Fishes
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2026
·Vol. 11
·期 5
·273
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IF 2.9
Tianwei Wang,Yongxiang Yu,Chunyuan Wang,Yingeng Wang,Zhiqi Zhang,Xiaojun Rong,Meijie Liao,Kun Hu,Zheng Zhang
The inappropriate use of antibiotics in aquaculture has exacerbated antimicrobial resistance in pathogens, thereby reducing the efficiency of aquaculture production. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective antibiotic alternatives capable of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria. Against this background, the present study investigated the efficacy and underlying mechanism of carvacrol againstVibrio harveyiin the mariculture of the marine fishSebastes schlegelii, aiming to provide data support for the development of green fishery drugs to replace antibiotics. The results indicated that pre-treatment with carvacrol increased the survival rate of infectedS. schlegelii. Meanwhile, post-infection administration of carvacrol alleviated intestinal pathological damage. Carvacrol regulated host immunity by modulating the transcription of the immune-related genesNF-κB/RelAandIL-15. Carvacrol did not significantly alter the activities of SOD, MDA, or CAT, suggesting that the oxidative defense pathway was not primarily involved. Analysis of intestinalVibrioload confirmed that carvacrol could inhibit the growth and colonization of intestinalVibrio, thereby maintaining microbial homeostasis. Immunohistochemistry and peripheral blood flow cytometry showed that carvacrol enhanced the adaptive immunity of fish by increasing the proportions of CD4-1+T cells and CD79a/CD79b+B cells in tissues and peripheral blood. In conclusion, carvacrol enhances the resistance ofS. schlegeliiagainstV. harveyiby inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, improving intestinal morphological structure, reducing pathogenic bacterial load to maintain microbial homeostasis, and enhancing the adaptive immunity of the organism. This study provides a theoretical basis and data support for the substitution of antibiotics and the development of green feed additives in aquaculture.
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JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH
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2024
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IF 2.7
Yan Wang,Leiqing Pan,Kang Tu
Nectarine fruits are rich in nutrients, which are susceptible to fungal infection during postharvest, resulting in quality deterioration and decay. This study aimed to assess the effect of different concentrations of carvacrol and soy protein isolate coatings on the fungal infection and quality characteristics of nectarines during postharvest storage. The results showed that soy protein isolate carvacrol (SPI-C) coating inhibited the growth of Rhizopus stolonifer in vitro. The SPI-C coating significantly reduced the incidence of postharvest soft rot, maintained the postharvest quality of nectarines during storage. SPI-C coating induces the defense response to soft rot by enhancing the accumulation of phenolic, flavonoids and lignin, and up-regulating the expression of defense-related genes in nectarines. The SPI-C coating activated the transcription of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD and POD) and eliminated ROS damage. The disease resistance response promotes the production of defense-related substances by upregulating the gene expression of PpPPO and PpPAL . In summary, SPI-C coating significantly reduces the incidence of postharvest soft rot, maintains the postharvest quality and induces defense response to soft rot by enhancing the expression of genes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism in nectarines during storage.
研究领域:
食品科学
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植物病理学
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采后技术
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Foods
·
2021
·Vol. 11
·期 1
·93
·
IF 4.35
Chenling Qu,Zhuozhen Li,Xiupin Wang
Aspergillus flavusis a common contaminant in grain, oil and their products. Its metabolite aflatoxin B1(AFB1) has been proved to be highly carcinogenic. Therefore, it is of great importance to find possible antifungal substances to inhibit the growth and toxin production ofAspergillus flavus. Carvacrol (CV) was reported as a potent antifungal monoterpene derived from plants. In this paper, the antifungal effects and mechanism of CV onAspergillus flavuswere investigated. CV was shown good inhibition on the growth ofAspergillus flavusand the production of AFB1. CV used in concentrations ranging from 0, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL inhibited the germination of spores, mycelia growth and AFB1production dose-dependently. To explore the antifungal mechanism of CV