INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2024
·
IF 5.6
Junhong Wang,Dongming Lan,Junping Zhuang,Yonghua Wang
Fruit shell biomass is an agricultural waste that could be valorised into various value-added chemicals. However, the intertwined structure between lignin and holocellulose limits free sugar generation for further fermentation, requiring efficient pretreatment for selective delignification. We pretreated Camellia oleifera shell by ethanolamine-based solvents (binary deep eutectic solvents and single ethanolamine or its derivatives), and compared pretreatment effectiveness of these solvents. Single ethanolamine was the best among ethanolamine-based solvents, indicating the unnecessity of deep eutectic solvent synthesis. Furthermore, structural characterization confirms that ethanolamine could effectively deconstruct Camellia oleifera shell with the highest delignification (76.46%) and sugar yields (83.73% for glucose and 66.87% for xylose) at 130 °C for 3 h. Additionally, correlation analysis suggests that alkalinity and proton dissociation capacity together determined the delignification capacity of ethanolamine. Our findings serve a potential solution to valorise the waste fruit shell lignocellulose resources.
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Oil Crop Science
·
2026
·
IF 4.4
Zhenxia Xu,Shuaijun Lu,Yufei Liu,Weijuan Su,Xiaoyang Xia,Nanjie Jiang,Xia Xiang
Camellia oleifera seed oil (CSO) is widely appreciated for its nutritional and functional properties, yet its quality is strongly affected by processing and storage conditions. In this study, seven CSO samples originating from different sources were systematically evaluated for physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, lipid composition, antioxidant capacity, and volatile flavor profiles. Pronounced differences were observed among the samples. Sample S5 exhibited the highest oxidative deterioration due to long-term storage, with elevated acid value (2.27 mg KOH/g) and peroxide value (2.98 g/100 g). In contrast, sample S2 showed the greatest oxidative stability (induction period of 10.88 h) and superior in vitro antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS), which was closely associated with its higher contents of carotenoids, tocopherols, and total phenolics. All CSO samples were characterized by a high oleic acid content (76.19%-81.99%). The lipidomic analysis revealed 5 classes and 32 subclasses of lipids among 354 species, with triacylglycerols and fatty acids as the dominant types. Volatile analysis using HS-SPME-GC-MS identified 81 aroma compounds, with aldehydes, alcohols, acids, lipid-derived compounds, and furans as the main contributors. This study elucidated the intrinsic quality differences among various CSO and provided a robust theoretical foundation for a comprehensive understanding of their nutritional attributes and sensory diversity.
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Food Quality and Safety
·
2022
·
IF 3.949
Cai Chenggang,Chang Guoli,Zhang Nianhua,Wang Junlin,Wang Liyuan,Wu Pinggu,Yang Dajin
ObjectivesPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol ester (3-MCPDE) were studied in camellia oil. It is important to study the changes in the content of PAHs and 3-MCPDE at different refining stages (from crude oil to the final refined oil product) to elucidate the influence of the refining procedures on their change.Materials and methodsThe PAHs and 3-MCPDE in camellia oil from different refining stages (from crude oil to the product) of a plant were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and calculated by the internal standard method.ResultsThe overall PAH content was (79.64±2.43) µg/kg in crude camellia oil. After refining treatment, the PAH content decreased to (18.75±0.55) µg/kg. The 3-MCPDE content increased during the refining process from 0 mg/kg in the crude oil to 4.62 mg/kg in the refined oil product.ConclusionsThis is the first study to simultaneously monitor changes in both PAH and 3-MCPDE contents during the production of camellia oil. These results confirmed the effectiveness of the refining method on PAH removal and the increase in 3-MCPDE at high temperature. It is suggested that novel processing methods or refining parameters need further optimization to decrease the overall concentrations of PAHs and 3-MCPDE in camellia oil.
