POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 6.751
Hui Kong,Xincheng Fu,Xia Chang,Zemin Ding,Yang Yu,Haishan Xu,Rongrong Wang,Yang Shan,Shenghua Ding
Alternaria alternata is the principal pathogenic fungus causing postharvest black spot disease of Korla pear, leading to enormous economic losses. This study aimed to explore the antifungal activity of ferulic acid (FA) and its two simple esterified derivatives, methyl ferulate (MF) and ethyl ferulate (EF), against A. alternata in vitro and in vivo , and to reveal the underlying inhibitory mechanisms. The results showed that MF and EF exhibited stronger inhibitory effects than FA on mycelial growth, spore germination and germ tube elongation of A. alternata in vitro , and on reducing the development of black spot disease in Korla pear fruit. Scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the surface morphology of A. alternata hyphae treated with FA, MF, and EF presented irreversible deformation, and transmission electron microscopy observation further demonstrated that MF and EF caused more serious damage to the cell membranes, cytoplasm, and organelles of A. alternata than FA, which impeded the normal growth of A. alternata . Notably, EF was slightly better than MF in inhibiting spore germination and damaging cell ultrastructure of A. alternata . In addition, propidium iodide staining suggested that FA, MF, and EF treatments damaged the plasma membrane integrity of A. alternata spores. At the same conditions, MF and EF treatments induced more leakage of intercellular electrolytes, nucleic acids and proteins of A. alternata than FA, indicating the increase of cell membrane permeability . Taken together, all these results evidenced that MF and EF exerted stronger antifungal activity than FA against A. alternata in vitro and in vivo through membrane damage mechanism, therefore they can be used as promising green substitutes to control postharvest black spot disease on Korla pear fruit.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
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2013
·Vol. 94
·期 7
·1403-1408
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IF 1.759
Shixiang Xu,Fujie Yan,Zhendan Ni,Qianru Chen,Hui Zhang,Xiaodong Zheng
BACKGROUND Many essential oils were reported to be used as natural, environmental friendly antimicrobial agents. The antifungal activity in vitro and in vivo of an essential oil extracted from Chinese local Laurus nobilis leaves against Alternaria alternata has been studied . RESULT The main components of the essential oil were investigated by means of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and 14 components were identified. The main ones were eugenol, caryophyllene and cinnamaldehyde. The antifungal test showed that at 800 µg mL −1 of L. nobilis oil completely inhibited the growth of A. alternata . In addition, the conidial germination of the pathogen was significantly inhibited at 200 µg mL −1 , and the weight of mycelia efficiently decreased at 500 µg mL −1 . The in vivo assay indicated that 500 µg mL −1 L. nobilis oil was effective in protecting cherry tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) from infection of A. alternata , with an inhibition ratio of 33.9%. Scanning electron microscopy observations of the pathogen revealed significant morphological alterations in the hyphae . CONCLUSION This work suggested that L. nobilis oil could be used as a potential fungicide to control the post-harvest disease caused by A. alternata . © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
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高影响因子
Toxins
·
2025
·Vol. 17
·期 4
·181
·
IF 4
Qingling Zhan,Lina Liu,Wenjie Li,Jingshan Lu,Jiafu Jiang,Fadi Chen,Ye Liu,Zhiyong Guan
Alternariaspecies produce diverse secondary metabolites that act as critical virulence factors during plant pathogenesis. In cultivation areas ofChrysanthemum morifolium‘Fubai’—a key cultivar for herbal tea—black spot disease caused byA. alternatamanifests as necrotic leaf lesions progressing to wilting. Despite this disease’s economic impact, information on its associated toxins is limited, and the types of toxins produced by the black spot pathogen ofChrysanthemum morifolium‘Fubai’ in particular remain unclear. Furthermore, whether toxins are present in the flowers when the leaves show symptoms is uncertain, but their inflorescence is not visibly infected. Using two previously characterizedA. alternatastrains (F16/F20) isolated from ‘Fubai’ in earlier studies, we demonstrated the concomitant production of altenuene (ALT) and tenuazonic acid (TeA) in both strains, with strain-specific yield variations (F20 TeA: 342.16 µg/mL vs. F16: 21.84 µg/mL; ALT: 0.28 µg/mL vs. 0.90 µg/mL). Time-course monitoring revealed coordinated accumulation of both toxins in inoculated petals, reaching 18.07 μg/g ALT and 2.59 µg/g TeA by day 9. Notably, these two toxins were detected only in flower samples from black spot-infected plants, and their concentrations correlated closely with disease severity in the leaves. Moreover, although the inflorescences did not display symptoms, both fresh and dried flowers retained detectable toxin levels. We established a technical system for the extraction and quantitative detection of the toxins ALT and TeA produced by the black spot pathogen in tea chrysanthemum. This work provides the first confirmation of ALT/TeA co-contamination inChrysanthemum morifolium‘Fubai’, revealing substantial dietary exposure risks through tea consumption. Our findings suggest that, from a food safety risk reduction perspective, integrated management strategies should be developed to minimize toxin contamination in tea chrysanthemum, including improved disease prevention measures and potential regulatory considerations.
