HYDROMETALLURGY
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2025
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IF 5.3
Yanfei Fan,Dandan Gao,Dongdong Li,Dewen Zeng
Alum is an important intermediate for the extraction and purification of Cs or Rb chemicals, due to its excellent separation ability for Cs, Rb and K. Although the solubility sequence K-alum > Rb-alum > Cs-alum has been well known, the separation factors among Cs, Rb and K during the formation of alum have not been determined. The formation of solid solution of alum controls the Cs or Rb content and Cs/Rb/K ratio in the sequentially precipitated Cs, Rb and K alums. In this study, the thermodynamic equilibrium separation factors were determined from the solid solution-aqueous solution equilibrium data of the two mixed alum systems: (i) RbAl(SO 4 ) 2 , CsAl(SO 4 ) 2 , and H 2 O, and (ii) KAl(SO 4 ) 2 , RbAl(SO 4 ) 2 and H 2 O. The separation factor β Cs/Rb varied from 48 to 2 with the increase of the Rb/Cs ratio in system (i), and β Rb/K varied from 22 to 0.2 with the increase of the K/Rb ratio in system (ii). This suggests that the purification of Cs or Rb using alums is more efficient from raw materials containing high Cs/Rb or Rb/K ratio than that from low Cs/Rb or Rb/K ratio. In kinetic studies, the apparent separation factors β Cs/Rb and β Rb/K were highly affected by the recrystallization process of cooling or non-cooling and the initial composition of raw alum, showing asymmetric kinetic intensification. The separation factors β Cs/Rb or β Rb/K obtained in the “dissolution by heating and crystallization by cooling (DHCC)” process for the raw alum with high initial Cs/Rb or Rb/K molar ratio is several times larger than the equilibrium value expected from thermodynamics. Finally, CsAl(SO 4 ) 2 and RbAl(SO 4 ) 2 with a metal-based purity of 99.97 % and 99.94 %, respectively, were obtained by using the DHCC process 3–4 times.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2024
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IF 13.3
Jianzhang Gao,Jiaqi Chen,Huitao Lv,Xingan Feng,Shitao Liao,Zhidong Wen,Yongde Yan,Yun Xue,Fuqiu Ma
Uranium is valuable metal, and it is of great significance to develop a simultaneous separation process of uranium and cesium from radioactive wastewater. Herein, a process was designed to separate sequentially uranium and cesium from wastewater. By comparing the limiting ability of OH − and CO 3 2− to Co 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Sr 2+ ions, it was found that CO 3 2− could effectively limit the above ions to the solid phase. The result of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and species analysis revealed that the restriction was achieved through complexation. Through this property, more than 99.9 % of cobalt and cadmium were limited in the solid phase, and U-Cs co-separation was realized. Furthermore, the results of cyclic voltammetry and XPS indicated that U(VI) could be reduced in the liquid phase, but Cs(I) could not, which was the basis for uranium and cesium separation. And more than 99.5 % of uranium was separated from cesium by the electrochemical separation process. Simultaneously, effective separation of uranium and cesium under different pHs has been achieved via selective uranium leaching using carbonate. The co-separation combined with electrochemical separation realized the recovery of pure uranium products, indicating a large potential for realizing uranium resources in wastewater.
