of polar and aromatic functional groups—remains inadequately defined. To address this, a series of structurally tailored comb-like PPDs were synthesized via radical copolymerization of octadecyl acrylate with vinyl acetate (POV), maleic anhydride (POM), or styrene (POS). Their synergistic interactions with asphaltenes (0.75 wt%) in a model waxy oil were systematically deciphered through pour point measurements, rheological analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized light microscopy, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Results indicate that for oil without asphaltenes, polyoctadecyl acrylate (POA) performed best, lowering the pour point by 9°C. Remarkably, in the presence of asphaltenes, PPDs incorporating polar or aromatic comonomers outperformed POA significantly, with POS-3 achieving a 24°C pour point reduction. Microscopy and MD simulations revealed that polar/aromatic groups enhance PPD-asphaltene interaction, leading to the formation of composite particles that template the growth of larger, more spherical wax crystals, thereby effectively disrupting the three-dimensional network. This work establishes a clear structure-activity relationship and provides a molecular-level design principle for developing high-efficiency composite PPDs, contributing to the fundamental understanding and practical application of flow assurance strategies.
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Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials
·
2026
·Vol. 9
·期 1
·47
·
IF 21.8
Liu Junda,Du Chunyu,Li Zishan,Chai Chaochao,Sun Qi,Huo Bingchen,Chen Guangming
The increasing global electricity demand underscores the urgent need for clean energy solutions. Thermoelectric materials, capable of converting waste heat into electricity, present a promising avenue. However, their efficiency is often compromised by intermittent heat sources. To address this, we propose a radial thermo-actuated thermoelectric/phase-change system inspired by the energy-conserving mechanism of the sun starfish’s wrist foot. This design employs shape memory alloy to optimize heat source utilization. The device autonomously opens to sustain a temperature gradient during sufficient heat supply and closes to minimize heat dissipation when the source is inadequate. Notably, the closed-state delays the hot-end temperature drop by ~ 1700 s, significantly reducing energy loss. Further integration with a photothermal-enhanced phase change material yields an all-day self-powered thermoelectric system. Daytime operation achieves a maximum temperature difference of 28.64 °C and an output voltage of 14.89 mV, while nighttime performance maintains an average temperature difference of 6.21 °C, ensuring stable heat supply. Our work introduces a scalable strategy for sustainable power generation in outdoor environments.
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Frontiers in Immunology
·
2026
·
IF 5.9
Jiangjiang Fu,Gangchen Cheng,Zhongxi Lyu,Zezhi Fan,Feiyang Li,Zhifang Xu,Bo Chen,Yongming Guo,Yuhan Liu,Hui Zhang,Yuan Xu,Yi Guo
Introduction: The acupuncture acupoint is the critical initial site for the therapeutic efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA). Previous studies have confirmed that the NF-κB pathway within the acupoint region mediates the therapeutic effects of acupuncture. Therefore, this study focuses on an in-depth investigation of the MD2/TLR4/NF-κB axis. Methods: The mouse model of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) was established via intraplantar injection of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA). EA intervention was applied bilaterally to the Zusanli (ST36) acupoints, and behavioral, molecular, and immunological approaches were integrated to investigate the role of MD2 in EA-mediated analgesia. Results: EA increased paw thermal withdrawal thresholds (PTWTs) in AIA mice (P < 0.05), accompanied by higher levels of MD2, TLR4, p65, and the phosphorylated form of p65 (p-p65) at the acupoint. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) confirmed binding between MD2 and TLR4 in ST36 acupoint, while immunofluorescence (IF) revealed co-localization of TLR4 with fibroblasts and mast cells in ST36, suggesting these immune cells are critical targets for signal activation. Lentivirus-mediated knockdown of MD2 in the acupoint partially reversed EA’s analgesic effects and suppressed downstream TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation, whereas MD2 overexpression elicited a partial analgesic effect and promoted pathway activation. Together with spinal cord proteomics data, these findings indicate that modulating MD2 in the acupoint can regulate spinal cord-related signaling pathways. Mechanistically, EA dynamically regulates the equilibrium of the Grem1/BMP4/COX2 axis in the spinal dorsal horn via activation of the MD2/TLR4/NF-κB pathway cascade, achieving systemic analgesia. Conclusion: This study provides molecular evidence supporting the "acupoint priming" theory in acupuncture and highlights MD2 as a potential therapeutic target for pain management.
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Toxins
·
2026
·Vol. 18
·期 1
·39
·
IF 4
Yichao Li,Huarong Xiao,Jun Xie,Liping Liu,Fajun Jiang,Jingqiu Liao,Ermeng Yu
This study investigated the effects of chronic MC-LR exposure (0 μg/L [Control], 1 μg/L [M1], 3 μg/L [M3], 10 μg/L [M10], and 30 μg/L [M30]) on the muscle nutrient composition, meat quality, and muscle proteomic profile of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). In the high-dose group (M30), MC-LR exposure compromised the muscle antioxidant status of Nile tilapia, resulting in reduced meat quality, as evidenced by decreased pH value and water-holding capacity, elevated lipid/protein oxidation, and altered texture parameters (shear force and fragmentation index). Proteomic analysis further revealed a downregulation of proteins associated with ribosomes, suggesting an impairment of muscle protein synthesis in the M30 group. Moreover, despite chronic exposure, only low levels of MC-LR accumulated in the muscle tissue, indicating a negligible health risk to consumers. Collectively, these findings offered valuable insights into the impact of environmental MC-LR contamination on fish muscle quality and nutritional value.
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