SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
·
2026
·
IF 5.9
Erzhuo Jiang,Hongtao Wang,Kailiang Fang,Zhuoming Xia,Chenyang Xiao,Xiaobin Feng,Bo Duan,Guodong Li,Pengcheng Zhai,Qingjie Zhang
Ag 2 Te is a promising thermoelectric material, owing to its complex crystal structure, high carrier mobility, and tunable mechanical properties. In this work, dense Ag nanotwins were in situ formed within the Ag 2 Te matrix via high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) sintering. These nanotwins enhanced the plasticity of the material, resulting in a fracture strain of 14.6 %, approximately 300 % higher than that of the twin-free Ag 2 Te-473 sample. The nanotwins also improved the thermoelectric performance by boosting the Seebeck coefficient and suppressing the lattice thermal conductivity. As a result, the Ag 2 Te-773 sample achieved a peak ZT of 0.78 at 570 K. These findings demonstrate that HPHT offers a viable route to co-optimize the mechanical and thermoelectric performance in brittle fast-ion semiconductors through microstructural design.
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 19
Tian Li,Jiani Du,Jiaxu Sun,Qian Liu,Xinru Li,Yang Ou,Qing Qi,Yanan Liu,Fanbin Meng
Next-generation wearable electronics and stealth technologies demand lightweight, flexible materials that integrate broadband electromagnetic absorption with thermal management. Conventional microwave absorbers often suffer from narrow bandwidth, high thickness, and composition-driven limitations. Here, we introduce a bioinspired free-space architecture engineering strategy that programs hierarchical pore–cavity configurations within graphene-based fibrous textiles. Guided by cavity resonance theory, hollow fibers and aerogel fibers are fabricated via multi-axis wet-spinning and directional drying, enabling precise impedance modulation and synergistic conduction–polarization losses. The optimized architectures deliver exceptional performance: RAHF-2 achieves an effective absorption bandwidth ( EAB ) of 8.6 GHz with the minimum reflection loss value ( RL min ) = −32.8 dB, while RMAF-5-E reaches RL min = −59.1 dB and EAB = 8.5 GHz, and RMAF-10-EA exhibits strong absorption (−42.0 dB) at an ultrathin thickness of 2.0 mm. Beyond electromagnetic protection, these textiles demonstrate rapid light-to-heat conversion (65°C in 60 s), offering multifunctionality for adaptive thermal regulation. This work establishes a structural design paradigm for next-generation metamaterial textiles, bridging electromagnetic stealth, wearable protection, and intelligent thermal management.
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APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 5
Yiwang Wang,Ting Gao,Jiajia Liu,Shaoheng Bao,Fuli Wang,Ge Yao,Xiaoyan Lin,Shijie Jiang,Jinlong Lai,Penggang Han,Jiang Hui
Nitrile fungicides and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly applied in agriculture, yet their synergistic toxicity to soil ecosystems remains unclear. This study investigated the individual and combined effects of AgNPs and three nitrile fungicides—azoxystrobin, flufenacet, and chlorothalonil—on soil microbial communities, metabolic activities, antibiotic resistance genes, metal resistance genes, and plant physiology. The results showed that the synergistic toxicity of AgNPs with the three nitrile fungicides induced oxidative stress in the maize to varying degrees. Nitrile fungicides alone increased sucrase activity, while AgNPs alone suppressed urease, sucrase, and acid phosphatase. Both treatments promoted dominance of Pseudomonadota , Bacteroidota , and Sphingopyxis . AgNPs specifically enriched Proteobacteria and Myxococcus , causing carbon/nitrogen utilization impediments partially mitigated by nitrile biodegradation. Synergistic exposure redirected nitrile catabolism from the benzoyl-CoA to catechol pathway. AgNPs alone upregulated silver resistance genes and activated antibiotic efflux pumps; synergistic exposure with fungicides suppressed Ag + efflux genes while exacerbating antibiotic efflux activation and weakening links between environmental factors (NH₄ + -N, NO₃ − -N, Ag + ) and resistance genes. These findings reveal the responses of plants and soil microorganisms to co-exposure of nitrile fungicides and AgNPs, and provide insights for assessing the ecological risks of combined application of nanomaterials and pesticides.