研究领域:
环境科学
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核化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL PHYSICS
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2024
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IF 2
Xue Yang,Mengyu Lin,Jiumei Chu,Dianquan Dong
The unique properties of cesium compounds have garnered increasing attention, among which Cs 2 Ti 6 O 13 shows great potential for applications. This paper synthesized Cs 2 Ti 6 O 13 (CTO-3) using a template-assisted solvothermal method with cesium carbonate as the cesium source and tetrabutyl titanate as the titanium source. Among them, F127 and hexadecylamine are used as template agents to modulate the surface morphology and hydrophilicity of the precursor. The cesium ion sieve H 2 Ti 6 O 13 (HTO-3) synthesized after hydrochloric acid pickling has a large specific surface area and good hydrophilicity. This structure is conducive to the ion exchange between Cs + and H + , resulting in a fast adsorption rate. It is completed within 2 h, and the adsorption capacity reaches 360 mg/g, which is significantly greater than that of the traditional high-temperature solid-phase method. The adsorption process of Cs + on HTO-3 is more consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation model, and the adsorption process is chemical adsorption. HTO-3 exhibited good selectivity and cycle stability. At the fifth time of the adsorption-resolution cycle, the adsorption capacity was 87.1 % of the first time.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
DESALINATION
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2024
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IF 8.3
Guanhua Wang,Huibin Zhang,Weilun Qian,Anyang Tang,Huazhen Cao,Wenyu Feng,Guoqu Zheng
In this study, a spherogranular porous composite tin pyrophosphate antimonate (SSbPP) adsorbent was developed for the efficient extraction of rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs) resources. This granular composite adsorbent was prepared using the anti-solvent method with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as carrier and the incorporated SSbPP powder as adsorbent. The composition , molecular structure, and adsorption performance of SSbPP, along with the microstructure and adsorption behavior of the granulated PVC-SSbPP adsorbent, were comprehensively investigated. The results showed that the SSbPP adsorbent with superior performance was synthesized at a Sn:Sb:P molar ratio of 0.5:0.25:2. The adsorption behavior of PVC-SSbPP was evaluated using the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm. The maximal adsorption capacities of PVC-SSbPP for Rb + and Cs + were found to be 81.3 mg g −1 and 95.23 mg g −1 at optimal condition, respectively. The PVC-SSbPP also exhibited high adsorption selectivity for Rb + /Cs + in the presence of competitive metal ions such as K + , Na + , Li + , Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ . Furthermore, through dynamic adsorption-desorption experiment using a fixed-bed column, a low-concentration Rb + /Cs + solution (10 mg L −1 ) could be concentrated by approximately 140 times. This research offers a promising approach for the selective extraction of low-concentration Rb and Cs resources from highly saline solutions.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY
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2023
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IF 2.7
Wei Zhang,Hongwei Zhu,Zelin Gao,Gang Xu,Xiaotong Chen,Bing Liu,Yaping Tang
As one of potential treatments for irradiated graphite (i-graphite) waste, the oxidation method has been attracting more concern due to features of high treating efficiency and significant volume reduction. The release of fission products during oxidation is of great significance for further off-gas decontamination procedures. Focusing on the release behavior of volatile cesium (Cs), Cs-loaded graphite was prepared by impregnation in this work followed by definite distribution and chemical speciation analyzing. Results showed that the increasing temperature and humidity during the oxidation were evidenced to promote the release of Cs compounds, and the chemical speciation of released compounds was prominently dependent on oxidizing temperature. When the oxidation temperature was around 700 °C, Cs 2 O was predominately released with the morphology of spherical particles. When the oxidation temperature was increased to 900 °C, the predominant releasing composition turned to Cs 2 CO 3 with morphologies of both spherical particles and nanorod-like shapes. The different predominant releasing chemical compositions at different temperatures mainly resulted from the kinetics of graphite oxidization and temperature synergistically. These findings will provide theoretical foundations to the environmental evaluation of i-graphite thermal oxidation .
研究领域:
核科学与工程
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环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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2023
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IF 4.6
Ruixi Liu,Guangyuan Chen,Zeru Wang,Qian Zhao,LinZhen Wu,Qinlin Li,Rongten Tian,Xin Chen,Xiaoan Li,Zhengguo Chen,Lin Zhu,Jing Chen,Tao Duan
The capture of the radionuclides strontium and cesium is of great importance to the environment, human health, and the sustainable development of nuclear energy, and zirconium phosphate with excellent ion exchange capacity has potential application in this field. In this work, we organically granulated zirconium phosphate to induce the formation of composite bead materials (CA@ZrP) with a calcium-containing phase with selectivity for Sr2+ and Cs+ higher than that of pure ZrP in low-pH environments and competing ionic environments. The adsorption performance of the material was systematically investigated. It was concluded that the adsorption performance of CA@ZrP improved with an increase in temperature, and under the dynamic adsorption experimental conditions, the treatment capacity of CA@ZrP for Sr2+ and Cs+ reached 404.79 and 302.2 bed volumes, respectively. The systematic study and characterization showed that the generation of the calcium-containing phase [Ca0.55ZrH0.9(PO4)2] promoted the exchange of Ca2+ with Sr2+ and Cs+, thus improving the selectivity of the composite beads. The highly selective composite bead material can be prepared in batches and easily recycled, providing a new idea for practical engineering applications.
