VACUUM
·
2019
·
IF 2.515
Yanjun Yin,Xueming Li
This study focus on the combustion performance and energy released of self-propagating Al/CuO nanothermite with nanorod structure comprehensively. CuO nanorods with lengths of 50 nm–100 nm were synthesized in large scale by template-free hydrothermal method . Al/CuO nanothermite coatings were further built successfully by co-deposition of the as-prepared CuO nanorods and nano-Al via electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Additionally, the EPD kinetic behavior of CuO nanorods and Al/CuO composites is investigated comprehensively. The optimum deposition time is 15 min and the composites is much homogenous when equivalence ratio (Ф) of Al and CuO is 0.75. Furthermore, the onset temperature is down to 315 °C and the energy release is approximately 3043 J/g along with rapid and violent combustion performance in the thermite reaction of Al/CuO nanorods. It is speculated that the excellent properties of the Al/CuO nanothermite could be ascribed to the uniform distributing and intimate interfacial contact between nano-Al and CuO nanorods.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2023
·
IF 5.9
Yuxiang Li,Iftikhar Hussain,Xi Chen,Lei Zhang,Ruishan Han,Xiaoxia Ma,Kaili Zhang
Nanothermites have high energy densities and fast reaction speeds, but their applications are restrained by their relatively low gas generation capacity owing to the lack of gaseous products. By contrast, nitrogen-rich explosives can release substantial small-molecule gases upon intramolecular decomposition. Recently, the integration of nanothermites with nitrogen-rich explosives has attracted growing interest to attain improved reactive performances. In this work, hybrid energetic composites composed of Al/CuO nanothermites and tetraamminecopper perchlorate (TACP) were prepared. The reaction behaviors of pure TACP and a series of Al/CuO/TACP composites were systematically investigated. During the dynamic heating in thermogravimetry coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), the total heat release of Al/CuO/TACP composites was basically the linear combination of Al/CuO (2.23 kJ/g) and TACP (1.44 kJ/g) based on their mass contents. However, the addition of n-Al and n-CuO could lower the decomposition temperature of TACP by 20 °C, and the chlorides produced from TACP decomposition were found to promote the oxidation of n-Al. Compared with sole Al/CuO and sole TACP, the hybrid composites with TACP content of 10–25% showed considerably strengthened blast performances and significantly enhanced gas generation capacities. The maximum pressure and pressurization rate of Al/CuO/TACP_25% (1.67 MPa, 199.3 MPa/s) far exceed those of Al/CuO (1.01 MPa, 93.3 MPa/s). Owing to their superior reactivity, Al/CuO/TACP hybrid composites show promising potential as high-performance energetic materials for applications, including green primary explosives and gas generators.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Energy Sources Part A-Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects
·
2020
·
IF 1.184
Fan Li,Baozhong Zhu,Yunlan Sun,Wei Shi
In this work, the energetic Al/CuO nano-thermite is chosen as a promising additive to improve the reaction characteristic of μAl powder in heated steam at 600–900°C. The ignition temperature, ignition delay time, and combustion efficiency were experimentally measured. After all the reaction products were collected, the surface morphologies and phase compositions were analyzed using a scanning electron microscopy and an X-ray diffraction. Results show that the addition of Al/CuO nano-thermite to μAl powder, the corresponding ignition temperature, and ignition delay time drop considerably. Meanwhile, they also emerge a significant decreasing trend as the furnace temperature increases. At 900°C, the μAl-12 wt%Al/CuO sample exhibits the lowest ignition temperature of approximately 100°C and the shortest delay time of 9.4 s. In addition, the combustion efficiencies of μAl powder without addition of Al/CuO are quite low at 700°C and 800°C, less than 10%, while adding various contents of Al/CuO nano-thermite significantly increase its efficiency. However, at 900°C, the combustion efficiency of μAl-Al/CuO sample is lower than that of μAl powder without the addition of Al/CuO. Combustion product analysis suggests that the formation of CuAl2 layer on the μAl particle surface blocks the interaction of the fresh Al and surrounding water molecules. The relationship between the above parameters associated with reaction characteristics and the product characterization was discussed to reveal the complicated combustion mechanism of μAl-Al/CuO powder in steam.