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Nano-Micro Letters
·
2026
·Vol. 18
·期 1
·211
·
IF 36.3
Tang Yanbang,Yuan Junyu,Zheng Rongzong,Jia Chunyang
Electrochromic smart windows (ESWs) can significantly reduce building energy consumption, but the high cost hinders large-scale production. The in situ growth of tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) films is only by a simple immersion process, the silver nanowires (AgNWs) undergo oxidation to Ag + ions through electron loss, and the liberated electrons provide driving force for the deposition of WO 4 2− . Enabled the fabrication of large-area WO 3 films and ESWs were fabricated under minimal laboratory conditions, demonstrating the economic feasibility, efficient and reliable nature of industrial production. Structural characterization and density functional theory calculations were combined to confirm that AgNWs effectively regulate oxygen vacancies of WO 3 films and promote the in situ growth process. The optimized WO 3 exhibits a maximum transmittance modulation of 90.8% and excellent cycling stability of 20,000 cycles. The large-scale WO 3 -based ESWs can save building energy up to 140.0 MJ m −2 compared to traditional windows in tropical regions, as verified by simulations more than 40 global cities. This research provides a new approach for improving the performance and industrial production of ESW, providing the full understanding and development direction to short the distance of the ESW commercial production.
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Nano Materials Science
·
2026
·
IF 17.9
Xiaowei Liu,Jitao Shang,Hao Chen,Yuyang Yin,Xiaoliang Zeng,Yingwei Li,Sheng Liu,Jian Lu
Artificial intelligence triggered device miniaturization and it requires materials to be processed easily and the associate fabrication techniques of much high precision, approaching atomic scale precision. However, thermal performances of materials at small scale are essential to the fabrication process. Although researchers have tried to apply sublimation of materials as potential atomic scale fabrication technique for device miniaturization, there exists limited controllability for possible applications. In this work, we studied the thermal performances of silver nanowires (Ag NWs) under in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and found two distinctive but inherently related phenomena. The Ag NWs evaporated discontinuously at nano scale and left with sharp edges of Ag (111) plane. With high resolution TEM imaging, the atomic Ag (111) planes sublimate layer by layer. Furthermore, the sublimation rate of atomic Ag (111) plane is analyzed for faithful controllability. Thus so, such atomic layer removal (ALR) process in silver achieved simply by heating has great potential to be used as efficient atomic manufacturing technique to promote device miniaturization to facilitate the blooming artificial intelligence.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
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2026
·
IF 2.6
Bian Meihua,He Yuyin,Deng Shanquan,Zhu Junwei,Peng Jianing
To overcome the inherent limitations of Ag–SnO 2 electrical contact materials, this study employed a combined strategy of In 2 O 3 doping and hot pressing sintering, establishing a direct interrelationship among material composition, microstructural evolution, electrical conductivity, and microstrain. Four Ag–SnO 2 –In 2 O 3 powder compositions were synthesized, and the effects of conventional sintering versus hot pressing sintering on microstructure and functional properties were systematically investigated. Results show that hot pressing sintering enables near-complete densification (99% relative density) and significantly improves hardness by 42.5% (57.3HV), primarily by suppressing interfacial porosity and refining microstructural uniformity. Optimal In 2 O 3 addition (4 wt%) not only facilitates homogeneous phase distribution but also minimizes bulk resistivity (2.52 × 10 −6 O·cm), leading to the highest electrical conductivity (3.98 × 10 5 S/cm). Rietveld refinement reveals a pronounced reduction in microstrain (0.01% for In 2 O 3 , 1.7% for SnO 2 ) in the best-performing samples, directly linking lattice relaxation and phase stability to enhanced electron mobility. This mechanistic insight provides a foundation for the rational design and optimization of advanced Ag-based electrical contact materials.
