PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY
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2020
·
IF 1.508
Jie Wang,Tengfei Zheng,Yong Gao,Dengwang Wang,Wei Cui,Jiakun Fan,Zhiming You,Jing Zhang,Xin Du,Zhaopeng Qiao,Xudong Wang,Sheng Wang,Zhanglian Xu,Chaohui Wang
Due to the inevitable harmful effects of radiation when conducting reactor repair, the robots made of rigid materials have been developed to replace human engineers. Anti-irradiation reinforcement of electronic components is a key issue for robots operating in a radioactive environment. A pneumatic-actuator soft robot was initially proposed for use in this study, due to the advantages of using fewer electronic components that require shielding from gamma rays . This paper presents a novel gamma ray radiation-resistant deformable material for the manufacture of soft robots. Here, the robot partially made of the silicone/W-based composites has the advantages of flexibility and gamma ray shielding property, which provide a novel solution for the collection of the radioactive objects and the detection of the radioactive environmental parameters, such as the temperature. The gamma ray attenuation and tensile elongation properties of the silicone/W and silicone/W/Bi 2 O 3 composites were evaluated, and the surface morphology and lattice structures of the samples with the best radiation attenuation were investigated and analysed. The gamma ray shielding was experimentally assessed by using a 60 Co radioisotope. The test results demonstrated that the gamma transmittance of the silicone/W-based composite reached 0.64452, which was a decrease of approximately 30.0% when compared to pure silicone.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
核工程
·
机器人学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2020
·
IF 8.758
Tiantian Dai,Gang Meng,Zanhong Deng,Ying Chen,Hongyu Liu,Liang Li,Shimao Wang,Junqing Chang,Pengcheng Xu,Xinxin Li,Xiaodong Fang
As one of the bottleneck parameters for practical applications of metal oxide semiconductor-based gas sensors, sensitivity enhancement has attracted significant attention in the past few decades. In this work, alternative to conventional strategies for designing sensitive surfaces via morphology/defect/heterojunction control (then operating at an optimized isothermal temperature with a maximal response), a facile enhancement approach by decoupling surface charge exchange and resistance reading process (possessing different temperature-dependent behaviors) through pulsed temperature modulation (PTM) is reported. Substantially magnifying electrical responses of a generic metal oxide (e.g., WO3) micro-electromechanical systems sensor toward diverse analyte molecules are demonstrated. Under the optimal PTM condition, the response toward 10 ppm NO2 can be boosted from (isothermal) 99.7 to 842.7, and the response toward 100 ppm acetone is increased from (isothermal) 2.7 to 425, which are comparable to or even better than most of the state-of-the-art WO3-based sensors. In comparison to conventional (isothermal) operation, PTM allows to sequentially manipulate the physisorption/chemisorption of analyte molecules, generation of surface reactive oxygen species, and sensor resistance reading and thus provides additional opportunities in boosting the electrical response of oxide sensors for advanced health and/or environment monitoring in future.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境监测
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMOSPHERE
·
2020
·
IF 5.778
Haopeng Luo,Xin Zhou,Xiaojie Guo,Zhiyong Fang,Quanyuan Chen,Juan Zhou
The greatest constraint in the advanced oxidation processes involved Fe(II)/PMS was the low utilization of Fe(II) and PMS. In the present study, the co-catalytic effect of WS 2 on the Fe(II)/PMS system for the degradation of organics was investigated. In the presence of WS 2 , Fe(III) was reduced to Fe(II) during the reaction and resulted in improved decomposition of PMS as well as the degradation of 4-chloriphenol (4-CP). The decomposition rate of PMS and degradation efficiency of 4-CP were 10% and 25% in the Fe(II)/PMS process, while the efficiencies respectively increased to 99% and 100% in the WS 2 assisted Fe(II)/PMS system. The degradation of 4-CP was completed via the free radical pathway and SO 4 • - played a more important role than other active species. Low concentration of inorganic ions such as Cl − and HCO 3 − exhibited irrelevant effect while humic acid showed significant suppression on the WS 2 /Fe(II)/PMS system. Additionally, characterization and recycle results implied that WS 2 maintained a good stability during the co-catalytic processes.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
·
2020
·
IF 8.208
Yanwei Hu,Lei Shi,Zhenduo Zhang,Yurong He,Jiaqi Zhu
The addition of external force provides an alternative way to promote the application of phase change materials in thermal-energy storage, space heating, and cooling systems. However, the experimental investigation using external magnetic force to regulate the phase change process is still limited. Here, magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were added to paraffin wax to form phase change nanocomposites with enhanced thermal properties and controllable magnetism. The thermal properties of nanocomposites were measured and the phase change processes under magnetic controlling were experimentally and numerically investigated. A two-dimensional enthalpy-based lattice Boltzmann model with considering the external magnetic force was proposed and the measured thermal properties were used in the simulation. Good agreement between the experiment and simulation was achieved. The effects of different mass fractions of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 wt%), magnetic directions, magnetic field intensities (0, 20, 40, 60 mT) on the phase change characteristics are discussed. The heat transfer efficiency in a square cavity filled with the nanocomposites developed more quickly when the paraffin wax was doped with a higher Fe 3 O 4 mass fraction. Moreover, the phase change characteristics were controlled by the intensity and direction of the magnetic field. This study presents a method to achieve magnetically regulating phase change heat transfer characteristics that have potential applications in the energy-storage industry.