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LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 4.952
Weiping Jin,Yijun Pan,Yi Wu,Chunling Chen,Wei Xu,Dengfeng Peng,Qingrong Huang
Camellia oleifera seed oil contains nearly 80% oleic acid , which accounts for health-benefits, and it is stored in the subcellular oil bodies (OBs) organelles. To utilize C. oleifera OBs as a dietary supplement of unsaturated fatty acid , the physical properties need to be investigated. The physical stabilities of extracted OBs against ionic strength (0.01–1M) and temperature (30–90 °C) were evaluated via Turbiscan analysis and confocal microscope. The results showed that OBs extracted at alkaline conditions (pH 9.0–11) exhibited uniform dispersion. The surface charge of the OBs decreased dramatically with increasing NaCl content, and OBs droplet aggregation occurred under a NaCl concentration of 0.1 mol/L. Moreover, high temperature (up to 90 °C) had a positive effect on OBs stability. Overall, OBs extracted under alkaline pH were more stable than those extracted under neutral pH. Differences in the interfacial proteins of OBs extracted at the neutral and alkaline pHs were studied via sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Six types of oleosins, including Ole Ⅲ, the fragment of Ole Ⅱ, oleosin, Ole Ⅳ, Ole Ⅴ, and Ole Ⅰ, were found in the extracted membrane proteins. Oleosins and some coextracted endogenous proteins played a certain role in OBs stability.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES
·
2019
·
IF 1.398
Guang-Long Yao,Wei He,You-Gen Wu,Jian Chen,Xin-Wen Hu,Jing Yu
This study aimed to analyze the effect of hydrogen peroxide decolorization on the structure and functional characteristics of tea meal protein to provide some theoretical basis for the utilization of tea meal protein. The changes in the protein structure and function before and after decolorization were evaluated by measuring denaturation temperature, surface hydrophobicity, and sulfhydryl content and by analyzing infrared spectrum, X-ray diffraction peak, and microstructure, etc. Results showed that decolorization with hydrogen peroxide increased the surface hydrophobicity, decreased the sulfhydryl content, and did not change the disulfide bond content. The treatment weakened the chemical bond strength but did not affect the basic skeleton structure. The microstructure as well as the position and intensity of the X-ray diffraction peak of the protein from Camellia oleracea seed cake remained the same before and after the treatment. The heat denaturation temperature also increased. Hydrogen peroxide did not change the isoelectric point; decreased the solubility, emulsifying properties, emulsion stability, foaming ability, and foam stability of the protein; and increased the oil and water holding capacities. Overall, decolorization with hydrogen peroxide did not significantly affect the protein structure but changed its functional properties.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
Miral Javed,Yanqun Xu,Haixin Sun,Huang Hao,Dong Li,Anam Matloob,Yan Xiaowei,Zisheng Luo
Lately, emulsions with low-fat and natural stabilizers are predominant. This study extracted the nano cellulose crystals (NCs) from Camellia Oleifera shells, and their gallic acid (GA) conjugates were synthesized by free-radical grafting. Pickering emulsions were prepared using NCs 1 %, 1.5 %, 2.5 %, and gallic acid conjugates NC-GA1, NC-GA2, and NC-GA3 as stabilizers. The obtained nano cellulose crystals exhibited 18–25 nm, −40.01 ± 2.45 size, and zeta potential , respectively. The contact angle of 83.4° was exhibited by NC-GA3 conjugates. The rheological, interfacial, and microstructural properties and stability of the Pickering emulsion were explored. NC-GA3 displayed the highest absorption content of 79.12 %. Interfacial tension was drastically reduced with increasing GA concentration in NC-GA conjugates. Rheological properties suggested that the low-fat NC-GA emulsions showed a viscoelastic behavior , increased viscosity, gel-like structure, and increased antioxidant properties. Moreover, NC-GA3 displayed reduced droplet size and improved emulsion temperature and storage stability (28 days) against phase separation. POV and TBARS values were reduced with the NC-GA3 ( P < 0.05). This work confirmed that grafting phenolic compounds on NCs could enhance bioactive properties, which can be used in developing low-fat functional foods. NC-GA conjugates can potentially fulfill the increasing demand for sustainable, healthy, and low-fat foods.
