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Advanced Science · 2025 · IF 14.1

A Dual-Targeting Biomimetic Nanoplatform Integrates SDT/CDT/Gas Therapy to Boost Synergistic Ferroptosis for Orthotopic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy

Wen Meng,Ting Chen,Xueping Li,Yi Li,Lu Zhang,Yigang Xu,Tianqiang Song,Ji Qi,Qingqing Xiong,Wen Li

The development of efficient therapeutic strategies to promote ferroptotic cell death offers significant potential for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. Herein, this study presents an HCC-targeted nanoplatform that integrates bimetallic FeMoO 4 nanoparticles with CO-releasing molecules, and further camouflaged with SP94 peptide-modified macrophage membrane for enhanced ferroptosis-driven multi-modal therapy of HCC. Leveraging the multi-enzyme activities of the multivalent metallic elements, the nanoplatform not only decomposes H 2 O 2 to generate oxygen and alleviate tumor hypoxia but also depletes glutathione to inactivate glutathione peroxides 4, which amplify sonodynamic therapy and ferroptotic tumor death under ultrasound (US) irradiation. Meanwhile, the nanoplatform catalyzes the Fenton reaction to produce hydroxyl radicals for chemodynamic therapy. Elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species trigger the cascade release of CO, leading to lethal lipid peroxidation and further enhancing ferroptosis-mediated tumor therapy. This nanoplatform demonstrates robust anti-tumor efficacy under US irradiation with favorable biosafety in both subcutaneous and orthotopic HCC models, representing a promising therapeutic approach for HCC. Additionally, the findings offer new insights into tumor microenvironment modulation to optimize US-triggered multi-modal cancer therapy.

研究领域: 肿瘤学 · 纳米医学 · 生物化学
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Acta Biomaterialia · 2023 · IF 9.7

Mitochondria-associated ER stress evokes immunogenic cell death through the ROS-PERK-eIF2α pathway under PTT/CDT combined therapy

Xiaoli Feng,Tian Lin,Dong Chen,Zhiyang Li,Qiuping Yang,Huiting Tian,Yao Xiao,Mingzhen Lin,Min Liang,Weihong Guo,Peng Zhao,Zhaoze Guo

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) can effectively induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumours and is thus a promising strategy for boosting the efficacy of immunotherapy. However, the mechanism by which CDT enhances ICD and lowers ICD efficiency is unknown and this restricts its clinical application. In this study, a second near-infrared (NIR-II) window irradiation-triggered hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) self-supplying nanocomposite ((Cu 2 Se-CaO 2 )@LA) was constructed. The modified lauric acid was melted by the heat energy of the NIR-II irradiation, to expose the CaO 2 nanoparticles, and they then reacted with water to produce H 2 O 2 and Ca 2+ . H 2 O 2 was then converted to hydroxyl radicals by the photothermal-enhanced CDT process of the Cu 2 Se nanocubes. Notably, the CDT and Ca 2+ overload was found to induce sequential damage to the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which upregulated the PERK-mediated eIF2α phosphorylation pathway and caused subsequent ICD. NIR-II irradiation of the (Cu 2 Se-CaO 2 )@LA also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and this was sufficient to increase dendritic cell maturation, attracting cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and suppressing tumour growth in vivo. Overall, we demonstrated that an enhanced CDT strategy under NIR-II exposure and H 2 O 2 self-supply can induce extensive ICD by inducing mitochondria-associated ER stress, which represents a highly effective and promising strategy for ICD amplification and tumour immunotherapy. Statement of significance In this study, a second near-infrared window (NIR-II) irradiation-triggered and H 2 O 2 self-supplying nanocomposite (named (Cu 2 Se-CaO 2 )@LA) was constructed and tested both in vitro and in vivo . These nanoparticles demonstrated promising antitumor activity as designed. Mechanistically, the nanoparticles could damage mitochondria and upregulate the PERK-mediated eIF2αphosphorylation pathway, further causing endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inducing immunogenic cell death through dendritic cell maturation and cytotoxic T lymphocyte recruitment augmented activity. This system represents a highly effective and promising strategy for enhancing tumor immunotherapy and provides new insights for future studies and design refinements.

