Microbiome
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2025
·Vol. 13
·期 1
·1-23
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IF 12.7
Lin Chunxiu,Lin Yugui,Xiao Rui,Guo Min,Zhang Hao,Chen Wei,Wang Gang
Background Recent studies suggest a role of gut microbiota in the development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, with bifidobacteria showing promise in alleviating symptoms. However, uncertainties persist regarding gut bifidobacterial species composition and their effects on bilirubin metabolism. Therefore, the study investigated the association between the gut microbiota and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, assessing the potential and underlying mechanisms of Bifidobacterium in managing the condition. Results Compared to the high-risk group (requiring clinical intervention), low-risk neonates (designated as controls without therapeutic needed) demonstrated a higher abundance of breastfeeding-associated Bifidobacterium species, including Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis , B. bifidum , and B. breve . In an experimental neonatal hyperbilirubinemia rat model, these Bifidobacterium species’ protective effects were demonstrated by reducing serum bilirubin levels, maintaining growth and development, and improving neurobehavioral reflexes. These benefits are associated with improved liver and intestinal barrier functions and reduced enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin. Among the various treatment groups, B. longum subsp. infantis exhibited the most potent effect, followed by B. bifidum and B. breve . Intestinal metabolism analysis revealed that the levels of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were increased and negatively correlated with bilirubin levels. These findings were further confirmed in the neonatal cohort study. Direct supplementation of these metabolites into the colon of neonatal rats improved disease phenotypes. In addition, both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated the specific inhibitory effect of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on β-glucuronidase enzyme activity. Notably, both in vitro intestinal fermentation models and genomic analyses demonstrated that the three Bifidobacterium species cannot synthesize these unsaturated fatty acids due to the lack of related genes. However, data suggested that these species might promote the accumulation of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid by regulating the gut microbiota’s structure and function. Moreover, these species show species-specific genomic distribution patterns, which might influence the gut microbiota's α-linolenic and linoleic acid metabolism pathways, thereby affecting bilirubin levels. Conclusions The results indicate that Bifidobacterium species associated with breastfeeding can prevent neonatal hyperbilirubinemia by regulating the gut microbiota–α-linolenic and linoleic acid metabolism–enterohepatic circulation axis, increasing gut metabolites arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, and reducing the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin.
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ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
·
2025
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IF 9.7
Jiaqi Shi,Yan Li,Qi Wei,Xin Zhu,Shaohua Cao,Wenyi Xie,Yang Guo,Jing Wei,Zekai Li,Tao Long
The widely used rubber antioxidant N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its ozonated product, 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q), are highly toxic to aquatic life, yet understanding on their environmental behaviors is limited. This study comprehensively investigated their adsorption and transformation processes on natural Fe-Mn nodules (NFMN), which commonly exist in sediments and soils through a combination of diverse experimental and computational methods. The maximum adsorption capacity of 6PPD-Q (719.2 μg·g −1 ) is significantly higher than that of 6PPD (133.8 μg·g −1 ) at 293 K, and it is more difficult to desorb. They follow different kinetic and isothermal adsorption models, and environmental conditions (including temperature, pH, and anions) exert distinct influences on the adsorption of the two substances. Adsorption mechanisms involving electrostatic attraction, charge transfer, hydrogen bonding, and Lewis acid-base complexation were unveiled. For 6PPD, electrostatic adsorption and Lewis acid-base complexation contribute significantly to its adsorption. Conversely, for 6PPD-Q, the contribution of Lewis acid-base complexation outweighs that of hydrogen bonding, while the effect of electrostatic adsorption is relatively negligible. The stronger electrostatic attraction, more efficient charge transfer, and a greater number of binding sites for hydrogen bonding and Lewis acid-base complexation with NFMN results in more robust adsorption of 6PPD-Q. Furthermore, 6PPD can transform into 6PPD-Q on NFMN, facilitated by dissolved Mn(III). This study advances understanding of the adsorption behavior and mechanism of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q, and highlights a new pathway for 6PPD-Q formation, which provides valuable reference for assessing the water body exposure risks and formulating environmental remediation strategies for such pollutants. Environmental Implication This study offers the first comprehensive insight into the interactions between 6PPD/6PPD-Q and NFMN, illuminating their environmental behavior in water and soil systems. It reveals the adsorption discrepancy between 6PPD and 6PPD-Q, and elucidates the mechanisms underlying the difference in adsorption. Additionally, it uncovers a novel pathway for 6PPD-Q formation, offering valuable implications for risk assessment and environmental remediation strategies.