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Solar RRL
·
2026
·Vol. 10
·期 13
·e70364
·
IF 4.8
Yuwei Hu,Lidong Liang,Mai Mao,Tong Chen,Yitong Ji,Xiaotong Liu,Yiming Zhang,Weiqing Peng,Xueyuan Yang,Wenchao Huang
Ultrathin flexible organic solar cells (UF-OSCs) have attracted increasing attention for applications in wearable electronics and flexible display technologies, benefiting from their outstanding mechanical flexibility and high power-to-weight ratio. Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are widely used as transparent electrodes owing to their high conductivity, optical transmittance and flexibility. However, the high roughness of AgNWs on flexible substrates adversely affects device performance and the formation of embedded AgNWs through conventional hot pressing is not suitable for ultrathin flexible substrates. Here, a transfer strategy is developed to fabricate a PH1000/em-AgNWs/parylene ultrathin flexible electrode with a thickness of 1 μm, which achieves a transmittance of 89.1% and a sheet resistance ( R sh ) of 15.2 Ω/sq. UF-OSCs incorporating this electrode achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.7%. In addition, all solution-processed semitransparent ultrathin flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) are developed with AgNWs/PH1000 top electrode, exhibiting a PCE of 13.4% with an average visible transmittance exceeding 20%. By further optimization of the active-layer, a high light utilization efficiency of 4.1% is achieved in semitransparent ultrathin flexible OSCs. The ultrathin flexible devices also exhibit excellent mechanical durability, showing over 90% of PCE retention after 1,000 bending cycles at a bending radius of 1 mm.
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PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS
·
2026
·Vol. 263
·期 4
·e70212
·
IF 1.7
Huili Yin,Yanping Pan,Wenhao Fan,Qiang Zhang,Shaoping Chen,Jianfeng Fan
Owing to the unique crystal structure and eco-friendliness of the Zintl-phase Mg 3 Sb 2 compound, it has become a research hotspot in the field of thermoelectric materials. Particularly, the key lies in the optimization of its p-type thermoelectric properties. In this work, Ag doping was implemented in the ternary Mg 3 Sb 1.4 Bi 0.6 matrix, which realized the simultaneous improvement of both the electrical and thermal properties in such materials. At 723 K, the maximum power factor of the Mg 2.99 Ag 0.01 Sb 1.4 Bi 0.6 sample reached 6.8 µW cm −1 K −2 , which was approximately three times that of the undoped sample (~2.3 µW cm −1 K −2 at 723 K). In addition, Ag doping introduced extra lattice disorders and point defects, which enhanced the phonon scattering effect and thus led to a significant suppression of lattice thermal conductivity. Specifically, the Mg 2.96 Ag 0.04 Sb 1.4 Bi 0.6 sample achieved a low lattice thermal conductivity of ~0.47 W m −1 K −1 at 723 K. Ultimately, the peak zT value of the Mg 2.99 Ag 0.01 Sb 1.4 Bi 0.6 sample goes up to 0.68 at 723 K, which was three times higher than that of the undoped sample. This study provides an important reference for subsequent research on optimizing the thermoelectric performance of p-type Mg 3 Sb 2 -based materials.
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Small
·
2026
·
IF 11.8
Yichen Li,Xiang Li,Yiqian Wu,Fan Jiang,Qian Wang,Jing Peng,Jiuqiang Li,Maolin Zhai
Displays are critical information-output components for wearable electronics, making their flexibility and stretchability a significant research focus. Electrochromic hydrogels have garnered considerable attention for flexible display applications due to their high flexibility, stretchability, and biocompatibility. Significant challenges are realizing diverse pattern display with hydrogel-based devices, and their operation under stretching. In this work, a highly stretchable electrochromic hydrogel based on polyacrylamide/ethyl viologen was synthesized by γ-radiation method. Subsequently, a conductive, electrical stable, and stretchable asymmetric Ag/Ag nanowire polyurethane electrode was developed. By assembling them with designed circuits and driving programs, we successfully fabricated a 5 × 5 passive-matrix display and a four-digit seven-segment active-matrix display. These flexible and stretchable devices clearly display various patterns like numbers, and can switch content freely under program control. They could work reliably under bending and stretching deformations, demonstrating their potential as intuitive human-machine output interfaces for wearable electronics. This work significantly advances the pattern diversity and dynamic information showing ability of hydrogel-based electrochromic displays, presenting a promising design for dynamic information showing components in next-generation wearable devices.