CAS / MDL: 7782-49-2
研究领域: 癌症研究 · 免疫治疗 · 纳米技术 · 细胞生物学 · 分子生物学
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Small · 2026 · IF 12.1

Harnessing Boron-Mediated Ti Valence Cycling in TiB2-PEG-DOX: A Multimodal CDT/PTT/CT Platform for Colorectal Cancer Therapy

Yueguang Fang,Chenxi Li,Xinqi Li,Lanling Xiu,Dingwen Xiao,Miao Wang,Lin Sun,Junwei Ye

Titanium-based materials hold great biomedical potential owing to excellent biocompatibility. But titanium diboride (TiB 2 ), an emerging metal boride, is rarely explored for antitumor use, and developing multifunctional TiB 2 -based nanoplatforms with enhanced catalytic activity is urgently needed. Herein, we constructed a nanoplatform (TiB 2 -PEG-DOX) by modifying TiB 2 nanosheets (TiB 2 NSs) with amino polyethylene glycol (NH 2 -PEG-NH 2 ) and loading doxorubicin (DOX) via electrostatic interaction. We first clarified the boron (B)-mediated Ti valence cycle: B regulates Ti electron transfer, promotes Ti 4+ reduction to Ti 2+ , enhancing H 2 O 2 -rich tumor microenvironment Fenton-like reaction to generate cytotoxic •OH for chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Meanwhile, TiB 2 -PEG-DOX shows 53.53% photothermal conversion efficiency under 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) irradiation for efficient photothermal therapy (PTT), and NIR further triggers on-demand DOX release. DOX accumulates at tumor sites via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect to exert chemotherapy (CT). In vitro, it eliminates 86.32% of HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells via CDT/PTT/CT synergy; in vivo, it achieves nearly complete tumor ablation in mice with excellent biocompatibility. This work provides a high-performance synergistic antitumor platform and establishes a B-modulated metal valence cycling paradigm, paving the way for titanium-based nanomedicines.

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Advanced Healthcare Materials · 2025 · IF 9.6

pH-Sensitive Metal–Organic Frameworks for the Improved Inhibition of HepG2 Cell via Folate Receptor-Mediated Targeting and Cascaded CDT Effect

Chen Zhang,Xueyu Pu,Guohua Teng,Fuyi Li,Hezhao Bai,Kui Lin,Yi Wang,Jia Hao,Jian Yang,Fei Tian

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have great potential for the development of targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs) to improve the effectiveness of inhibiting HepG2 cells. Herein, inspired by the solvothermal synthesis method and the concept of designable assembly, MOF (UiO-66-NH 2 ) is first doped by Fe-Cu NPs to form Fe-Cu@MOF and further modified with polydopamine (PDA) and folic acid (FA) to obtain Fe-Cu@MOF-PDA-FA for the loading of resveratrol (RES). The Fe-Cu@MOF-PDA-FA has desirable drug loading efficiency and excellent pH-responsive release of RES. In vitro cellular experiments and 3D hepatoma cell microspheres model, the Fe-Cu@MOF-PDA-FA not only showed low cytotoxicity but also post-drug has a good inhibitory effect on HepG2. In addition, Fe-Cu@MOF-PDA-FA could achieve good tumor penetration via FR-mediated endocytosis, while showing good anticancer cellular activity and the ability to promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Therefore, RES@Fe-Cu@MOF-PDA-FA has promising applications as pH-responsive DDS in combination with chemodynamic therapy (CDT) for cancer therapy.

研究领域: 材料科学 · 纳米医学 · 癌症治疗 · 药物递送系统 · 生物无机化学
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DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS · 2026 · IF 5.1

One-pot microwave-derived copper-doped red-emissive carbon dots with multienzyme activities for synergistic CDT/PDT enhancement via glutathione depletion

Shan Huang,Guixin Li,Wei Ni,Yutong Zhao,Shiqin Zhang,Yi Fang,Fuxiang Wei,Qi Xiao

Cancer remains a leading cause of global mortality, with nearly 10 million annual deaths. High intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and tumor hypoxia critically limit chemotherapy efficacy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) effectiveness. Conventional nanocatalytic materials, particularly blue/green-emitting nanomaterials, face limited deep-tissue penetration, hindering their utility in bioimaging and targeted therapy. Herein, we report a microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis of copper-doped red-emissive carbon dots (Cu-CDs) using dicyandiamide, 4′-aminoacetanilide, and anhydrous copper sulfate as precursors. The synthesized Cu-CDs exhibit excellent optical properties ( λ ex / λ em  = 525/595 nm) with a quantum yield of 12.7%, enabling nuclear fluorescent imaging for precise tumor localization. Notably, Cu-CDs demonstrate triple-enzyme (peroxidase, catalase, oxidase) mimetic activities, which synergistically deplete GSH, alleviate tumor hypoxia, and enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In vitro studies revealed that Cu-CDs-mediated chemodynamic therapy (CDT) alone achieved 60.4% tumor cell apoptosis, while combination with PDT elevated the rate to 92.96%. Mechanistically, Cu-CDs exploit endogenous H 2 O 2 overexpression in tumors to produce cytotoxic ‧OH radicals via peroxidase activity, while catalase activity mitigates hypoxia by decomposing H 2 O 2 into O 2 . This multi-enzyme synergy reduces ROS scavenging by GSH, amplifying PDT efficacy. Biocompatibility assessments confirmed low cytotoxicity and efficient cellular uptake of Cu-CDs. The red-emissive feature enables deep-tissue penetration and nuclear targeting, minimizing off-target damage. This work establishes a paradigm for metal-doped CDs in cancer theranostics, overcoming single-enzyme limitations and advancing synergistic enzyme-mimetic therapy. The strategy holds significant promise for biomedical applications, offering a novel platform for precision tumor treatment.