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高影响因子
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2017
·
IF 3.248
Ting-Tiao Pan,Hongbin Pu,Da-Wen Sun
In this paper, fresh pear fruits and those infected by Alternaria alternata ( A. alternata ) were studied by confocal Raman microspectroscopy (CRM) to illustrate the changes in chemical compositions of cell wall. Firstly, Raman spectra of the cell wall of both fresh and infected fruits were collected with spatial resolution at micron level, and then label-free in situ imaging of chemical compositions in the cell wall were mapped. The results showed that there were significant changes in the signal intensity of cell wall, especially in the later stage of A. alternata infection. After 8 days of infection at room temperature, the signal intensities at 1086 and 871 cm −1 , which were associated with cellulose and pectin, were decreased by 58.50% and 58.67%, respectively, revealing changes in the main components of the infected cell wall infected. Meanwhile, the chemical images of the cell wall of both fresh and infected fruits were compared, indicating that A. alternata infection caused the alterations of morphological structure and chemical compositions in the cell wall in a time-dependent manner. Our results confirmed that CRM is a useful tool for the identification of compositional changes in the cell wall caused by fungal infection without the need for any chemical treatment. For the first time, the current research applied CRM in phytopathology for investigating interactive relationship between a pathogen and its host, thus offering a new way for in-depth study of pathogen-host interactions at cellular level.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
光谱学
·
细胞生物学
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采后生理学
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微生物-宿主相互作用
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Fungal Biology
·
2023
·
IF 2.5
Jiaxin Liu,Canying Li,Chenyang Zhang,Rui Huang,Linhong Qu,Yonghong Ge
Black spot rot caused by Alternaria alternata is one of the major postharvest disease of apple fruit during logistic. This study evaluated in vitro inhibitory effect of 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid (PLA) at various concentrations on A. alternata and the possible mechanisms involved in its action. Results showed that different concentrations of PLA inhibited conidia germination and mycelial growth of A. alternata in vitro, and 1.0 g L −1 was the lowest effective concentration to suppress A. alternata growth. Moreover, PLA significantly reduced relative conductivity and increased malondialdehyde and soluble protein contents. PLA also increased H 2 O 2 and dehydroascorbic acid contents, but reduced ascorbic acid content. Additionally, PLA treatment inhibited catalase , ascorbate peroxidase , monodehydroascorbate acid reductase, dehydroascorbic acid reductase and glutathione reductase activities, whereas promoted superoxide dismutase activity. All these findings suggest that the possible mechanisms involved in the inhibitory effect of PLA on A. alternata included damaging the cell membrane integrity to cause electrolyte leakage and destroying reactive oxygen species balance.
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高影响因子
Journal of Fungi
·
2024
·Vol. 10
·期 10
·726
·
IF 4.2
Di Wang,Haijue Zhang,Lingkui Meng,Xinyu Tan,Rong Liu,Qingchao Gao,Yan Wu,Yuhan Zhu,Xueyan Ren,Yongcai Li,Qingjun Kong
Black spot caused byAlternaria alternatais one of the most common postharvest diseases in fruit and vegetables. A comprehensive investigation into its pathogenicity mechanism is imperative in order to propose a targeted and effective control strategy. The effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the pathogenicity ofA. alternataand its underlying mechanism was studied. The results showed that treatment with 0.5 mM L−1of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (NO donor) increased the lesion diameter ofA. alternatain vivo and in vitro, which was 22.8% and 13.2% higher than that of the control, respectively. Exogenous NO treatment also induced endogenous NO accumulation by activating nitric oxide synthase (NOS). In addition, NO triggered an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. NO enhanced activities and gene expression levels of NADPH oxidase (NOX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione reductase (GR). Moreover, NO stimulated cell wall degrading enzymes by activating the corresponding gene expression in vivo and in vitro. These results suggested that exogenous NO promoted the pathogenicity ofA. alternataby inducing ROS accumulation and activating antioxidants and cell wall degrading enzymes. The present results could establish a theoretical foundation for the targeted control of the black spot disease in pear fruit.
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高影响因子
Journal of Fungi
·
2024
·Vol. 10
·期 11
·801
·
IF 4.2
Di Wang,Lingkui Meng,Haijue Zhang,Rong Liu,Yuhan Zhu,Xinyu Tan,Yan Wu,Qingchao Gao,Xueyan Ren,Qingjun Kong
Black spot, one of the major diseases of kiwifruit, is caused byAlternaria alternata. A comprehensive investigation into its pathogenicity mechanism is imperative in order to propose a targeted and effective control strategy. The effect of L-arginine on the pathogenicity ofA. alternataand the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results showed that treatment with 5 mM L−1of L-arginine promoted spore germination and increased the colony diameter and lesion diameter ofA. alternatain vivo and in vitro, which were 23.1% and 9.3% higher than that of the control, respectively. Exogenous L-arginine treatment also induced endogenous L-arginine and nitric oxide (NO) accumulation by activating nitric oxide synthase (NOS), arginine decarboxylase (ADC) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). In addition, exogenous L-arginine triggered an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by activating the activity and inducing gene expression upregulation of NADPH oxidase. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2.−) levels were 15.9% and 2.2 times higher, respectively, than in the control group on the second day of L-arginine treatment. Meanwhile, antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression levels were enhanced, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione reductase (GR). In addition, exogenous L-arginine stimulated cell wall-degrading enzymes in vivo and in vitro by activating gene expression. These results suggested that exogenous L-arginine promoted the pathogenicity ofA. alternataby inducing the accumulation of polyamines, NO, and ROS, and by activating systems of antioxidants and cell wall-degrading enzymes. The present study not only revealed the mechanism by which low concentrations of L-arginine increase the pathogenicity ofA. alternata, but also provided a theoretical basis for the exclusive and precise targeting ofA. alternatain kiwifruit.
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高影响因子
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