Electro-migration (EM) treatment with injection of corrosion inhibitors is regarded as an efficient method to rehabilitate decayed reinforce concrete architectures and structures. In order to explore the advantages of different electrolytes used in this method, three reported nitrogenous electro-migrating inhibitors: guanidine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) were selected and their effectiveness on reinforced cement mortar durability were compared. APS and HMDA can more efficiently prevent the external aggressive factors (water, chloride and carbonation) rather than guanidine, while guanidine shows advantage in recovering the mortar alkalinity after EM treatment. To select the appropriate electro-migrating corrosion inhibitors, not only the inhibitive effect, but also their effectiveness on removing chloride and re-alkalization and enhancing the resistance to external aggressive factors should be taken into account.
Pengyun Xu,Xiaoqing Zhang,Shupeng Wang,Guijie Liu,Thomas W. Coyle,Javad Mostaghimi,Xianfa Li,Mingli Lv
In this work, dual-scale superhydrophobic Al 2 O 3 –13%TiO 2 coatings were deposited rapidly via the combination of atmospheric plasma spray (APS) process and suspension plasma spray (SPS) process. A wire mesh shielding method was employed in the APS process, which resulted in the formation of micron-sized conical bump surface structures with uniform morphologies. The SPS process was then applied to deposit submicron-sized particles on the conical bump-structured coatings, forming dual-scale surface structures. The effects of the mesh and its size on the formation of different surface structures were investigated. The dual-scale coatings deposited via the APS+SPS processes and mono-scale coatings deposited via the APS process were comparatively investigated via characterizations of the microstructures, element distribution, surface topographies, and wetting behaviors. The dual-scale coatings showed superhydrophobic behaviors with the largest water contact angles of ∼154° and smallest roll-off angles of ∼7° and complete droplet rebounding performance after chemical modification, while the mono-scale coatings showed high adhesion to water. The correlations between the wetting behaviors and morphological characteristics of the surface structures were elaborated by establishing a mathematical model.
With the increasing number of oncology patients and the use of chemotherapeutic agents, tumour multidrug resistance is becoming more and more prevalent. The search for new tumour treatment strategies to overcome tumour multidrug resistance is urgent. In this study, we designed GSH and ROS dual-responsive tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs)-targeted nanoparticles (NPs) for the co-delivery of the clinical first-line anti-breast cancer chemotherapy drug paclitaxel (PTX) and baicalin (Bai), which re-educates TAMs to alter their phenotype. We synthesised oligohyaluronic acid-mannose-folic acid (oHA-Man-FA, HMF) and astragalus polysaccharide-dithiodipropionic acid-paeoniflorol (APS-S-Pae, ASP), two hybrid materials that can self-assemble in water to form hybrid nanoparticles (HP-NPs) co-loaded with paclitaxel and baicalin (HP-NPs@PTX/Bai). The experimental results show that our designed hybrid nanoparticles can be specifically released in the tumour microenvironment and deliver the antitumor drug PTX as well as Bai, which reshapes the phenotype of TAMs, to the tumour site. The hybrid nanoparticles not only effectively re-educated TAMs from M2 TAM to M1 TAM, but also ameliorated the cytotoxic side effects caused by free PTX and provided better tumour suppression than free PTX and HP.
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