研究领域:
核化学与放射化学
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2023
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IF 8.6
Siyu Liu,Jianhua Zu,Gang Han,Xiaohan Pan,Yi Xue,Jingjie Diao,Qing Tang,Mingjie Jin
137 Cs is a radioactive pollutant in the production of wastewater from nuclear power plants. In this study, a rapid and simple in-situ synthesis new method was employed to prepare a novel AMP-functionalized UiO-66 composite material for the selective capture of 137 Cs from low-level radioactive wastewater. Characterization techniques such as SEM-EDS, FTIR, XRD, TG, and BET were used to confirm the successful loading of AMP on the surface of UiO-66. UiO-66/AMP showed a good removal effect in pH4-11. At pH7, the effects of different parameters, such as the initial Cs concentration, the ratio of the amount of adsorbent to the volume of solution, and the adsorption time were investigated. The adsorption efficiency is 96.7%, the maximum adsorption capacity is 94.9 mg/g and has fast adsorption kinetics (90% Cs + removal within 5 min). The adsorption data conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting a monolayer homogeneous adsorption process. XPS helps confirm that the adsorption mechanism is the ion exchange between Cs + and NH 4+ ions. Particularly, in the adsorption experiments of 137 Cs, UiO-66/AMP demonstrated good selectivity (K d Cs : 5.8 × 10 3 ∼ 1.26 × 10 4 mL/g) towards trace Cs + in a mixed ion solution with a molar ratio of 1 (Cs): 2.18 × 10 15 (Na): 4.6 × 10 14 (K): 2 × 10 14 (Mg): 2 × 10 14 (Ca), indicating its potential for selective capture of 137 Cs from low-level liquid waste (LLLW).
研究领域:
环境科学
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核化学与放射化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
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IF 5.1
Junping Shi,Lielin Wang,Hua Xie,Shidi Yao,Xiuqi Pu,Zhu Liu,Xiaojiang Chen,Yun Ding
Highly reactive fission product cesium may volatilize at high temperatures. PbO–B 2 O 3 –ZnO glass with low melting temperature and excellent chemical durability can be used as a potential matrix for immobilizing Cs. In this work, five PbO–B 2 O 3 –ZnO glasses with different contents of Pb were synthesized via a melt-quenching process. These specimens were characterized with XRD , Raman, DTA and viscosity measurements . The results showed that the melting temperature decreases, viscosity decreases and structural polymerization increases with increasing lead content. Cs-doped 35PbO–60B 2 O 3 –5ZnO glasses were synthesized at low temperatures. XRD results revealed the amorphous nature of the glass solidified bodies. EDS and ICP-MS studies confirmed that Cs is retained in the glass. Clear vitrified waste products containing up to 13.6 wt% Cs were obtained. The chemical durability of the samples was evaluated via PCT-A and MCC-1 method. For the glass solidified body comprising a Cs/matrix ratio of 0.136, the leaching rate of Cs was 1.6 × 10 −1 g m −2 d −1 from the PCT test, which indicates that it has a good chemical stability. 35PbO–60B 2 O 3 –5ZnO glass was expected to be a suitable matrix for Cs immobilization.
研究领域:
材料科学
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核废料管理
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DOI
高影响因子
Materials Today Chemistry
·
2021
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IF 8.301
Xiaoyong Huang,Shaoying Wang,Balaji Devakumar,Nan Ma
The development of new efficient and environmental-friendly inorganic phosphors is highly important for phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes and optoelectronic displays. In this paper, we report a novel and simple one-step solid-state reaction to synthesize lead-free cesium copper halide Cs 3 Cu 2 Br 5 powders with bright blue emission around 460 nm. The preparation process is performed at low calcination temperatures (290–320 °C) and requires no complex apparatus, reagents, or techniques, and thus it holds great potential for mass production of halide emitters. The Cs 3 Cu 2 Br 5 powder phosphors are characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, photoluminescence excitation and emission spectroscopy , CIE color coordinates, color purity, photoluminescence quantum yield, and temperature-dependent emission spectra . The effect of calcination temperature on the photoluminescence properties of the as-prepared Cs 3 Cu 2 Br 5 blue phosphors has been investigated and the air-stability property has also been discussed. Impressively, Cs 3 Cu 2 Br 5 blue phosphors show outstanding stability toward air exposure exceeding one month (30 days). Our work will open a new and simple approach to obtain excellent halide emitters for future solid-state lighting and displays.