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PubMed
高影响因子
Minerals
·
2024
·Vol. 14
·期 6
·560
·
IF 2.2
Lijinhong Huang,Xiangrong Zeng,Chunyan Fan,Lihong Liu,Shafiq Alam,Bin Zeng,Shaomin Liu,Wanfu Huang,Ronghua Shu
It is important to recover La3+from metallurgical solutions or wastewater. However, the recovery rate of La3+is usually less than 1% and the recovery methods are not environmentally friendly or user-friendly. Therefore, a straightforward, efficient, clean, and economically friendly method is needed. In this investigation, a modified adsorbent, COSAC-Na2EDTA-15, which was made from theCamellia oleiferashell (COS) and disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Na2EDTA), was invented. In addition, characterization of the COSAC-Na2EDTA-15 adsorbent was conducted using SEM and XPS, and the principle of adsorption was revealed. The adsorption kinetics followed P-S-O KM, while the isotherm of COS-activated carbon (COSAC) aligned more closely with the Langmuir model. Compared to COSAC, the maximum La3+adsorption capacity of COSAC-Na2EDTA-15 increased from 50 to 162.43 mg/g, and the content of O and N changed from 7.31% and 1.48% to 12.64% and 4.15%, respectively. The surface of the COSAC-Na2EDTA-15 exhibited abundant C, N, and O elements, and La3+was detected on the sample surface after adsorption. The test and analysis results fully indicate that La3+can be successfully adsorbed on the surface of COSAC-Na2EDTA-15. Because of its easy preparation, low cost, and superior performance, activated carbon made from COS finds extensive applications in the adsorption and recovery of rare earth elements.
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Polymers
·
2024
·Vol. 16
·期 7
·1016
·
IF 4.7
Nan Jiang,Yudi Hu,Yuhang Cheng
Nanocellulose materials have been widely used in biomedicine, food packaging, aerospace, composite material, and other fields. In this work, cellulose obtained from Camellia shells through alkali boiling and subbleaching was micro-dissolved and regenerated using the DMAc (N,N-Dimethylacetamide)/LiCl system, and TOCNs (TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers) with different degrees of oxidation. The membrane was prepared by filtration of polytetrafluoroethylene (pore size 0.1 μm), and the oxidized nanocellulose film was obtained after drying, Then, the crystallinity, mechanical properties and oxygen barrier properties of the TOCN film were investigated. Furthermore, based on TS (tea saponin) fromCamellia oleiferaseed cake and TOCNs, TS-TOCN film was prepared by the heterogeneous reaction. The TS-TOCN film not only shows excellent oxygen barrier properties (the oxygen permeability is 2.88 cc·m−2·d−1) but also has good antibacterial effects on both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The antibacterial property is comparable to ZnO-TOCN with the same antibacterial content prepared by the in-situ deposition method. Antioxidant activity tests in vitro showed that TS-TOCN had a significant scavenging effect on DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radicals. This design strategy makes it possible for inexpensive and abundantCamellia oleiferaremainders to be widely used in the field of biobased materials.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Tao Yang,Rui He,Qiuyu Xia,Ilaria Cacciotti,Sameh A. Korma,Weimin Zhang,Guohui Yi
Tea ( Camellia oleifera Abel) seed oil (TSO) has antioxidant and pharmacological properties. In this study, TSO was obtained from tea seeds by subcritical n- butane extraction (SBE), which is an environmentally friendly method. The oil yield, quality characteristics, and chemical composition of the extracted TSO were compared with those of oils obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCDE) and conventional cold pressing (CP). The TSO yield from SBE (51.35 %) was similar to that from SCDE (50.30 %), but higher than that from CP (31.82 %). TSO from SBE had better oxidative stability than that from SCDE and a lower toxic aldehyde content (0.41 mg/L) than that from SCDE (0.71 mg/L) and CP (2.67 mg/L). Moreover, TSO from SBE had relatively high tocopherols (26.20 mg/100 g) and phytosterols (842.25 mg/100 g) contents. Based on these findings, SBE is a promising method for obtaining high-quality TSO enriched with tocopherols and phytosterols.
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SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
·
2024
·
IF 3.9
Qingbo Kong,Tao Chen,Heng Wang,Shiheng Zheng,Haizhou Wang,Heng Liang,Lijun Zhou,Hongyu Yang,Xiaoyu Jiang,Chunbang Ding,Shiling Feng
Camellia oleifera Abel . is a unique and important edible oil crop in China. The quality and high yield of C. oleifera are closely related to cultivation, management and back-end processing and storage. However, studies on the growth and development, drying treatment and back-end storage of C. oleifera are not comprehensive enough. Therefore, the phenotypic characteristics of C.oleifera fruits during growth and ripening were studied and the effects of four different drying methods including room temperature drying (SW), hot air drying (RF, 65 °C), vacuum drying (ZG, 50 °C, 0.6 Mpa) and freeze drying (LD) on the oil content of C.oleifera seeds (COS) were discussed. At the same time, the changes of the main components and nutrients of C.oleifera kernel oil (COKO) under room temperature storage (SG) and 4 °C frozen storage (LC) were also investigated. The results of the study showed that C. oleifera cultivar ‘Changlin40’ exhibited an S-shaped curve in fruit growth and development. In addition, the oil content initially increased and then remained stable, and the soluble protein and starch contents increased with increasing fruit maturity, but the soluble sugar content increased rapidly at the early stage of fruit development and gradually decreased at the later stage. The maximum content of squalene in the oil obtained by vacuum drying was 80.578 μg/g. The oil content of COS treated by RF was 55.31%, significantly higher than the other treatments. In addition, it was also found that with increasing duration of SG, the acid and peroxide values of COKO increased significantly and the nutrients such as tocopherol, squalene and sterol decreased significantly, which was exactly the opposite of LC, indicating that LC could reduce the loss of nutrients during storage. This study can provide a theoretical basis for field management, screening of drying methods and subsequent storage of C. oleifera .