研究领域:
能源存储
·
热传递
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2024
·
IF 5.3
Shuen Chen,Gengchang Lai,Xiaoyi Zhang,Xiaoxiao Feng,Liping Tong,Chenglong Peng,Xingchen He,Yang Li,Jiahong Wang
Phosphorus is an ideal anode material for high-rate lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity and moderate operating potential. However, phosphorus undergoes tremendous volume expansion and low electrical conductivity during lithium storage, affecting its actual lithium storage performance. The formation of P–C bonds is an effective strategy to inhibit the volume expansion and maintain stable electrical contact between phosphorus and the current collector. Herein, high strength metal nanoparticles, such as molybdenum nanoparticles, are introduced into the ball milling process to reinforce P–C bonding and enhance the lithium storage performance. As a result, the BP/Mo/CNTs anode provides a high-rate capacity of 984 mAh g–1 at 8.0 A g–1 and high capacity retention of 90.3% after 300 cycles at 0.5 A g–1. To demonstrate the universality of this method, BP/W/CNTs nanocomposites were prepared by tungsten-assisted ball milling. This facile strategy provides a practical approach for the formation of abundant covalent bonds to improve the electrochemical performance of composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2019
·
IF 7.65
Bo Sheng,Xin Zhou,Zhun Shi,Zhaohui Wang,Yaoguang Guo,Xiaoyi Lou,Jianshe Liu
The interaction of reductive metal ions and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) is necessary for the generation of sulfate radials (SO 4 − ), however, this process is greatly restrained by the sluggish reduction of high-valent metal ions. Here we report that commercially available reductive metal (Mo or W) powders are capable of unlocking this kinetic constraint. The reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II), decomposition of PMS, and degradation/mineralization of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) are all accelerated in the Mo/Fe 2+ /PMS process at a very low Fe 2+ /PMS ratio (Fe 2+ /PMS = 1/10). In such an accelerated system, common adverse effects of natural water constituents such as chloride and humic acid are largely mitigated. According to the fluorescence measurement and scavenging tests, sulfate and hydroxyl radicals dominate in Mo/Fe 2+ /PMS process. The addition of Mo or W is further confirmed to favor Cu 2+ /PMS process, but this is not the case for other metal ions (Mn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Ce 3+ and Co 2+ ). Reductive zero-valence and four-valence active sites (Mo 0 and Mo 4+ ; W 0 and W 4+ ) play key roles in overall redox reaction. Overall, our present work provides an alternative route for expediting redox cycling of transition metals in advanced oxidation processes, without useless consumption of PMS and increase of total organic carbon.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
·
2018
·
IF 2.606
Kejia Kang,Rong Tu,Guoqiang Luo,Jian Zhang,Jiawen Zhu,Qiang Shen,Lianmeng Zhang
In this research, the high-temperature mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of arc-melted W-based composites with a small amount of SiC additives were investigated. The high-temperature mechanical properties of tungsten were enhanced by the presence of the hard ceramic phase (W 5 Si 3 and W 2 C) and the interaction of dislocations. The ceramic phase also played a role in inhibiting the grain growth at high temperatures. The ultimate compressive strength (UCS) of the W with 1 wt% SiC (S1) was 968.9 MPa at 1273 K, which is three times that of pure W (291.9 MPa) at 1273 K, showing a significant enhancement in high-temperature strength . Both thermal conductivity ( κ ) and electrical conductivity ( σ ) decreased with the increasing of SiC addition. With increasing temperature, the σ decreased while the κ increased due to the intrinsic behavior of the ceramic phase in the composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
工程学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2021
·
IF 5.316
Zhilei Wei,Siyu Liu,Dangui Liu,Jinling Wu,Hongyan Xia,Bo Wang,Zhongqi Shi
