CHEMOSPHERE
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2024
·
IF 8.1
Jingjing Chang,Peiling Wei,Meng Tian,Ying Zou,Shenghua Zhang
Screening for sensitive toxicological indicators and understanding algal tolerance to pharmaceutical contaminants (PhCs) are essential for assessing PhCs risk and their removal by microalgae . Carbamazepine (CBZ) showed adverse effects on microalgae , but the specific toxicity mechanisms on the most sensitive algal photosynthetic system (PS) remain limited. This study delved into the impact of CBZ exposure on the growth, cell viability , pigment content, and PS of Chlorella vulgaris . The findings revealed a notable inhibition of C. vulgaris growth by CBZ, with an IC 50 value of 27.2 mg/L at 96 h. CBZ exposure induced algal membrane damage and cell viability . Intriguingly, CBZ drastically diminished intracellular pigment levels, notably showing "low promotion and high inhibition" of chlorophyll b (Chl b) by 72 h. Moreover, the study identified a decreased number of active reaction centers (RCs) within algal PSII alongside inhibited electron transport from Q A to Q B on the PSII receptor side, leading to PSII disruption. As an adaptive response to CBZ stress, C. vulgaris stimulated its Chl b synthesis, increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and adapted its tolerance to bright light. Additionally, the alga attempted to compensate for the CBZ-induced reduction in electron transfer efficiency at the PSII receptor side and light energy utilization by increasing its electron transfer from downstream. Principal component analysis (PCA) further verified that the parameters on non-photochemical dissipation, electron transport, and integrative performance were the most sensitive algal toxicological indicators for CBZ exposure, and algal PS has energy protection capability through negative feedback regulation. However, prolonged exposure to high doses of CBZ will eventually result in permanent damage to the algal PS. Hence, attention should be paid to the concentration of CBZ in the effluent and the exposure time, while methods to mitigate algal photodamage should be appropriately sought for algal treatment of dense effluents.
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JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY
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2020
·Vol. 29
·期 8
·1991-2000
·
IF 2.522
Zhao Hang,Zhang Haijun,Chen Xiuyong,McDonald André,Li Hua
Thermal-sprayed aluminum (Al) coatings are widely used for corrosion protection in marine environments. The corrosive nature of seawater and the synergy with marine microbes make for aggressive service environments for Al coatings. In this study, Al coatings were deposited on 316L stainless steel (316L SS) substrates by using wire arc spraying. Chlorella vulgaris , a typical marine fouling algae, was used to investigate the effects of biofilm adhesion on the electrochemical behavior of wire arc-sprayed Al coatings in artificial seawater environment. Electrochemical measurements via dynamic potential polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to monitor the corrosion behavior after attachment of microbes on Al coatings and bare, uncoated 316L SS. Analysis of the corrosion products was conducted using scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive spectrum. The results showed that the Chlorella vulgaris biofilm slowed the corrosion of the Al coatings. This suggested that Chlorella vulgaris biofilm was a critical contributing factor to the corrosion behavior of the Al coatings. Moreover, a mechanism was suggested to illustrate the corrosion behavior of Al coatings in the presence of Chlorella vulgaris .