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BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY · 2021 · IF 4.774

MOFs-Derived Fe–N Codoped Carbon Nanoparticles as O2-Evolving Reactor and ROS Generator for CDT/PDT/PTT Synergistic Treatment of Tumors

Chunxiao Sui,Rui Tan,Yiwen Chen,Guotao Yin,Ziyang Wang,Wengui Xu,Xiaofeng Li

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) derivatives had been widely explored in electronic and environmental fields, but rarely evaluated in the biomedical applications. Herein, Fe–N codoped carbon (FeNC) nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized via facile pyrolysis of precursor ZIF-8 (Fe/Zn) nanoparticles, and their potential applications in tumor therapy were assessed in this investigation both in vitro and in vivo. After PAA (sodium polyacrylate) modification, the FeNC@PAA nanoparticles were able to initiate a Fe-based Fenton-like reaction to generate ·OH and O2 for chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and O2 evolution. Meanwhile, the porphyrin-like metal center in the FeNC@PAA nanoparticles could be used as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumors, which could be enhanced by O2 generated in CDT. Furthermore, the FeNC@PAA nanoparticles were also found to be effective in photothermal therapy (PTT) with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 29.15%, owing to a high absorbance in the near-infrared region (NIR). In conclusion, the synthesized FeNC@PAA nanoparticles exhibited promising applications in O2 evolution and CDT/PDT/PTT synergistic treatment of tumors.

研究领域: 生物医学工程 · 材料科学 · 肿瘤学
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RARE METALS · 2026 ·Vol. 45 ·期 4 ·e70192 · IF 12.1

Developing HMME-Conjugated NIR-II Activated Carbon Dots Nanospray for the Treatment of MRSA Biofilm Infections in Diabetic Wound via PTT/CDT/SDT

Liang Zhou,Ning Wang,Zumeng Wang,Pingping Zhang,Yuqin Chu,Yingguang Liu,Wen Liu,Chengwu Zhang,Lili Yan

en This link goes to a English section zh This link goes to a Chinese section Diabetic wound infections are a common complication of diabetes, which severely impact patients' quality of life. Effective treatment of diabetic wound infections remains one major challenge in the clinic, partially due to the formation of bacterial biofilm and antibiotic resistance. It is imperative to develop non-antibiotic-dependent strategies to efficiently eradicate biofilm infections in diabetic wounds. In this work, an innovative nanospray (CDs-HM) was successfully prepared by linking one acoustic sensitizer (hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether, HMME) to CDs fabricated with hemin, nickel(II) chloride, and polymer ethylene imine. CDs-HM exhibited catalase-enhanced sonodynamic properties and photothermal-enhanced chemodynamic properties. In vitro experiments and transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that CDs-HM successfully killed the bacteria and destroyed bacterial biofilm by disrupting bacterial cell membrane integrity, inducing oxidative stress, and inhibiting ATP production through synergistic photothermal therapy/chemodynamic therapy/sonodynamic therapy (PTT/CDT/SDT) effects. In the diabetic wound infection mouse model, CDs-HM remarkably eradicated MRSA biofilm, reduced inflammation levels, and promoted angiogenesis/collagen deposition so as to accelerate wound healing. It is noteworthy that CDs-HM displayed superior bacteria killing and wound healing effects compared with conventional vancomycin and nanosilver dressing interventions. The practicality and efficiency of CDs-HM endowed it with broad clinical translation prospects. It paved the way for developing novel strategies for combating diabetic wound infections. 摘要 en This link goes to a English section zh This link goes to a Chinese section 糖尿病伤口感染是糖尿病的常见并发症,严重影响患者的生活质量。由于细菌生物膜的形成和抗生素耐药性问题,糖尿病伤口感染的有效治疗仍是临床面临的一大挑战。因此,亟待开发非抗生素依赖的新策略以高效清除糖尿病伤口的生物膜感染。本研究通过将声敏剂(血卟啉单甲醚,HMME)与由氯化血红素、氯化镍和聚乙烯亚胺制备的碳点相偶联,成功构建了一种新型纳米喷雾(CDs-HM)。CDs-HM表现出过氧化氢酶增强的声动力学性能与光热增强的化学动力学性能。体外实验及转录组学分析表明,通过协同的光热/化学动力学/声动力学治疗,CDs-HM可破坏细菌细胞膜的完整性、诱导氧化应激并抑制ATP的生成,从而有效杀灭细菌并破坏其生物膜。在糖尿病伤口感染小鼠模型中,CDs-HM能显著清除耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜、降低炎症水平并促进血管生成和胶原沉积,进而加速伤口愈合。值得注意的是,与临床上常用的万古霉素和纳米银敷料联合治疗措施相比,CDs-HM展现出更优异的杀菌及促伤口愈合效果。CDs-HM展示出较强的实用性,使其具备了广阔的临床转化前景,也为开发糖尿病伤口感染治疗的新型策略奠定了基础。

