MATERIALS & DESIGN
·
2023
·
IF 8.4
Yu Yang,Miao Jiang,Zhuang Ma,Alexandr A. Rogachev,Weizhi Tian,Xin Gao,Baowen Xu,Lihong Gao
Carbon fiber epoxy resin (CFRP) is gradually used as the space satellite antenna material, thermal control coatings (TCCs) are prepared on the surface to ensure the stable operation. However, the traditional TCCs have no wave transmission capability. The hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) were used to prepare the coating in our work, and ZrO 2 was coated on its surface (Zr-HGM) to improve the solar reflectivity. The Zr-HGM powders were obtained by a homogeneous precipitation method with an appropriate reaction time of 4 h. By investigating the optical and dielectric properties, we found that the solar absorption of the coating with Zr-HGM was reduced by half compared to the coating with the original HGM. The microwave transmittances were all above 96.5% from 2 to 18 GHz. Our findings have proposed a preparation method for a new CFRP-based TCC, which will ensure the stable operation of the satellite antenna.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
航空航天工程
·
电磁材料
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DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2023
·Vol. 15
·期 10
·2309
·
IF 5
Guangming Yang,Fei Cheng,Shihao Zuo,Jinheng Zhang,Yang Xu,Yunsen Hu,Xiaozhi Hu
This study employed novel joint treatments to strengthen the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) were prepared in situ on the catalyst-treated CF surface via the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, intertwining into three-dimensional fiber-nets and fully surrounding CF to form an integrated structure. The resin pre-coating (RPC) technique was further used to guide diluted epoxy resin (without hardener) to flow into nanoscale and submicron spaces to eliminate void defects at the root of VACNTs. Three-point bending testing results showed the “growing CNTs and RPC”-treated CFRP composites yielded the best flexural strength, a 27.1% improvement over the specimens without treatment, while the failure modes indicated that the original delamination failure was changed into “flexural failure” with through-the-thickness crack propagation. In brief, growing VACNTs and RPC on the CF surface enabled toughening of the epoxy adhesive layer, reducing potential void defects and constructing the integrated quasi-Z-directional fiber bridging at the CF/epoxy interface for stronger CFRP composites. Therefore, the joint treatments of growing VACNTs in situ via the CVD method and RPC technique are very effective and have great potential in manufacturing high-strength CFRP composites for aerospace applications.Keywords:carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP);chemical vapor deposition (CVD);resin pre-coating (RPC);vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs);integrated fiber bridging
研究领域:
材料科学
·
复合材料工程
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Mengyuan Hao,Jiaming Yang,Chengxi Zhu,Yonggang Zhang,Xin Qian,Jianhai Zhi,Li Liu,Yudong Huang
Simultaneously toughening and strengthening epoxy thermosets remains the critical challenge in the advancement of high-performance matrices used in advanced carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs). In this research, a series of "octopus"-like nano-POSS fillers with diverse side-chain structures were synthesized and incorporated as the toughening core in an in-situ interpenetrating network (IPN). This approach aims to achieve synergistic toughening and strengthening through multiple mechanisms, primarily including particle debonding and plastic shear deformation. Firstly, the critical impacts of side-chain structures in POSS on structure-related parameters were systematically investigated, with particular emphasis on physical entanglement and spatial hindrance. It was confirmed that extended flexible linear segments within POSS promoted robust physical entanglement, effectively increasing the cross-link density of the system and thereby enhancing its energy absorption capabilities. As a result, the maximum tensile strength and impact toughness of the matrix reached 105 MPa and 40.3 kJ/m 2 , respectively, representing a 19.3% increase in tensile strength and a remarkable 155.1% improvement in impact toughness compared to pure epoxy. Significant improvements in flexural properties, impact toughness, and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of CFRPs have been demonstrated, effectively validating their performance enhancements. Specifically, for the E/V/OCPC composite, the flexural strength and impact toughness were elevated to 473 MPa and 53.8 kJ/m 2 , marking respective improvements of 20.1% and 47.0% over EP composites. The considerable enhancement in the properties of the matrix and composites underscores the efficacy of constructing homogeneous synergistic toughening systems and optimizing the physical entanglement of nanofillers in developing advanced composites with superior performance.