onAspergillus flavus, we also detected the ergosterol content ofAspergillus flavusmycelia, employed Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to observe mycelia morphology and utilized Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) to explore the lipidome profiles ofAspergillus flavus. The results showed that the production of ergosterol of mycelia was reduced as the CV treatment concentration increased. SEM photographs demonstrated a rough surface and a reduction in the thickness of hyphae inAspergillus flavustreated with CV (200 µg/mL). In positive ion mode, 21 lipids ofAspergillus flavusmycelium were downregulated, and 11 lipids were upregulated after treatment with 200-µg/mL CV. In negative ion mode, nine lipids ofAspergillus flavusmycelium were downregulated, and seven lipids upregulated after treatment with 200-µg/mL CV. In addition, the analysis of different lipid metabolic pathways between the control and 200-µg/mL CV-treated groups demonstrated that glycerophospholipid metabolism was the most enriched pathway related to CV treatment.Keywords:Aspergillus flavus;carvacrol;untargeted lipidomics;ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS);antifungal activity
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
Jing Li,Xiaoqin Shi,Kang Yang,Lang Guo,Junjie Yang,Zhengyu Lan,Yong Guo,Longquan Xiao,Xinhui Wang
In this study, carvacrol was effectively encapsulated in gelatin/chitosan composite nanofiber membrane using the electrospinning method with the help of the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The effects of CTAB (0.0%, 1.0%, w/w) and bioactive carvacrol (0.0%, 1.0%, 3.0%, 5.0%, 7.0%, 10.0%, w/w) on the structural, physicomechanical, antibacterial, and antioxidant characteristics of the nanofiber membranes were investigated. The results demonstrated that the antibacterial and antioxidant characteristics of the gelatin/chitosan composite nanofiber membrane (GC) and GC-CAR membrane (with the addition of 1.0% carvacrol) were unsatisfactory. As carvacrol and CTAB were both added, the elongation at break, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of the nanofiber membranes significantly improved (p < 0.05), while the water vapor permeability (WVP) significantly decreased (p < 0.05). When the added amount of carvacrol was 5.0% (w/w), the nanofiber membrane (GC-CAR5-CTAB) exhibited the best antioxidant and antibacterial performance. Finally, the GC-CAR5-CTAB membrane was applied to the preservation of strawberries and Erjingtiao chilies, and their shelf life was effectively extended. The above results indicate that the nanofiber membrane prepared in this study has great potential for application in food-active packaging.
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PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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2025
·
IF 4
Xuemei Lu,Ke Hu,Minggui Ou,Min Li,Xinchun Zhang,Xingyu Zhan,Xun Liao,Ming Li,Rongyu Li
The soft rot disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum leads to a significant reduction in the yield of Dendrobium officinale . However, research into the synergistic inhibitory effect of essential oils in D. officinale is extremely limited. In this study, we systematically investigated the direct and indirect inhibitory activity of carvacrol, citral and their combination against F. oxysporum , and their synergistic inhibitory mechanism. Carvacrol and citral exhibited significant direct and indirect inhibitory activity against F. oxysporum with EC 50 values of 54.37 mg/L and 119.32 mg/L (direct), 18.01 μL/(L•air) and 48.70 μL/(L•air) (indirect). Synergistic analysis revealed that the optimal synergistic toxicity of carvacrol and citral combination (Ca•Ci) against F. oxysporum was 10:1, with co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) of 131.57 and EC 50 value of 44.24 mg/L. Microscopy confirmed that the Ca•Ci led to more significant tip constriction, uneven surfaces and serious rupture of F. oxysporum mycelia than single compound. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that Ca•Ci also caused significant ultrastructural alterations to F. oxysporum , manifesting as cytoplasmic disorganization and partial organellar disintegration. Moreover, Ca•Ci dramatically increased the sensitivity of F. oxysporum to calcofluor white compared with a single compound. Ca•Ci also considerably upregulated the expression of chitinase-related gene ( FOXG _12882) and β -1,3-glucanase-related gene ( FOXG _10637) in F. oxysporum , resulting in higher chitinase and β -1,3-glucanase activity. However, it should be noted that carvacrol exerted a greater contribution than citral. In conclusion, the combination of carvacrol and citral greatly disrupted the cell wall integrity of F. oxysporum , thereby exhibiting a synergistic effect.