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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS · 2024 · IF 18.5

Bimetallic Nanozymes-Integrated Parachute-Like Au2Pt@PMO@ICG Janus Nanomotor with Dual Propulsion for Enhanced Tumor Penetration and Synergistic PTT/PDT/CDT Cancer Therapy

Xiaolei Zhang,Yangsai Lyu,Jia Li,Xiaohan Yang,Ziwei Lan,Zhixu Chen

Nanocatalytic therapeutic agents with triple synergistic treatment modes of chemodynamic therapy (CDT), photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are emerging nanomaterials in malignancy treatment. Nevertheless, the passive diffusion and transport of nanomaterials result in poor permeability in tumor lesions, severely affecting the effectiveness of synergistic therapy. Herein, a dual-source-driven parachute-like Au 2 Pt@PMO@ICG Janus nanomotor (APIJNS) is prepared by an interfacial energy-mediated anisotropic growth strategy for PTT-mediated CDT/PDT triple synergistic cancer therapy. Such nanomotor can realize self-thermophoresis drive under the trigger of near-infrared light, which can effectively enhance the active permeability and uptake of the APIJNS in the tumor tissue, thus achieving efficient PTT/PDT/CDT synergistic therapeutic effect. In addition, parachute-like APIJNS exhibits high-efficiency catalase (CAT)-like activity and can catalyze the overexpressed H 2 O 2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to generate oxygen (O 2 ), not only alleviating the hypoxia in the tumor lesion, but also converting it into singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) to activate the photosensitizer ICG, achieving PDT. This work provides new ideas for enhancing triple synergistic cancer therapy by improving tumor permeability with dual-drive Janus nanomotors based on dual noble metal nanozymes.

研究领域: 纳米技术 · 生物医学工程 · 癌症治疗 · 材料科学 · 光热治疗 · 光动力治疗 · 化学动力治疗
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JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY · 2023 · IF 5

Nanocellulose composite hydrogels with mitochondria targeting for efficient CDT was synthesized. Efficient tumor treatment by triphenylphosphine conjugated nanocellulose composite hydrogels for enhanced mitochondria targeting

Xun Wang,Like Ning,Hanchen Lin,Ning Ma,Xun Li,Fei Wang,Rui Zhang,Chaoqun You

The study of mitochondria-targeted antitumor treatment has been extensively developed as target sites to improve the efficiency of cancer therapy. On this basis, cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) with large specific surface areas, which can conjugate large amounts of active groups, have been provided with the potential antitumor platform for developing mitochondria-targeted triggers. Herein, an efficient mitochondria-targeting nanocellulose composite hydrogel based on triphenylphosphine (TPP) conjugated quaternized cellulose nanocrystal (QCNC) and agarose was developed and used as mitochondria targeting triggers to deliver drugs to cancer cells. Furthermore, TPP conjugated dihydroartemisinin (DHA) was loaded into the nanocellulose composite hydrogels, accompanied by the significant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and resulted in cell apoptosis. This DHA-loaded nanocellulose composite hydrogel has achieved a doubled ROS yield than free DHA, and the results showed that the viability of the A549 cell was reduced by 50 % by nanocellulose composite hydrogels treatment compared to free DHA. Moreover, the nanocellulose composite hydrogel demonstrated nontoxic performance in vitro cytotoxicity studies on HUVEC cells. This current study indicates the strong potential for using nanocellulose as biocompatible and efficient mitochondria-targeted triggers in cancer therapies.