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高影响因子
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Xu Zhao,Ke Li,Xuehui Liu,Li Chen,Shimei Xu,Yu-Zhong Wang
The escalating accumulation of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) waste and the limitations of conventional recycling methods demand innovative strategies to achieve full-component recovery and sustainable valorization. CFRP waste is hard to recycle because of its dense physical/chemical structure and solvent resistance, especially in aqueous solvent degradation systems. Here, we report a CFRP recycling strategy that integrates catalytic hydrolysis and high-value reuse of degradation products. The FeCl 3 catalytic system enables efficient hydrolysis and slightly oxidative degradation of the epoxy thermosets in CFRP. High-performance adhesives can be produced through the supramolecular interactions between iron ions and degradation products without the need of separation process. Simultaneously, carbon fibers (CFs) are recovered with minimal surface damage. This strategy not only addresses CFRP waste management challenges but also converts both polymer matrix and catalyst residues into value-added materials, offering a scalable and eco-friendly solution for circular composites economy.
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高影响因子
POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2026
·
IF 4.9
Weiping Huo,Xuejuan Niu
Preventing interlaminar crack propagation is essential to improve the properties of CFRP laminates. In this study, electrospun GNP@PEI nanofibrous mats were embedded into CFRP laminates. Flexible PEI nanofibers could form ductile interlayers to alleviate interfacial stress, and uniformly dispersed GNPs provide multi-scale synergistic toughening. The influence of GNP content was systematically investigated via double cantilever beam (DCB) tests, end-notched flexure (ENF) tests, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The research results indicated that the toughening effect exhibits a significant concentration-dependent behavior. Specimens with 1.5 wt% GNPs exhibited optimal performance, whose Mode I ( G IC ) and Mode II ( G IIC ) fracture toughness values improved by 111% and 100%, respectively. However, the content of 2.0 wt% GNP caused local agglomeration, inducing stress concentration and weakening the toughening effect. Furthermore, DMA results showed that appropriate GNP introduction enhanced the interfacial restriction, successfully restoring the storage modulus and thermal stability. Finally, fracture morphology characterization confirmed the multi-scale synergistic tuning mechanisms. Highlights Interleaving GNP@PEI nanofibrous mats enhances CFRP interlaminar properties. Adding 1.5 wt% GNPs improved Mode I and II toughness by 111% and 100%. The effects of GNP@PEI on composite viscoelastic properties are elucidated. Excessive GNPs lead to agglomeration and degradation of mechanical properties.
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DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
·
2025
·
IF 7.1
Xiaopeng Wu,Bin Zhou,Tao Lu,Zhaohu Ding,Huiming Ning,Ning Hu,Libin Zhao,Xinyu Qi
Developing advanced carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) with structure–function integrated characteristics holds considerable significance in the aerospace and military industries. Herein, electrospun polymide (PI) nanofibrous veils loaded with conductive polypyrrole (PPy) were incorporated into the interlayer of CFRP to simultaneously enhance the interlaminar properties, through-thickness electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI) properties. Experimental results demonstrate a remarkable 179.58 % increase in mode Ⅱ interlaminar fracture toughness compared to the plain specimen. Detailed analysis reveals the enhancement is driven by multiple toughening mechanisms, including matrix plastic deformation and cracking, nanofibers stretching and breakage, matrix-fiber debonding, as well as cracks deflecting and cross-layer migration. Importantly, incorporating these hybrid nanofibrous networks doesn’t compromise the overall mechanical integrity of CFRP, instead it results in a 30 % improvement in interlaminar shear strength over the baseline composites. Furthermore, the unique alternating sandwich lay-up structure, combined with the excellent electromagnetic wave attenuation properties of the nanofibrous veils, leads to a 1406 % increase in through-thickness electrical conductivity and a 211.68 % enhancement in EMI effectiveness compared to unmodified CFRP laminates. This study not only underscores the potential of hybrid nanofibrous veils in multifunctional composite design but also provides an efficient strategy for developing high-performance CFRP tailored for demanding applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纳米技术
·
高分子科学
·
电磁学
·
航空航天工程
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DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
·
2024
·
IF 6.5
Hui Ke,Jiamei Lai,Yilong Li,Xiaomei Xue,Xiang Liu,Jin Cao
Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are commonly used in structural components because of their favorable mechanical properties. However, their limited interlayer toughness, resulting from their laminated structure and inherent brittleness, restricts their broader range of applications. The study's goal was to make the matrix system stronger by connecting carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-C) with polydopamine (PDA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI). A ternary resin system consisting of epoxy resin (EP) and vinyl ester resin (VER) was created. This system has an interpenetrating network (IPN)structure and modified particles, which improves the interlayer toughness of unidirectional CFRP laminates. The modified MWCNTs-C has better surface reactivity, which lets it spread out well inside the IPN structure made by EP and VER. This reduces the "self-filtering effect" of the particles that come into contact with the VARTM process. The incorporation of 1 wt% of modified MWCNTs-C particles leads to a significant 107% improvement in the Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of unidirectional CFRP composites with G ⅠC ,prop value. This suggests that 1 wt% is the optimal amount of particle inclusion. The Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness (G ⅠC ,prop) of unidirectional CFRP composites goes up by 124% when IPN structural toughening is added, reaching a value of 1216 J/m 2 . They found that adding IPN structural toughening to unidirectional CFRP composites raised the Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness (G ⅠC ,prop) by 124%, giving it a value of 1216 J/m 2 . We improved the Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness (G ⅠC ,prop) of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites by 147% by adding particle reinforcement and interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) architecture. The highest value recorded was 1340 J/m 2. Concurrently, the synergistic toughening process was examined by comparing empirical data and scanning electron microscope pictures. This analysis offers a valuable point of reference for choosing the interlaminar toughening method for carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
复合材料工程
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ADHESION
·
2023
·
IF 2.2
Wangping Wu,Dingkai Xie,Jiaqi Huang,Qinqin Wang,Qing Chen,Junjun Huang
Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) is an engineering composites with excellent performance. The adhesion strength of nickel layer on CFRP composite was enhanced by pretreatment processes, including sandblasting and activation. The surface roughness, wettability, phase and microstructure of the CRFP and the layer were determined by surface profile-meter, goniometer, X-ray diffraction and scanning electronic microscopy, respectively. The adhesion force of nickel layer on CFRP composite was estimated by 3 M tape and pull-out test. The results showed that electroless nickel layer was composed of crystalline phase with small grain size, which belonged to medium-phosphorus deposits. The sandblasting improved the surface roughness and wettability of CFRP surface and rendered hydrophobic surface hydrophilic. The surface roughness of CFRP composites after sandblasting was enhanced by about 60.2%, at the same time the adhesion strength of the layer metalized CFRP composites after sandblasting was improved by 131%. After 3 M tape test, the adhesion state of nickel-CFRP composites with and without sandblasting could be qualitatively classified as grade 5B and 1B, respectively. The good adhesion of nickel layer on CFRP composite was generated from the increase in the surface roughness of CFRP composites after sandblasting and chemical activation, resulting in hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds. The lightning strike test showed that electroless nickel layer did not provide sufficient protection for the sandblasted CFRP composite when subjected to an big impulse current of up to 40 kA current peak and 8–20 μs duration due to the high electrical resistivity.
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DOI
高影响因子
MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS
·
2024
·
IF 4.2
Siyun Liang,Yuhang Sun,Peiwen Yang,Qingfu Su,Gang Li,Xiaoping Yang,Xiaobiao Zuo
Perylenediimide-chitosan/γ-poly (glutamic acid) microcapsules sizing (PDI-CS/γ-PGA) core–shell microcapsule is designed and used to establish a novel interphase in carbon fiber/epoxy (CF/EP) composite, and the interfacial property, as well as the damage self-reporting of the composite, is compared with desized carbon fiber (CF-desized)/EP and commercial carbon fiber (CF-COM)/EP composite. The ruptured PDI-CS/γ-PGA microcapsule exhibits strong “turn-on” green fluorescence from the released PDI upon mechanical stimuli. The anchoring of PDI-CS/γ-PGA microcapsule on carbon fiber with PDI-CS/γ-PGA microcapsules sizing (CF@PDI-CS/γ-PGA) surface results in increased chemical activity and roughness, exhibiting a weak green fluorescence signal instead of non-fluorescence on CF-desized and CF-COM surface. The transverse fiber bundle tensile (TFBT) strength of CF@PDI-CS/γ-PGA composite is 80.97% and 31.09% higher than those of CF-desized/EP and CF-COM/EP composite, which is attributed to the mechanical interlocking and chemical bonding interaction between carbon fiber and epoxy matrix by introducing PDI-CS/γ-PGA microcapsule with spherular structure and active groups. After microdroplet testing, the strong “turn-on” green fluorescence signal of the released PDI from the microcapsules is detected in the interfacial debonding regions, realizing the microscopic damage self-reporting of CF@PDI-CS/γ-PGA composite.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 9.9
Wenzheng Jiang,Na Zhang,Shaokai Hu,Shengzong Ci,Hailing Cong,Junwei Yu,Deming Zhao,Kun Qiao