研究领域:
材料科学
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光学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2025
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IF 8.5
Haiyan Zhou,Ying Dai,Di Zhang,Jesse Daniel,Xing Zhong,Zhuyao Li,Qinqin Tao,Lei Xu
A novel chitosan (CTS) - based composite material, CTS/B18C6/B21C7, has been developed through the Schiff base reaction, incorporating two distinct crown ether ligands - aldehyde-benzo-18-crown-6 (B18C6) and aldehyde-benzo-21-crown-7 (B21C7). This design enables efficient and selective adsorption of cesium and strontium. The material features two recognition sites of exclusive affinity, enhancing selective adsorption through the matching cavity sizes of the crown ethers with Sr 2+ and Cs + . The structure and surface properties were characterized using SEM, TG, FT-IR and XPS confirming the successful Schiff base reaction and effective material synthesis. Adsorption experiments revealed that CTS/B18C6/B21C7 exhibited strong affinity and high adsorption capacity for Sr 2+ and Cs + . Under strong acid conditions (pH < 1), the adsorption strength increased, and higher acidity further enhanced adsorption capacity, indicating that electrostatic and other interactions play significant roles in the adsorption process. The Sips isothermal model was more suitable for describing this adsorption process, with maximum adsorption capacities of 172.11 mg/g for Cs + and 132.23 mg/g for Sr 2+ determined. These findings highlight the potential application of CTS/B18C6/B21C7 in treating radioactive nuclides.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2024
·
IF 4.8
Xinyu Cheng,Dong Shi,Yuze Zhang,Xiaowu Peng,Shaolei Xie,Lijuan Li,Yong Niu,Yuxuan Wang,Fugen Song
Cesium is an important strategic resource, and solvent extraction is the most frequently used technology for its extraction from various minerals and brines. However, this common method faces operational and cost problems owing to large alkali consumption. A synergistic extraction system consisting of 4- tert -butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl) phenol (t-BAMBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) was designed and used to extract Cs + from an alkali-free solution. The effects of variables such as: (i) pH, (ii) concentration of t-BAMBP and D2EHPA, (iii) temperature, (iv) Cs + concentration, and (v) coexisting cations, on the Cs + extraction performance of the synergistic system were investigated. The most suitable organic phase composition was 1.0 mol/L t-BAMBP and 0.1 mol/L D2EHPA in kerosene, and the synergistic coefficient was up to 57 at 25 °C and an organic/aqueous phase volume ratio of 1/1. The extraction sequence of cations using the t-BAMBP–D2EHPA synergistic system followed the descending order Cs + > Rb + > Ca 2+ > K + > Li + > Mg 2+ > Na + . The chemical formula of the extracted species was determined as [CsA(HA)(ROH) 2 ] using the slope method. The Cs + extraction process is an exothermic reaction with an enthalpy ( ΔH o ) of −55.3 kJ mol −1 , confirmed by the thermodynamic study. After three-stage countercurrent extraction, the extraction efficiency of Cs + was 92.6%, demonstrating excellent selectivity from coexisting cations. The t-BAMBP–D2EHPA synergistic system showed outstanding economic and environmental advantages and a good application prospect to develop a conceptual process flowsheet for extraction with this system and stripping with HCl to separate cesium salt from salt-lake brine.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Science China-Chemistry
·
2024
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IF 10.4
Liu Yao,Chen Jinzheng,Miao Yiling,Zhang Kaimin,Lin Faxu,Huang Huahua,Zhang Lina,Yang Zhan,Zhang Yi,Chi Zhenguo,Yang Zhiyong
Despite great achievements obtained for polymer-based room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials, the limited efficiencies of persistent RTP still hinder their development. Herein, a simple and universal strategy of using the dual-functional additive of Cs + was presented, which could simultaneously enhance the efficiency ( Φ p ) and maintain the long lifetime ( τ p ) of RTP in existing polymer-based systems with various phosphors and polymers. Among them, the commercial emitter (TpB)-doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Cs 2 CO 3 system possessed an extremely high Φ p up to 75.5% and still maintained a long τ p of 2.13 s, by introducing the heavy-atom effect and an extra network of ionic bonding through the Cs + additive. Additionally, the temperature resistance of RTP in TpB@PVA/Cs + film could also be improved to 85 °C. More satisfactorily, the efficiency of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from RTP to near-infrared (NIR) was also remarkably enhanced in the multi-component systems. This work provides a simple and universal strategy for developing polymer systems with high RTP performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）