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Journal of Energy Chemistry
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2025
·
IF 14.9
Jinli Liu,Mo Zhang,Ling Tang,Simin Zhang,Jiayong Lu,Xu Yang,Yangming Lin
Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is an important chemical that can be sustainably produced through a two-electron pathway in the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the high cost and low reaction efficiency of catalysts currently limit the widespread application of this technology. Developing high-selectivity and scalable catalysts and accurately identifying the reaction active sites remain challenges. In this work, we have developed a promising nanodiamond (ND) catalyst to achieve high-selectivity H 2 O 2 production by oxygen reduction. Through surface carbon hybridization regulation to identify specific oxygen-containing functional groups combined with titration, model catalysis and DFT methods, it is found that the presence of carbonyl groups inducing the surrounding carbon atoms exhibit an optimal *OOH adsorption strength, thus promoting the two-electron pathway in ORR. Specifically, dynamic evolution processes of carbonyl groups and key adsorbed intermediate products including O 2 (ads), superoxide anion *O 2 − , and *OOH are monitored in situ spectroscopy. In the flow-cell device, ND catalyst realizes the high H 2 O 2 Faradaic efficiency around 92% with a rate activity up to 105 mol g C=O −1 h −1 , surpassing among reported non-metallic catalysts. The total H 2 O 2 yield reaches to 23.79 mM after a ten-hour test, which is 2.56 times higher than that of carbonyl-passivated ND, demonstrating its potential in scale-up application. Both titration and model catalytic processes proposed in this study further offer methods of designing efficient electrocatalysts for H 2 O 2 production.
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Catalysts
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2025
·Vol. 15
·期 5
·459
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IF 4
Dan Wang,Yanan Liu,Kun Wan,Danning Feng,Yan Pei,Minghua Qiao,Xiaoxin Zhang,Baoning Zong
The electrocatalytic reduction of O2via two-electron reaction (2e-ORR) to H2O2represents a promising alternative to the current anthraquinone process, since it is advantageous in the sustainable and decentralized production of H2O2. Herein, we report the development of oxygen and nitrogen-rich few-layered graphene-like materials (ms-dcda) by the one-step carbonization of biomass-sourced monosaccharides (D-glucose, D-fructose, D-galactose, D-ribose, D-xylose, L-arabinose, and D-mannose) with the aid of dicyandiamide for electrochemical O2reduction to H2O2. The ms-dcdamaterials were porous and possessed wrinkled morphology typical of graphene nanosheets. In H2O2production via 2e-ORR in an acidic electrolyte, these ms-dcdamaterials were all active and stable catalysts, among which glu-dcdaderived from D-glucose and dicyandiamide displayed the lowest onset potential of 0.553 V and the highest selectivity of up to 91.6%. The catalyst was also highly stable in chronoamperometric tests. Selective chemical titration of the C–OH and C=O groups revealed that the latter is far more active and selective than the former in 2e-ORR. Moreover, a positive correlation between the contents of C=O and pyrrolic N and the H2O2partial current suggests that the pyrrolic N group also contributes to 2e-ORR. This work affords a facile strategy for the sustainable fabrication of metal-free carbon-based catalysts efficient for H2O2electrosynthesis.
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Frontiers in Pharmacology
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2025
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IF 4.8
Yiming Wang,Xiang Meng,Xuting Song,Lulu Wang,Xianghe Meng,Xiaoya Du,Ziyoviddin Yusupov,Komiljon Tojibaev,Yunpeng Wang,Min He,Mengmeng Sun
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major global health challenge, significantly impacting public health and healthcare systems. Ethnopharmacological remedies and botanical medicines are widely used for the prevention and treatment of CVDs due to their multi-component, multi-target properties. Understanding the mechanisms of these natural products is essential for developing safe and effective therapies. The zebrafish model, an emerging tool in experimental pharmacology, has been increasingly used to evaluate the pharmacological activities of natural products. This review focuses the use of zebrafish models to test the prevention and treatment effects of various CVDs, and to investigate the inhibition of hyperlipidemia, thrombosis, the progress of heart failure, and the promotion of angiogenesis and toxicity. Emphasizing its experimental advantages-including the transparency characteristics of the body, its applicability to the analysis of multiple samples, and its support for real-time monitoring-aims to reveal its potential value in combining traditional cognition with contemporary pharmacological testing capabilities. The literature summary provides strong evidence for the cognitive improvement of the zebrafish system in clarifying the efficacy of natural ingredients in the cardiovascular field.