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ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2026
·Vol. 8
·期 14
·11654-11668
·
IF 5.2
Huang Junjie,Long Haibo,Gu Jin,Zhou Yonghui,Lin Xiuyi,Xu Jiangtao,Hu Chuanshuang
Lignocellulosic
residues, particularly those with a high hemicellulose
content, represent a hitherto underutilized resource for the production
of functional materials. Camellia oleifera shells (COS) have been identified as a potentially valuable feedstock
for the production of value-added materials. In this study, carbon
quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized efficiently from COS holocellulose
(COSH) by a microwave-assisted method using urea and malic acid as
auxiliary reagents. The obtained carbon quantum dots (CQDs) exhibited
uniform particle sizes (3–5 nm), clear lattice fringes, and
abundant surface functional groups, together contributing to pronounced
pH-dependent fluorescence behavior. Meanwhile, the preparation of
biodegradable regenerated COSH films (rCF) involved the dissolution
and regeneration of COSH in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl).
The incorporation of 2 wt % ascorbic acid during the dissolution process
has been shown to effectively mitigate thermo-oxidative degradation,
thereby facilitating the regeneration of films that exhibit enhanced
crystallinity, a more compact structure, and augmented mechanical
strength (up to 92.19 MPa). The anchoring of CQDs onto rCF resulted
in the fabrication of a flexible and fully biodegradable pH-responsive
composite film. The resulting CQD-loaded regenerated COSH film (C-rCF)
exhibited rapid, reversible, and visually distinguishable fluorescence
changes over a pH range of 3–11. This study provides an efficient
and environmentally friendly route for converting agricultural waste
into functional holocellulose-based materials, offering a basis for
the development of a biodegradable fluorescent composite film.
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2026
·
IF 6.4
Wei Wu,Yunzhu Chen,Lijuan Jiang,Peiwang Li,Yan Yang,Wenyan Yuan,Zhihong Xiao,Xiao Zhou,Qiang Liu,Wenbin Zeng,Luhong Zhang,Jingzhen Chen,Changzhu Li
SHSL was mined from Streptomyces sp. CL10 and expressed as an alkaline lipase. • LC-MS showed TAG depletion, DAG enrichment, and low MAG in Camellia oleifera oil. • Triolein, diolein, and monoolein were used to model acylglycerol recognition. • Docking showed substrate-dependent positioning in the SHSL catalytic groove. • MD revealed triolein-favored catalytic geometry for TAG-to-DAG redistribution. Enzymatic modification of woody plant oils can improve their functional glyceride composition and expand their value in lipid-based applications. In this study, a hormone-sensitive lipase, SHSL, was identified from Streptomyces sp. CL10 through genome mining and domain/motif-based screening. Recombinant SHSL showed alkaline lipase activity, with an optimal temperature of 45°C and an optimal pH of 8.0. LC-MS analysis showed that SHSL treatment reshaped the detected glyceride pool of Camellia oleifera oil, characterized by TAG depletion, DAG enrichment, and low MAG levels. Docking and 120-ns MD simulations indicated that SHSL accommodated oleoyl-rich TAG in a more favorable catalytic geometry than downstream DAG and MAG substrates, involving Ser150 proximity and oxyanion-hole stabilization. These results provide a structural interpretation for TAG-to-DAG-biased redistribution and support SHSL as a candidate biocatalyst for enzymatic modification of C. oleifera oil. Download: Download high-res image (212KB) Download: Download full-size image
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