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
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2022
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IF 10.723
Haoyue Ning,Lixin Lu,Jing Xu,Lijing Lu,Liao Pan,Zidong Lin
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different concentrations of the amine-functionalized isoreticular metal-organic framework-3 loaded with carvacrol (IRMOF-3/CA) on the properties of sodium alginate (SA) composite films, thus determining the optimal addition amount and further preparing bioactive packaging film with antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The morphology, structure, physical properties, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the films were characterized and analyzed. The results showed that the thermal stability and light barrier property of the films were improved by the addition of IRMOF-3/CA. When the additional concentration was 0.4 wt%, the tensile, water vapor barrier and hydrophobic properties of the films were increased by 30.13%, 9.06% and 46.43% respectively compared with those of pure SA film. Moreover, the film added with IRMOF-3/CA had sustained antioxidant and antibacterial activities , and had an apparent fresh-keeping effect on pork, suggesting its application potential in food packaging.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2022
·
IF 8.025
Longquan Xiao,Shuai Kang,Molazi Lapu,Peng Jiang,Xinhui Wang,Dayu Liu,Jing Li,Mingxue Liu
In this research, the common microorganisms in chilled meat were used as the targeted antibacterial objects. Chitosan, pullulan, and carvacrol were chosen to prepare the edible antibacterial film. The effects of different concentrations of carvacrol on the microstructure, physical properties and antibacterial properties of the films were investigated. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of chitosan/pullulan film (CS/PU) was unsatisfactory, when carvacrol was added, the antibacterial activity of the chitosan/pullulan/carvacrol film (CS/PU/CAR) improved significantly ( p < 0.05 ), and the water vapor permeability (WVP) of the CS/PU/CAR decreased significantly ( p < 0.05 ). When the carvacrol concentration was higher than 1.25% (w/v), the tensile strength and percentage elongation at break of the CS/PU/CAR increased significantly ( p < 0.05 ), and the CS/PU/CAR exhibited satisfying antibacterial activity against the common bacteria in chilled meat such as Pseudomonas fluorescens , Listeria monocytogenes , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas putida , Enterobacter cloacae , and Staphylococcus aureus . Finally, the CS/PU/CAR film was applied to the preservation of chilled goat meat and extended the shelf life of goat meat to more than 15 days. These results suggested that the targeted CS/PU/CAR film can be used as biodegradable films for the active packaging of chilled meat.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2025
·
IF 8.5
Chao Li,Fengxian Wang,Pengfei Xiang,Fatang Jiang,Man Xiao
To address exudate accumulation and enhance the preservation of chilled pork, a biodegradable aerogel composed of konjac glucomannan (KGM), xanthan gum (XG), bamboo fiber (BF), and varying concentrations of carvacrol (CV) was developed. The aerogels were characterized by their microstructure and properties, which exhibited rapid water absorption and good mechanical performance in both dry and wet states. The incorporation of CV endowed the aerogels with antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus and antioxidant properties, as demonstrated by DPPH radical scavenging activity. Additionally, the aerogels exhibited soil biodegradability. When applied as absorbent pads for chilled pork preservation, the aerogels significantly inhibited the increase in total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA), and total viable counts (TVC) after 24 h of storage. Moreover, the aerogels extended the pork's shelf life to 9 days at 4 °C, surpassing the 5-day shelf life achieved with commercial pads. These results underscore the aerogels' potential as absorbent pads for preserving chilled pork, offering effective solutions for both short- and long-term storage applications.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
Hao Zheng,Lei Chen,Tianhao Liu,Mengyao Liu,Yueqiang Yang,Guoying Liu,Hangqi Zhao,Pengrui Chen,Shaotong Fu,Yanhua Zhang,Jun Shen
Herein, carvacrol (CRV) and modified cellulose nanocrystal–zinc oxide (CNC–ZnO) were incorporated into a poly (lactic acid) (PLA) matrix to prepare a PLA-based composite film using a simple solution casting method to achieve antimicrobial effects for application in antimicrobial food packaging. Compared with films obtained from neat PLA, the PLA@CRV 20% @CNC–ZnO 3% composite film shows better performance in terms of mechanical properties, ultraviolet (UV) blocking, and antimicrobial effects. The PLA composites containing CRV and 3 wt% CNC–ZnO blends exhibit improved tensile strength (21.8 MPa) and elongation at break (403.1 %) as well as excellent UV resistance. In particular, CRV and the CNC–ZnO hybrid endow the obtained PLA composite films with a synergistic antibacterial effect, resulting in good antibacterial properties for microbes, such as Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger . The diameters of the inhibition zone of the PLA@CRV 20% @CNC–ZnO 3% composite films against E. coli , S. aureus , and A. niger were 4.9, 5.0, and 3.4 cm, respectively. Appling the PLA@CRV 20% @CNC–ZnO 3% composite film as an antibacterial food packaging material, the storage period for strawberries was considerably extended. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing new organic/inorganic composite antimicrobial film materials from PLA.