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ChemistrySelect
·
2025
·Vol. 10
·期 25
·e01361
·
IF 2
Yuyue Zhang,Beibei Hu,Xianqi Wang,Hongzhe Tian
Graphical The toxicity of carbon dots synthesized using cholinium bitartrate against Chlorella vulgaris was assessed.The carbon dots with low concentration present low toxicity to microalga.The oxidative stress and cell damage were the main toxic mechanisms of carbon dots to green alga. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are considered as eco-friendly nanomaterials and suitable alternatives for traditional metal quantum dots. However, their high hydrophilicity and nanoscale size of CQDs pose a significant risk to aquatic organisms considering their widespread application. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris was selected as a model organism to assess the ecotoxicity of CQDs synthesized using choline bitartrate via a pyrolysis method. The effects of the CQDs on algal growth, antioxidant activity, photosynthetic pigment, and malondialdehyde levels have been extensively studied. Algal growth was inhibited by CQDs with a median effective concentration (EC 50 ) > 271 mg/L. After 4 days of exposure, chlorophyll content, respiratory rate, and protein content of the green alga declined by 14.0–91.75%, 73.4% and 24.4%, respectively. The CQDs caused excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Chlorella vulgaris and induced oxidative stress and physical damage to the algal cells. Our findings contribute to the potential application and risks assessment of the CQDs.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2023
·Vol. 30
·期 23
·64536-64546
·
IF 5.8
Zhou Gaoxiang,Xu Limei,Wang Haoyu,Sun Aoxue,Wang Yong,Li Xiaochen,Jiang Ruixue
Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are widely used in daily life because of their antibacterial properties. A fraction of Ag-NPs are released into the ecosystem during their production and utilization. The toxicity of Ag-NPs has been reported. However, it is still disputed whether the toxicity is mainly due to the released silver ions (Ag + ). In addition, few studies have reported the response of algae to metal nanoparticles under modulation of nitric oxide (NO). In this study, Chlorella vulgaris ( C. vulgaris ) was used as a model organism to study the toxic effects of Ag-NPs and Ag + released from Ag-NPs on algae under the modulation of NO. The results showed that the biomass inhibition rate of Ag-NPs (44.84%) to C. vulgaris was higher than that of Ag + (7.84%). Compared with Ag + , Ag-NPs induced more severe damage to photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic system II (PSII) performance, and lipid peroxidation. More serious damage to cell permeability led to higher internalization of Ag under Ag-NPs stress. Application of exogenous NO reduced the inhibition ratio of photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll autofluorescence. Further, NO reduced the MDA levels by scavenging reactive oxygen species induced by Ag-NPs. NO modulated the secretion of extracellular polymers and hampered the internalization of Ag. All these results showed that NO alleviates the toxicity of Ag-NPs to C. vulgari s. However, NO did not improve the toxic effects of Ag + . Our results provide new insights into the toxicity mechanism of Ag-NPs to algae modulated by the signal molecule NO.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 11.357
Xujun Liang,Nali Zhu,Alexander Johs,Hongmei Chen,Dale A. Pelletier,Lijie Zhang,Xixiang Yin,Yuxi Gao,Jiating Zhao,Baohua Gu
As a major entry point of mercury (Hg) to aquatic food webs, algae play an important role in taking up and transforming Hg species in aquatic ecosystems. However, little is known how and to what extent Hg reduction, uptake, and species transformations are mediated by algal cells and their exudates, algal organic matter (AOM), under either sunlit or dark conditions. Here, using Chlorella vulgaris (CV) as one of the most prevalent freshwater model algal species, we show that solar irradiation could enhance the reduction of mercuric Hg(II) to elemental Hg(0) by both CV cells and AOM. AOM reduced more Hg(II) than algal cells themselves due to cell surface adsorption and uptake of Hg(II) inside the cells under solar irradiation. Synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (SR-XANES) analyses indicate that sunlight facilitated the transformation of Hg to less bioavailable species, such as β-HgS and Hg-phytochelatins, compared to Hg(Cysteine)2-like species formed in algal cells in the dark. These findings highlight important functional roles and potential mechanisms of algae in Hg reduction and immobilization under varying lighting conditions and how these processes may modulate Hg cycling and bioavailability in the aquatic environment.
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BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
·
2018
·Vol. 101
·期 3
·338-343
·
IF 1.48
Duan Kaili,Cui Meng,Wu Yanni,Huang Xueyong,Xue Ahui,Deng Xunan,Luo Liping
In the present study, Chlorella vulgaris were cultured in the presence of the common plasticizer dibutyl phthalate (DBP) with different concentrations for 10 days. The cell density, DBP concentrations, neutral lipid concentrations, and lipid morphology in C. vulgaris were studied using optical microscopy, gas chromatography (GC), fluorescence spectrophotometry, and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). We observed that the neutral lipid contents and cell density of C. vulgaris were negatively influenced by DBP of high concentrations (50 and 100 mg/L), but significantly stimulated by DBP of low concentrations (5, 10, and 20 mg/L). Lipid bodies were destroyed into pieces by DBP of high concentrations (50 and 100 mg/L), but were slightly suppressed by DBP at low concentrations (5, 10, and 20 mg/L). Chlorella vulgaris treated with DBP (50 mg/L) for 2 days showed the highest removal efficiency (31.69%). The results suggested that C. vulgaris could be used in practice to remove DBP and has the potential of being oleaginous microalgae in DBP contaminated water.