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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2025
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IF 6.7
Jingtao Huang,Ying Ying Nie,Yu Meng Yang,Xin Ying Long,Yongpeng He,Lei Zhan,Cheng Zhi Huang
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), one of nature’s most efficient enzymes, plays a crucial role in neural signal transduction and the restoration of tissue homeostasis with implications in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Conventional methods for detecting AChE mainly rely on its catalytic activity. Herein, we present an approach for AChE detection based on its chiral binding with photoluminescent carbon dots (CDs) with rich chiral cysteine residues (L/D-CDs), synthesized via a general hydrothermal route. Interestingly, L-CDs, despite being synthesized under the same conditions as D-CDs, exhibited a stronger specific binding affinity for AChE than D-CDs through electrostatic interactions, attributed to the amphiphilic nature of AChE, leading to enhanced photoluminescence near the isoelectric point of AChE at 6.50. The enhanced photoluminescence intensity of L-CDs showed a linear correlation with AChE concentrations over the range of 200–4500 mU/mL with a detection limit of 20 mU/mL. Meanwhile, by leveraging the selective recognition of AChE by L-CDs, we applied the probe to distinguish between liver cancer tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues. The results demonstrated that, due to the reduced AChE content in liver cancer tissues, the fluorescence intensity was significantly lower than that in adjacent nontumor tissues. Our findings highlight the potential of CDs rich in chiral residuals as optical probes for biosensing and imaging applications based on biomolecular recognition.
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Acta Biomaterialia
·
2025
·
IF 9.6
Dingfu Wang,Dan Li,Xiaolin Liu,Shixin Wang,Yile Fan,Ling Lu,Chuanbin Shen,Chunxia Li
Thrombolytic therapy for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is significantly limited by the short half-life, inadequate targeting specificity, and hemorrhagic complications of conventional therapeutic agents. To overcome these challenges, we developed a dual-functional nanogel (PGS-SP@UK) that integrates P-selectin-mediated thrombus targeting with ROS-responsive drug release. Taking advantage of the P-selectin targeting capability of polyguluronate sulfate (PGS), we synthesized the sulfated polysaccharide with selenocystamine and pinacol phenylboronate (PBAP) to construct an amphiphilic copolymer capable of encapsulating urokinase (UK). Notably, this nanogel exhibited H 2 O 2 -triggered UK release (85.79%) while maintaining great stability under physiological conditions. In vitro studies confirmed its neuroprotective effects through modulation of the ferroptosis signaling pathway in an OGD/R-induced model. In vivo studies revealed efficient blood-brain barrier penetration and thrombus-specific accumulation, achieving 84.3% recovery in cerebral infarct area through synergistic thrombolysis and oxidative stress mitigation. Our study presents an innovative drug delivery system with significant potential for clinical ischemic stroke treatment. Statement of Significance Conventional thrombolytic agents suffer from poor targeting specificity and severe bleeding complications, limiting their clinical efficacy in ischemic stroke treatment. We designed a dual-functional nanogel (PGS-SP@UK) that uniquely integrates P-selectin-mediated active targeting with ROS-responsive drug release mechanisms. This innovative design represents a system to combine polyguluronate sulfate-based thrombus recognition with oxidative stress-triggered urokinase liberation. Our nanogel achieves unprecedented selectivity through dual targeting: bioactive targeting via P-selectin binding and microenvironmental responsiveness to pathological ROS levels. In vivo validation demonstrated exceptional therapeutic outcomes with 84.3% cerebral infarct recovery while eliminating systemic hemorrhagic risks. This breakthrough establishes a new therapeutic paradigm that transcends current limitations through synergistic thrombolysis and neuroprotection, offering transformative potential for precision medicine in thrombotic disorders.
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MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
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2025
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IF 4.5
Hui Xiong,Jingxue Yan,Jun Zhang,Yuhang Jiang,Xiaoqin Chi,Hongyu Lin,Jinhao Gao
The severe occurrence and mortality of cancer and the gradually increasing failure rate of traditional chemotherapeutic agents call for the search for alternative strategies for cancer therapy. Herein, we report the development of a small-molecule prodrug TAO-CA by conjugating a trivalent organoarsenical (TAO) with a natural product cinnamaldehyde (CA) via an acetal linkage. This prodrug is able to be activated under the mildly acidic environment of the tumor to release the two parent drugs for simultaneously inhibiting the activity of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and reducing the cellular level of glutathione (GSH), resulting in intracellular redox dyshomeostasis and consequent cancer cell apoptosis for effective inhibition of tumor growth. The mechanism and efficacy of this prodrug have been validated by a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, demonstrating the promising potential of our strategy, the integration of the prodrug approach, and synergistic redox dyshomeostasis induction for effective cancer therapy.
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