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DOI
高影响因子
Nanomaterials
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 12
·1837
·
IF 5.3
Miaomiao Jin,Zhanxin Song,Wei Liu,Guozhen Wang,Mo Xian
Biological approaches for the synthesis of a hybrid explosive–nanothermite energetic composite have attracted greater scientific attention because of their advantages, including their moderate reactions and the absence of secondary pollution. In this study, a simple technique was developed to fabricate a hybrid explosive–nanothermite energetic composite based on a peptide and a mussel-inspired surface modification. Polydopamine (PDA) was easily imprinted onto the HMX, where it maintained its reactivity and was capable of reacting with a specific peptide used to introduce Al and CuO NPs to the surface of the HMX via specific recognition. The hybrid explosive–nanothermite energetic composites were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), and a fluorescence microscope. A thermal analysis was utilized to investigate the energy-release properties of the materials. The[email protected]@CuO, which benefitted from an enhanced interfacial contact in comparison with the physically mixed sample (HMX-Al-CuO), demonstrated a 41% lower HMX activation energy.Keywords:biological self-assembly;polydopamine;peptide;green preparation;activation energy
研究领域:
材料科学
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纳米技术
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爆炸工程
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表面化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2022
·
IF 8.035
Xiang Lv,Yi Gao,Yueshuai Cui,Chen Wang,Gangchui Zhang,Fang Wang,Peijin Liu,Wen Ao
The ignition and combustion properties of n -Al/CuO/kerosene nanofluid fuels are examined, with a focus on the formulation effects of the n -Al/CuO nano-thermite. The DSC data shows the addition of CuO facilitates the exothermic process of n -Al particles, which then promote the n -Al/CuO/kerosene droplets to evaporate. There are two exothermic peaks on the DSC curve of n -Al/CuO (5 %) at 249.3 ℃ and 463.8 ℃, respectively. The burning of n -Al/CuO/kerosene droplets consists of four stages: ignition, d 2 -law combustion, vapor flame extinguishment, and agglomerate burning. During the agglomerate burning stage, n -Al/CuO (5 %)/kerosene shows the minimum ignition delay at 0.057 s and the highest emission spectral intensity. Droplet combustion conforms well to the d 2 -law, and the maximum combustion rate is found for n -Al/CuO (20 %)/kerosene, at 1.287 mm 2 s −1 . The particle size of combustion residues is uniform, and the overall appearance smoothens as the CuO content increases. A new nanofluid fuel with better ignition and combustion properties than traditional nanofluid fuels is proposed.
研究领域:
能源科学
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材料科学
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燃烧学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
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2021
·
IF 4.094
Lin Zhong,Xu Zhou,Xinying Huang,Dawei Zheng,Yaofeng Mao,Ruihao Wang,Dunju Wang
In recent decades, the preparation of various metastable intermolecular composites (MICs) has been widely reported in pursuit of excellent reactivity and safety. However, there is still relatively little research on structural energetic materials (EMs) through 3D printing of MICs inks. In this work, the hollow filaments with different MICs formulas were prepared by 3D printing using a core-shell nozzle. The morphology, thermal decomposition and gas-generation performance of the filaments were characterized, and the different combustion stages of the filaments were analyzed. The results show that the hollow filaments exhibit shorter unsteady combustion time and significantly increased steady flame propagation rate compared with solid filaments. For the hollow filaments of Al/CuO/F2311 formula (15 wt % of F2311), the unsteady combustion time is as low as 0.65 ms, and the steady flame propagation rate reaches 206.936 g/s. Thermal analysis and constant-volume combustion tests show that Al/CuO/F2311 formula provides the lowest thermal decomposition onset temperature (288 °C) and the best gas-generation performance (peak pressure: 0.191 MPa, pressurization rate: 12.337 MPa/s) compared with other composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2025
·Vol. 17
·期 14
·1994
·
IF 4.9
Xuyang Wu,Hongbao Wang,Chenglong Jiao,Benbo Zhao,Shixiong Sun,Yunjun Luo
Al-based nanocomposite energetic materials have broad application prospects in explosives and propellants, owing to their excellent energy release efficiency. However, their insufficient reliability, poor stability, and difficulty of formation limit their practical application. This study employed self-assembly using a hydrophilic polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) together with nano-aluminum powder (Al), copper oxide (CuO), and ammonium perchlorate (AP) to obtain high-strength and high-activity composite micrometer-sized microspheres. The influence of PVP concentration on the mechanical behavior of Al/AP composite microspheres was systematically investigated, and Al was replaced with ultrasonically dispersed Al/CuO to explore the mechanism of action of PVP in the system and the catalytic behavior of CuO. PVP significantly enhanced the interfacial bonding strength. The Al/AP/5%PVP microspheres achieved a strength of 8.4 MPa under 40% compressive strain, representing a 365% increase relative to Al/AP. The Al/CuO/AP/5%PVP microspheres achieved a strength of 10.2 MPa, representing a 309% increase relative to Al/CuO. The mechanical properties of the composite microspheres were improved by more than threefold, and their thermal reactivities were also higher. This study provides a new method for the controlled preparation of high-strength, high-activity, micrometer-sized energetic microspheres. These materials are expected to be applied in composite solid propellants to enhance their combustion efficiency.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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能源材料