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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2018
·
IF 4.61
Huaixian Xiao,Na Liu,Ke Tian,Shixiang Liu,Fei Ge
Nanoparticles have been reported to induce toxicity to aquatic organisms, however, their potential impacts on phosphorus removal from wastewater by algae are unclear. In this study, the effects of nanoparticle ZnO (nano-ZnO) on phosphate (PO 4 3− ) removal by a green alga Chlorella vulgaris were investigated. We found that PO 4 3− removal efficiency was accelerated with high concentrations of nano-ZnO (0.04–0.15 mM) but reduced with low concentrations of nano-ZnO (0.005–0.04 mM) compared to the control (without nano-ZnO), suggesting that PO 4 3− removal efficiency by C. vulgaris was related to nano-ZnO concentrations. Moreover, we observed changes of nano-ZnO morphology and detected element P on the surface of nano-ZnO by using transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), indicating that PO 4 3− was interacted with nano-ZnO or the dissolved Zn 2+ from nano-ZnO. Furthermore, we confirmed this interaction induced the formation of Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 crystallites sedimentation by employing X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which finally accelerates the removal of PO 4 3− .
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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2018
·
IF 4.61
Jinfeng Zhao,Shixiang Liu,Na Liu,Han Zhang,Qiongzhi Zhou,Fei Ge
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in protecting cells against environmental stresses. However, little information is known about the roles of different EPS in these processes. In this study, the productions and physicochemical characterizations of soluble-EPS (S-EPS) and bound-EPS (B-EPS), the two different fractions of EPS from a green alga Chlorella vulgaris under the stress of ZnO nanoparticle (nano-ZnO) were investigated. The contents of S-EPS and B-EPS which described as dissolved organic carbon , polysaccharides and proteins, both increased with the addition of tested nano-ZnO (0.01 and 0.04 mM) in a 72 h cultivation. EPS-Free (EPS-F) cells produced more S-EPS and B-EPS than the EPS-Cover (EPS-C) cells did with the tested nano-ZnO, especially the contents of protein in the S-EPS of EPS-F cells increased by 45.5% with 0.04 mM nano-ZnO compared to the control at 72 h. Tryptophan-like substances of the protein in S-EPS exhibited a stronger chemical static quenching than tyrosine-like substances with nano-ZnO. In addition, the hydroxyl ( OH) as well as carboxyl (C O) group, and C O of amide I, N H/C N of amide II groups in proteins were confirmed that involved in the reaction of S-EPS and B-EPS with nano-ZnO, meanwhile hemiacetal groups in saccharides were oxidized to carboxyl groups. This study could provide a better understanding of EPS in protecting against cells damage with nanoparticles.
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PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
·
2024
·
IF 6.9
Cheng Zhang,Chunxin Zhang,Edwin Hena Dawolo,Bingfa Chen,Ning Ding,Hong Liu
Chlorella biochar modified with boron and copper (B/Cu-BC) was created and used to break down the antibiotic metronidazole (MNZ) through peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The physicochemical properties of B/Cu-BC were analyzed using SEM, BET, FTIR, XRD and XPS. The results showed that the modified Chlorella biochar, which included several oxygen-containing functional groups, exhibited a rise of 7.1 times in specific surface area and a rise of 8 times in pore volume compared to the unmodified variant. Under the optimal conditions, the B/Cu-BC+PMS system removed 86.6 % of MNZ in 90 min. The reaction mechanism of the system was confirmed by Quenching and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments. The B/Cu-BC+PMS system was accompanied by SO 4 • - , •OH, •O 2 - and 1 O 2 , in which •O 2 - was the main reactive oxygen species (ROS). The intermediates in the degradation process of MNZ were investigated using HPLC-MS, and two potential degradation pathways of MNZ were suggested. Finally, the toxicology of the intermediates from the MNZ degradation process was analyzed by toxicity estimation software tool. The bioconcentration coefficients and mutagenicity coefficients showed a significant decrease, indicating that the system could efficiently degrade the antibiotic MNZ in an environmentally friendly manner.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2020