Cross-ply layup enhances CFRP through-thickness thermal conductivity by 5.46–23.40% without fillers. • Novel “effective heat transfer volume” theory explains enhanced Z-direction conduction pathways. • Predictive model for Z-direction heat flux with <±4% error captures key interactions. The thermal performance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites is critical for engineering thermal management applications. This study investigates how layup configurations influence through-thickness (Z-direction) thermal conductivity and elucidates the underlying mechanisms. Thermal conductivity was measured using the laser flash method and the transient plane source technique. These measurements were validated through water droplet evaporation experiments and infrared thermal imaging. Cross-ply laminates exhibited higher Z-direction thermal conductivity than unidirectional laminates, with increases of 5.46% in thin specimens and 23.40% in thick specimens. Through finite element analysis (FEA), the regulation of heat flow distribution by carbon fibers in the resin matrix was investigated. Based on these results, the “effective heat transfer volume” concept was proposed for the first time. Specifically, the spatial arrangement and distribution of fibers influence the resin-matrix-dominated heat conduction pathways. At fiber spacings of 1–13 μm, cross-ply and angle-ply layups exhibit higher through-thickness thermal conductivity than unidirectional layups due to an increased effective heat transfer volume. Mathematical models were developed to predict the Z-direction heat flux for unidirectional, cross-ply, and angle-ply (±45°) configurations, based on the thermal conductivities of the carbon fibers and resin matrix as well as the fiber volume fraction. The models demonstrate excellent fit (R 2 > 0.98) and high accuracy (errors < ±4%). These findings provide a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for structural optimization of CFRP composites in thermal management, such as electric vehicle battery encapsulation and 5G base station heat dissipation. Download: Download high-res image (386KB) Download: Download full-size image
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DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
·
2026
·
IF 7.8
Jinheng Zhang,Xueling Liang,Ning Yang,Shuying Shi,Wenjing Xu,Kecheng Zhou,Jing Song,Boris Fedulov,Alexey Fedorenko,Hao Liu,Fei Cheng
Reliable bonding between titanium alloy (Ti) and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is crucial in applications such as aero-engine blades. However, the smooth native oxide film on the Ti substrate surface and the inherent brittleness of the epoxy adhesive layer can readily lead to interfacial debonding failure. This study proposed an integrated surface treatment process combining laser engraving, electrospinning, and resin pre-coating (RPC). Laser engraving was employed to generate regular protrusions and micro-channels on Ti substrate surface, thereby providing mechanical anchoring sites and quasi-vertical infiltration spaces for epoxy resin. Electrospinning was then utilized to deposit a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fiber web with a controllable areal density (0.2–1.0 g/m 2 ) onto the engraved surface, forming a three-dimensional porous network. Subsequently, the RPC treatment reduced the micro-void defects caused by the intrinsic hydrophobicity of PVDF, ensuring improved resin infiltration and establishing quasi-Z-directional fiber bridging. This approach was designed to construct a spider-web-like PVDF fiber film reinforcement structure at the bonding interface. Surface analysis demonstrated that the combined treatment effectively modulated the surface morphology, roughness, and wettability. Single lap shear tests revealed that the PVDF 0.4 -Ti/CFRP composite (laser engraving + 0.4 g/m 2 PVDF fiber web + RPC) achieved a shear strength of 26.8 MPa, representing a 137.2% increase over the untreated control. Failure mode analysis further revealed that the failure mechanism transitioned from interfacial debonding to CFRP interlaminar tearing, confirming the effectiveness of the PVDF fiber web as an interfacial reinforcement and providing a new pathway for high-performance Ti/CFRP joining.
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DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Ge Hongwei,Liu Fanqi,Mo Wenjie,Shen Rongji,Zhou Li,Zeng Yanning
Epoxy vitrimers combining recyclability
with advanced
functional
properties represent a key direction for sustainable high-performance
polymers. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of biobased epoxy
vitrimers derived from biobased epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a
major green tea polyphenol. An EGCG-based epoxy monomer (EGCG-EP)
was synthesized and subsequently cross-linked with a bifunctional
thiol-containing cross-linker via epoxy-thiol “click”
chemistry, producing a series of epoxy vitrimers (EGB- x ). The abundant aromatic structure of EGCG imparts exceptional multifunctional
properties, including intrinsic flame retardancy (UL-94 V-0 rating,
LOI up to 28.5%), broad-spectrum UV-blocking (full shielding in the
200∼400 nm range), strong antioxidant activity (radical scavenging
efficiency >95% within 10 min), and effective antibacterial activity
against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli . Meanwhile, the dynamic boronic
ester bonds enable rapid stress relaxation, efficient self-healing
(95% efficiency), and complete reprocessability under mild conditions
without compromising mechanical performance. The EGB- x also exhibits excellent thermal stability, solvent resistance, and
chemical recyclability, allowing for nondestructive recovery of carbon
fibers from its composites.
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DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）