研究领域: 生物医学工程 · 肿瘤学 · 材料科学
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NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY · 2021 ·Vol. 45 ·期 23 ·10296-10302 · IF 3.591

A microenvironment-mediated Cu2O–MoS2 nanoplatform with enhanced Fenton-like reaction activity for tumor chemodynamic/photothermal therapy

Guligena Pidamaimaiti,Xiaoyu Huang,Kai Pang,Zhi Su,Fu Wang

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) with selective therapeutic and minimal side effects has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Nevertheless, the limited H2O2 and acid contents in the tumor microenvironment suppress the efficiency of the Fenton reaction. To overcome these issues, photothermal therapy (PTT) is employed to amplify the CDT effect and realize synergistic PTT/CDT. Herein, MoS2 sheets are functionalized with copper (Cu2O–MoS2), which integrates enhanced CDT and PTT to combat tumor cells. The 808 nm light activated Cu2O–MoS2 nanoplatform appears to be a potential candidate to improve the synergistic effect on the enhanced Fenton-like reaction and photothermal performance.

研究领域: 癌症治疗 · 纳米医学 · 材料科学 · 生物医学工程
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ACS Applied Nano Materials · 2024 · IF 5.3

pH-Responsive Metal-Phenolic Network Nanoparticles for Synergistic Chemo-Photodynamic Antibacterial Therapy

Ji-Rou Wu,Yi-Ru Wang,Jia-Yue Du,Ya-Li Meng,Xu-Ying Liu,Xiao-Lei Zhang,Yan-Fei Kang

The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria and their easy recurrence have been challenging in the clinical treatment of skin abscesses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop treatments against bacterial infections. This study developed an antibacterial PDT/CDT dual-mode treatment platform (Ce6/TA-Fe3+ NPs) to treat subcutaneous abscesses and promote wound healing. The Ce6/TA-Fe3+ NPs can quickly generate 1O2 under illumination and ·OH through the Fenton reaction in the microenvironment, leading to the eradication of biofilms. In particular, the Ce6/TA-Fe3+ NPs demonstrated over 90% effectiveness in fighting Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria and successfully eliminated biofilms after being exposed to a 660 nm laser for 10 min. Antibacterial mechanism research showed that the Ce6/TA-Fe3+ NPs induced a speedy rupture of the bacterial cell membranes, membrane lipid peroxidation, protein leakage, inhibition of intracellular ATP, and DNA damage based on the synergistic effect of PDT and CDT. Meanwhile, the Ce6/TA-Fe3+ NPs demonstrated good biosafety to normal cells and can clear the bacteria from the infected wound to promote the healing process of the infected area. The experimental results in vivo demonstrated that Ce6/TA-Fe3+ NPs effectively treated skin abscesses. Therefore, this study suggested that the Ce6/TA-Fe3+ NPs possessed the ability to kill bacteria, eliminate biofilms, and effectively treat subcutaneous abscesses based on the synergistic mechanism of PDT and CDT, which provided the promising strategy for the antibacterial medication and treatment of subcutaneous abscesses.

CAS / MDL: 119171-73-2
研究领域: 医学 · 生物材料学 · 纳米医学
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE · 2023 · IF 9.9

A double-gain theranostic nanoplatform based on self-supplying H2O2 nanocomposites for synergistic chemodynamic/gas therapy

Li Wang,Kun Ge,Jiaqi Duan,Xiaomeng Du,Guoqiang Zhou,Lili Ma,Shutao Gao,Jinchao Zhang

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) based on hydroxyl radicals (•OH) to suppress tumor cells is a promising strategy due to its efficacy and safety. Nevertheless, in tumor cells, CDT still faces challenges such as insufficient •OH and weak killing effect of tumor cells under physiological conditions due to inadequate amounts of endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and heightened glutathione expression. These challenges limit the therapeutic potential of CDT. To improve the effects of CDT, combination treatment strategies have been developed. Here, we report a rationally designed nanocomposite (CaO 2 @Cu-LA) with self-supplying H 2 O 2 ability from calcium peroxide, and nitric oxide (NO) generation ability from l -arginine. NO molecules not only exhibit a strong killing effect, but also have the potential to transfer into the more cytotoxic substance peroxynitrite anion by reacting with reactive oxygen species. The results showed that CaO 2 @Cu-LA could significantly suppress tumor growth by increasing •OH radicals and NO molecules. Taken together, the strategy developed here provides a good application foreground to yield a remarkable synergistic antitumor effect of CDT and NO gas therapy.

CAS / MDL: 3317-61-1 54827-17-7
研究领域: 纳米技术 · 癌症治疗 · 生物医学工程 · 药学
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