·Vol. 27
·期 22
·28198-28208
·
IF 3.056
Chen Qiaohong,Zhang Li,Han Yihong,Fang Jingyun,Wang Haiying
The degradation and metabolic pathways of sulfamethazine (SMZ) and enrofloxacin (ENR) via microalgal treatment systems were investigated in this study. SMZ and ENR applied at 1–25 mg L −1 did not significantly inhibit the growth of Chlorella vulgaris or Scenedesmus obliquus . SMZ and ENR exposure did not significantly alter the maximum quantum efficiencies of C. vulgaris and S. obliquus . When cultured at light intensities of 45–50 μmol photon m −2 s −1 , the C. vulgaris and S. obliquus treatment systems achieved 24% and 11% degradation, respectively. The greatest removal of ENR was 52% and 43.3%, for C. vulgaris and S. obliquus treatment systems , respectively, after 15 days. The results indicated that the degradation of SMZ and ENR occurred by a combination of biodegradation and photolysis. Kinetic investigations revealed that the removal of SMZ and ENR (5 mg L −1 ) followed a first-order model, with apparent rate constants ( k ) ranging from 0.0141 to 0.0048 day −1 and 0.0132 to 0.0086 day −1 , respectively. Fifteen metabolites of SMZ and five intermediates of ENR were identified by UPLC-MS, and degradation pathways for SMZ and ENR were proposed. SMZ transformation reactions included ring cleavage, hydroxylation, methylation, and oxidation, whereas ENR was degraded by dealkylation, decarboxylation, and defluorination.
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Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts
·
2023
·
IF 5.1
Zhenyu Zhang,Li Wang,Yinqiang Wu,Chenshuo Li,Pengcheng Fu,Jing Liu
Microalgae , particularly Chlorella , have promising selenium (Se) enrichment capacity and great potential in wastewater treatment and the development of nutraceuticals. To acquire Chlorella strains with strong heterotrophic propensity and robust Se tolerance, this research utilized a heterotrophic isolation strategy along with a high Se concentration medium as selection factors. The combined sequence of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) was utilized for phylogenetic analysis , and comparative analysis of ITS secondary structures was also integrated to identify the desired strain. A novel subtropical microalgal strain, Chlorella vulgaris HNUFU001 with high Se tolerance, was isolated from water samples in a lake at Hainan University, China. Gaussian process regression was utilized to assess the strain's growth under varying Se concentrations. The intracellular accumulation and extracellular removal of Se were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES), respectively. The maximum intracellular organic Se (92 % of total Se) was observed as 108.835 μg/g dry weight (DW) for 1 mg/L Se treatment. The highest Se removal rate was 40 %. The high Se tolerance and enrichment traits enable Chlorella vulgaris HNUFU001 to be a promising candidate for the heterotrophic production of organic Se-related nutraceuticals.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2019
·
IF 7.65
Na Liu,Han Zhang,Jinfeng Zhao,Yin Xu,Fei Ge
Microalgae photosynthesis is sensitive to coexisted contaminates in aquatic environment, thereby causes adverse effect on algal growth and nutrients uptake. Here, we investigated the photosynthetic toxicity mechanism of cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC)-induced on a green microalga Chlorella vulgaris F1068 ( C. vulgaris F1068). Results showed that CTAC reduced the algal growth rate, nutrients removal efficiency and weakened the photosynthetic performance. Meanwhile, the efficiency of oxygen evolution complex (OEC) and oxygen evolvement rates stressed by CTAC were significantly declined to 90.48% and 58.48% of the control (without CTAC), respectively. In addition, atomic force microscopy (AFM) detected the damage of PSII-OEC morphology and structure by CTAC. Furthermore, proteomic analysis showed that 41% of proteins were in the chloroplast thylakoid membranes which function in photosynthesis. The activity of oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 2 (OEE2 or PsbP) involved in electron transfer was significantly inhibited by CTAC, which down-regulated 15.14-fold in the presence of 0.6 mg/L CTAC. These results indicated that photosynthetic inhibition of CTAC mainly occurred in the PSII-OEC. This study provided a new perspective of the photosynthetic response in evaluation of environmental bioimpacts of surfactants on microalgae.
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