Si 3 N 4 ceramics have shown promising application prospects as the sealing materials for liquid metal batteries (LMBs). However, the joining of Si 3 N 4 to the metal shell of LMBs is rather difficult because of the non-wetting property and mismatch of their thermal expansion coefficients (CTEs). Herein, to solve the above issue, W/Si 3 N 4 functionally graded materials (FGMs) were designed and fabricated via the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The effects of layer numbers and layer components on the phase composition, structure, and thermal stress of the FGMs were systematically investigated using both experimental and simulation methods. W/Si 3 N 4 FGMs, with optimal layer numbers, were then utilized for fabricating symmetrical W/Si 3 N 4 /W FGMs. The thermal stress of the products can be effectively reduced by adjusting the MgO content of the central Si 3 N 4 layer. As a result, the optimal product displayed good interface bonding between two adjacent layers and also exhibited high flexural strength (943.9 MPa) and electrical resistivity (2.0 × 10 12 Ω cm). This route for the fabrication of symmetrical W/Si 3 N 4 /W FGMs exhibits the advantage of high efficiency, and the products with excellent properties can be used as sealing materials for LMBs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2018
·
IF 3.779
Kejia Kang,Rong Tu,Guoqiang Luo,Jian Zhang,Jiawen Zhu,Qiang Shen,Lianmeng Zhang
In this study, Re alloying and self-generated hard phase enhancement were used to improve the strength and toughness of W. The arc-melting W-based composite with 10 wt% Re and 1 wt% SiC addition is composed of toughening W-Re matrix and ceramic particles (W 2 C and W 5 Si 3 ). This composite having high strain capacity (37.1%) at room temperature (more than 5 times of W), exhibits the excellent hardness (5.04 GPa), yield strength (0.92 GPa) and fracture strength (1.78 GPa) due to the synergetic mechanism, grain refinement, and good interfaces bonding state. The synergetic mechanism of Re and SiC addition on strength and toughness was proposed.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
力学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2019
·Vol. 7
·期 24
·14489-14495
·
IF 10.733
Jun Wan,Liang Huang,Jiabin Wu,Liukang Xiong,Xiang Gao,Zhimi Hu,Hongrun Jin,Guoqun Zhang,Jun Zhou
Transition metal carbides (TMCs) have attracted great interest due to their potential for application in energy conversion and electrocatalysis. However, their nanostructures are difficult to control, especially in the case of TMC nanodots since their growth process usually requires high carburization temperature which could cause easy agglomeration of small size nanoparticles. Here, we develop a microwave combustion method for rapid (∼2 min) synthesis of TMC nanodots with tunable size from ∼3 to ∼40 nm under ambient conditions. These TMC nanodots exhibit outstanding catalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with low onset overpotentials of 19 and 27 mV vs. RHE as well as small Tafel slopes of 39 and 45 mV dec−1 in H2SO4 and KOH, respectively. This work highlights a novel strategy for the design and synthesis of transition metal carbides.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CORROSION SCIENCE
·
2019
·
IF 6.355
Wei Liu,Jiao Di,Wuxing Zhang,Lihong Xue,Youwei Yan
The oxidation behavior of W-Si bulk composite was investigated to evaluate its performance on the simulating accidental environment in the future fusion reactor. Tungsten trisilicide is the main functional phase, which can form amorphous SiO y and polycrystalline WO 3 with nano-porous network during oxidation. This special structure can not only retard W volatilization, but also offer well self-adaption adjustment to different phases. In addition, cracks at the oxide scale/composite interface can be self-healed with the help of this structure. Protrusions are found on the surface of the oxidized W-32Si related with Fe impurity. The vapour-liquid-solid mechanism for the protrusions is proposed.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
核工程
·
复合材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
·
2019
·Vol. 21
·期 32
·17801-17810
·
IF 3.567
Qiushi Song,Zheng Zhang,Hongwei Xie,Huayi Yin,Zhiqiang Ning
The carbonization of transition metals in molten salts was performed to study the effect of electrochemical polarization and molten salt medium on the carbonization process. The carbonization of niobium (Nb) has been systemically investigated in Ar atmosphere and molten salts. The effect of particle size and structure of the starting materials, molten salt medium, and electric field on the formation of NbC was studied to reveal the dynamic barriers in the carbonization process. A native oxide layer and/or niobate derivatives generated on the Nb particles are the main barriers for the mass transfer of carbon and Nb towards each other. The results showed that molten salts can accelerate the formation of NbC by enhancing the diffusion of carbon, and the kinetic barrier can be effectively eliminated by supplying negative polarization to the cathode in molten salts to remove the oxide barriers, thereby enhancing carbonization. Besides Nb, tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), and tantalum (Ta) can also be carbonized in molten salts with the assistance of an applied electric field.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）