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燃烧技术
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推进剂化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 6.3
Chong Wan,Yushu Xiong,Honghong Qin,Zhao Qin,Suhang Chen,Kangzhen Xu
Nanothermites are presenting competitive advantage potential in military and civilian applications, but high electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitivity severely hinders their preparation, storage and usage. Aiming to improve the safety and combustion properties of energetic materials (EMs), the two-dimensional semiconductor materials graphite carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 also abbreviated as CN) was inserted into the Al/CuO mixture via the one-step sol-freeze-drying method. The successful preparation of samples was confirmed by morphological and chemical bond characterization. Then DFT calculation and BET tests prove that more active sites exist in reaction interface, and the adsorption between Al atoms and CuO unit cells are easier due to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and g-C 3 N 4 functioning, thereby improving the combustion of Al/CuO and ESD safety. The Al/CuO/CN nanocomposite with 2.5 wt% CN has an ESD ignition threshold of 3.2 mJ and realizes maximal reaction energy and constant volume heat of combustion ( Q v ) of 1400.4 J·g −1 and 5896 J·g −1 , respectively. As the CN content grows to 10.0 wt%, the ESD ignition threshold keeps decreasing to 8.45 mJ. Additionally, PVP and CN show superior advantages in regulating the combustion of Al/CuO, and the possible effect mechanism is investigated. This work will provide a fresh strategy for extending applications of nanothermites.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACTA MATERIALIA
·
2020
·
IF 7.656
Xudong Rong,Dongdong Zhao,Chunnian He,Chunsheng Shi,Enzuo Liu,Naiqin Zhao
Due to native deficiency of the interfacial mismatch between Al 2 O 3 and Al-melt, as well as micron-Al 2 O 3 segregation at matrix grain boundaries (GBs), achieving both high strength and fracture toughness has been the long-lasting challenge for Al-CuO composite fabricated by conventional casting. Herein, we report a novel manufacturing of Al-CuO composite via shift-speed ball-milling (SSBM) of Al-5 wt.% CuO powders and afterwards subjected to hot-pressing (HP) as well as heat treatment. Comprehensive characterization shows that in-situ generation of the two types of Al 2 O 3 with intragranular distribution, including δ*-Al 2 O 3 particles (~200 nm) and γ-Al 2 O 3 whiskers (length of ~150 nm, thickness of ~20 nm), was governed by a diffusion-assisted nucleation-regime ascribing to the intense thermal effect of Al-CuO reaction. The size and spatial distribution of Al 2 O 3 were emphasized to address their contribution to the high mechanical performance of the composite, which exhibits a tensile strength of ~481 MPa and fracture elongation of ~16.8 %. Meanwhile, the toughening mechanism of present Al-CuO composite was rationalized on basis of the "dislocation punched zone" and "plastic zone" affected by Al 2 O 3 . Both the theoretical analysis and fracture morphology support a reinforcements-matrix interface failure mechanism and the non-uniform distribution of Al 2 O 3 consisting alternant "rich/poor zones" can markedly contribute to the high toughness. The present findings may provide a promising strategy to achieve an intragranular distribution of nano-sized reinforcements in Al-metal oxides composites, which enables increasing strength and ductility of the metal matrix.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
力学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Yuxuan Zhou,Keer Ouyang,Yongqi Da,Lingyan Shen,Zhengwu Dong,Zhuotao Song,Jingjie Wang,Xiaoxue Tan,Xiaohong Jiang,Xuran Xu,A.V. Rogachev,D.G. Piliptsou,A.A. Rogachev,M.A. Yarmolenko,Jianbing Xu,Yinghua Ye,Ruiqi Shen
Energetic interfacial films represent a promising encapsulation material for micro- thruster arrays in near-Earth orbit, where their combustion performance under low- pressure or vacuum conditions is critical for practical application. Herein, a uniformly dispersed layered energetic composite film suitable for scalable array encapsulation has been designed via electrospinning technology. The ternary composite energetic film consists of interwoven polyvinylidene fluoride/aluminum/copper oxide (PVDF/Al/CuO) nanofibers. Morphological analysis confirms the effective loading of nanoparticles (Al and CuO) onto the fibers. Energetic films fabricated by this method significantly suppress particle agglomeration. Thermal analysis reveals atmosphere-dependent exothermic pathways. Constant-volume combustion experiments demonstrate that energy release is modulated by film thickness. The evolution of the film ablation flow field has been investigated. Crucially, transient resistance thermometry has for the first time reported the phenomenon of increasing ignition temperature of energetic materials with decreasing pressure under low-pressure conditions. At 1 kPa, the ignition temperature is significantly elevated compared to that at atmospheric pressure. Propagation velocity characterization uncovered a counterintuitive phenomenon: below 10 kPa, 610 μm-thick films exhibit a 42% lower propagation velocity than 270 μm-thick films, a phenomenon termed the thickness-compensation failure effect. An asymmetric heat transfer-dissipation theory is proposed to explain this inversion through geometric thermal management. This work provides crucial experimental evidence and a theoretical foundation for guiding the design of energetic films for vacuum-operating micro-thruster array encapsulation.