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PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 3.8
Handinghong Zheng,Jiaohong Li,Zhenxiang Guo,Guy Smagghe,Shunhua Gui,Xiaomao Wu,Xiangsheng Chen
BACKGROUND Rosa roxburghii produces a distinctive edible fruit renowned for its high vitamin C content and medicinal properties. Leaf brown spot is a newly identified fungal disease in R. roxburghii , causing considerable production losses in southwest China. RESULTS In this study, the pathogenic fungus causing brown spot in R. roxburghii was identified as Neopestalotiopsis saprophytica (CXCHB-2). Carvacrol, among seven selected phytocompounds, demonstrated strong antifungal activity against N. saprophytica with a 50% effective concentration (EC 50 ) of 19.72 mg L −1 . The mechanisms underlying the antifungal activity of carvacrol against N. saprophytica were investigated, and it showed that carvacrol disrupted N. saprophytica mycelium growth by inhibiting mycelial matrix, and compromising cell wall and membrane integrity. Moreover, the in vivo antifungal assays confirmed that carvacrol could inhibit the growth of N. saprophytica in R. roxburghii leaves with excellent therapeutic and protective effects (76.61% and 70.63%, respectively). Further investigations indicated that this phytocompound induced the upregulation of 24 differentially expressed genes related to the leaf hormone signal transduction of R. roxburghii , enhancing its resistance to N. saprophytica . CONCLUSION Carvacrol exhibited potent antifungal activity against N. saprophytica , causing leaf brown spot in R. roxburghii by disrupting its cell walls and membranes. Moreover, carvacrol could enhance the resistance of R. roxburghii leaves to N. saprophytica . Findings of this study suggested that carvacrol may serve as a promising plant-derived fungicide for controlling leaf brown spot in R. roxburghii leaves, providing a serviceable reference for its application in the agroforestry system. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
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JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING
·
2022
·
IF 6.203
Shurui Peng,Jiao Zhang,Tao Zhang,Subrota Hati,Haizhen Mo,Dan Xu,Hongbo Li,Liangbin Hu,Zhenbin Liu
The objective of this study was to fabricate and characterize antimicrobial films based on Agar/Konjac glucomannan (KA) incorporated with carvacrol (CV) (1%, 1.5% and 2%). The physical, structural and antimicrobial properties were studied to evaluate the effects of carvacrol on the composite films. Results indicated that the addition of 2% CV markedly enhanced the tensile strength (36.72 MPa), elongation at break (100.19%), hydrophobic properties and UV barrier properties compared with KA film. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , and scanning electron microscopy indicated good compatibility and the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Additionally, the addition of 2% CV showed strong antimicrobial activities against the most common food spoiling bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli . Finally, the potential application of the films was evaluated by the packing test of chicken, where KA-2% CV was able to prolong the shelf life of refrigerated chicken breast from 5 days to 9 days. Overall, the composite films incorporating 2% carvacrol was a promising antimicrobial packing material to displace petrochemical-based plastics to extend the shelf life of foods .
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2021
·
IF 13.273
Wenqian Nong,Yinglu Chen,Danyu Lv,Yitao Yan,Xi Zheng,Xianming Shi,Zhen Xu,Weiliang Guan,Jun Wu,Yongguang Guan
Pathogenic bacteria seriously endanger human health. Metal-organic framework (MOF)-enzyme composites are novel antibacterial materials for effective bacterial inactivation. In this study, we develop a MOF-based nanozyme hybrid for synergistic bacterial eradication, which integrates features of bacterial capture, magnetic assembly, lysozyme hydrolysis, and light-triggered thermal generation and carvacrol release. Core-shell nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 @ [email protected] 2 -MIL-88B(Fe), FPM; PVP = polyvinylpyrrolidone) are synthesized by loading PVP-modified Fe 3 O 4 to NH 2 -MIL-88B(Fe), and then covalently immobilizing lysozyme onto the FPM surface through enzymatic reaction by microbial transglutaminase. The lysozyme-covered FPM is further employed as a host matrix for loading antibacterial carvacrol to synthesize Fe 3 O 4 @ [email protected] (Fe)–NH-lysozyme/carvacrol (FPMLC) nanozyme hybrid. This FPMLC can capture bacteria by electrostatic attraction and the FPMLC-bacteria composite is then assembled by an extra magnet. The lysozyme layer can degrade peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall, and the released carvacrol can disrupt the bacterial cell membrane under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. Systematic antibacterial results demonstrate that the developed FPMLC nanozyme hybrid at a low dose of 100 μg/mL completely inactivates (100%) both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus at cell density of 10 6 CFU/mL. This FPMLC exhibits high-efficiency antibacterial efficacy but no significant cytotoxicity in vitro , and therefore provides promising antibacterial applications in biomedical, environmental, and food fields.
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