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 19.9
Hao Liang,Hong Shen,Tianyuan Wang,Yuqi Wang,Yongsheng Zhu,Xinyu Wang,Wen Xie,Hanqi Xu,Haowei Guan,Donglei Zhou,Jie Zhang,Hongwei Song
Lead-free rare-earth-based halide perovskite have emerged as a promising candidate for near-infrared light-emitting diodes (NIR-LED), yet their development has been hindered by inefficient energy transfer and severe non-radiative losses. Here, we report a comprehensive optimization strategy for Cs 3 YbBr 6 :Er 3+ nanocrystals through Sb 3+ sensitization and niacin passivation, achieving record-breaking electroluminescence performance. Systematic investigations reveal that Yb 3+ serves as a critical energy transfer bridge, with optimal 5% Er 3+ doping yielding a PLQY of 20.34% at 1540 nm. The introduction of Sb 3+ as an efficient sensitizer captures free exciton and enhances energy transfer, boosting the 1540 nm PLQY to 36.6%. First-principles calculations demonstrate that Sb 3+ incorporation reduces the bandgap and promotes charge localization around [SbBr 6 ] 3− octahedra. Furthermore, niacin molecules selectively passivate undercoordinated Yb 3+ sites via carboxyl coordination, reducing film roughness, decreasing trap densities, and achieving balanced carrier mobilities. The resulting LED exhibits multi-wavelength emissions, peaking at 470 nm, 980 and 1540 nm, respectively. It demonstrates an external quantum efficiency of 9.96% and exceptional operational stability of 753 min (T 50 ), representing the highest efficiency reported for various rare-earth-based perovskite LEDs. A practical infrared imaging system is successfully demonstrated, highlighting the potential of this materials platform for next-generation optoelectronic applications.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2026
·Vol. 18
·期 35
·48244-48257
·
IF 7.8
Dai Zijun,Zhang Zhaoxin,Yu Kunqing,Kong Yuying,Guo Shujing,Pan Jingxuan,Yang Xuan,Jia Zheng,Zhu Shuze
A longstanding challenge in processing natural wood into high-performance structural materials lies in overcoming the inherent trade-off between strength and fracture strain, compromising its work-of-fracture (toughness). Here, we report a mechanical-confinement-reinforced strategy that can transform fast-growing, low-density balsa wood into an anisotropic, fully biobased laminated wood film (LWF). The resulting LWF achieves an extraordinary synergy of mechanical properties, exhibiting a tensile strength (∼560 MPa) rivaling that of steel alloys, a large fracture strain (∼11%), and a work-of-fracture (∼30 MJ·m −3 ) enhanced by 300-fold over its natural precursor. This strategy is generalizable across multiple wood species to consistently obtain fracture strain near 10%, yielding a maximum strength of 710 MPa and a work-of-fracture of 41 MJ·m −3 . The exceptional performance originates from a multiscale architecture featuring a cellulose-nanofiber (CNF)-reinforced core fused with dense CNF surface layers, which transforms the failure mode from brittle shear to ductile fracture via mechanical constraint. Concurrently, the LWF demonstrates excellent optical properties (∼87% transmittance, ∼80% haze), enabling anisotropic light modulation for antiglare applications. This work presents a generalizable design paradigm for creating sustainable, high-performance structural materials that transcend conventional property trade-offs.
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ChemistrySelect
·
2025
·Vol. 10
·期 41
·e04164
·
IF 2
Yanjun Li,Jingwen Shen,Ruina Bian
In this study, a novel composite sponge composed of konjac glucomannan (KGM) and silk fibroin (SF) was fabricated, with citric acid (CA) employed as a crosslinker and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) incorporated to enhance antimicrobial performance. Through CA-mediated crosslinking and freeze-drying, an interpenetrating porous structure was generated, leading to significant improvements in mechanical integrity and structural stability. Optimization of the ratios of KGM, SF, and CA resulted in strengthened intermolecular interactions, which contributed to superior water absorption, retention capacity, rheological behavior, and antibacterial activity. The incorporation of Ag NPs endowed the composite with strong bacteriostatic properties, while in vitro cytocompatibility assays confirmed favorable biocompatibility. Moreover, in vivo wound healing and ex vivo hemostasis studies in animal models demonstrated enhanced tissue regeneration and effective hemostatic capability. In conclusion, these results indicate that the KGM/SF/Ag NPs composite sponge possesses considerable potential as a multifunctional wound dressing for clinical application. Graphical In this study, a novel composite sponge composed of konjac glucomannan (KGM) and sericin (SF) was utilized, with citric acid (CA) serving as the crosslinking agent. Its excellent properties were demonstrated through characterization methods including UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, and SEM. Notably, the incorporation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) significantly enhanced the antimicrobial properties. The prepared sponge also demonstrated the ability to promote wound healing and angiogenesis.
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