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Nature Communications
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·1-12
·
IF 15.7
Tian Momang,Meng Ke-Juan,Xiong Kunyu,Hussain Iftikhar,Ma Xinwen,Zhang Kaili
Nanothermite has gained significant attention for its exceptional energy release rate and reactivity, making it a promising material for energetic applications. However, nanoparticle agglomeration significantly hinders its energy release efficiency. To overcome this challenge, we developed an innovative bottom-up strategy and a straightforward preparation method to construct a hierarchical Al/CuO/V 2 C nanocomposite. This is achieved through the ordered self-assembly of Al and CuO nanoparticles in an ethanol suspension, using V 2 C MXene as a template. Our findings show that the Al/CuO/V 2 C nanocomposite exhibits distinct morphologies based on V 2 C concentration: nanosheets at lower concentrations and microspheres at higher concentrations. CuO and Al nanoparticles form the first and second layers outside the V 2 C, respectively, due to the interplay between electrostatic forces and covalent Cu-O-V bonds. This unique structure, along with high reactivity of V 2 C, enables complete Al oxidation, achieving a heat release of 3156.2 J g -1 with a 10 wt% V 2 C addition—seven times greater than the Al/CuO control group. The concentration-dependent structure allows for tunable energetic performance, from a rapid 3-ms deflagration to a prolonged 16-ms combustion. Reduced gas release enhances safety, paving the way for applications in microinitiators and advancing nanothermite technology.
研究领域:
纳米材料
·
高能材料
·
自组装
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燃烧技术
·
微型点火器
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CELLULOSE
·
2021
·Vol. 28
·期 13
·8671-8691
·
IF 5.044
Zhao Ningning,Ma Haixia,Yao Ergang,Yu Zhong,An Ting,Zhao Fengqi,Yu Xiaojiao
Al/CuO nanothermites have displayed unique catalytic activities in accelerating the thermolysis of nitrocellulose (NC) and combustion characteristics of AP/HTPB propellant depending on the morphology of CuO. The kinetic triplet of NC-based composites was determined by multi- isoconversional methods, whereas the reaction models were reconstructed by employing a modified Šesták–Berggren equation based on the combined kinetic analysis. DSC and TG-FTIR results revealed that CuO and Al/CuO play crucial roles in accelerating the dissociation of –O–NO 2 bond and the coacervate phase to change the pyrolysis mechanism of NC from an autocatalytic reaction to a modified n -th order reaction model. It was also demonstrated that nanothermites were provided with a low starting temperature of pyrolysis, reduced exothermic peak temperature, low activation energy, and high total weight loss, confirming their better catalytic activity than their corresponding CuO, of which Al/CuO nanothermite, containing the gypsophila paniculata-like CuO, performs the best. Further, the shape of CuO was found to be significant in enhancing the burning rate of AP/HTPB propellant containing thermites, with the gypsophila paniculata-like presenting the best catalytic effect (43% improvement). Hence, introducing well-defined nanostructures is a promising way to improve the pyrolysis and combustion of energetic materials.
研究领域:
含能材料
·
推进剂化学
·
纳米催化
·
热分析
·
燃烧科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）