ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
·
2025
·
IF 2.9
Liu Zaizhi,Liao Haibin,Li Hualan,Zou Zhengrong
Cinnamomum camphora chvar. Borneol essential oil (CBEO), a potential antibacterial ingredient, faces challenges in widespread use for food preservation due to its high volatility and low stability. This study aimed to enhance the stability and release properties of CBEO by preparing CBEO/β-cyclodextrin microcapsules. The ultrasound-assisted complexation (UACP) method has been developed to fabricate microcapsules containing CBEO , with β -cyclodextrin used as the wall material. The UACP process was optimized using the Box–Behnken response surface methodology. Under optimal conditions—a wall–core ratio of 4.09, ultrasound time of 52 min, ultrasound power of 617 W, and embedding temperature of 32 °C—the maximum microcapsule yield (84.93 ± 2.21%) and encapsulation efficiency (60.20 ± 1.56%) were achieved. Analysis through scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, particle size distribution analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction revealed the effective encapsulation of CBEO by UACP method. Furthermore, CBEO microcapsules exhibited favorable thermal stability and a slow-release effect. This study presents a promising approach to microencapsulation technology for the preparation of plant essential oil microcapsules.
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2025
·
IF 6.1
Jing Jiang,Chenyang Zhang,Meng Na,Shangqi Xu,Xiaoping Li,Shoubiao Zhou,Jihai Zhou
Soil cadmium (Cd) pollution has become increasingly severe, negatively affecting plant growth, soil safety, the ecological balance, and public health. Phytoremediation technology is an effective method for remediating soil Cd contamination because of its low cost, environmentally friendly nature, and minimal soil disturbance. However, phytoremediation efficiency is affected by factors such as the plant species, Cd concentration, and soil environment. In this study, a 180-day indoor potted experiment was conducted to explore the influences of various indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels on the growth, physiological and biochemical responses, Cd uptake, and soil enzyme activity of Cinnamomum (C.) camphora seedlings using 20 mg kg −1 Cd-contaminated soil with or without IAA treatments. The results showed that Cd stress significantly suppressed C. camphora seedling growth, whereas IAA application improved the basal diameter of seedlings by 22.22–133.33 %. This effect of IAA was observed primarily at low concentrations, while higher concentrations showed diminished effects. Compared to the Cd pollution treatment, adding 20 mg kg −1 IAA significantly enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT), reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and decreased soil basal respiration (SBR). Moreover, IAA treatment promoted Cd uptake in the roots, stems, and leaves, and reduced the soil Cd content by 22.90–41.17 %. In conclusion, exogenous IAA addition effectively alleviates Cd stress by regulating the plant’s physiological and biochemical characteristics and soil enzyme activities. These findings suggest that the combined use of IAA and C. camphora represents a promising remediation method for soil heavy metal pollution.
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LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2021
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IF 4.952
Xianliang Bao,Xianghui Yan,Guohua Zhang,Junxin Zhao,Zheling Zeng,Ping Yu,Deming Gong
Phytate, an anti-nutritional factor in Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel protein isolate (CPI), chelated with minerals and proteins to form complexes that reduced their bioavailability. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of phytase treatment on the structural and functional properties and in vitro digestibility of CPI. The results showed that the degree of phytate degradation was improved with the increase in phytase treatment time. Most of the original secondary structures were retained in the treated CPI samples. The removal of phytate increased the Zeta potential of CPI, and the protein isoelectric point was increased. Low phytate CPI samples showed higher thermal stability and higher Ca 2+ content. In terms of functional properties, foaming capacity was positively correlated with phytate content, whereas foam stability, emulsifying activity index and emulsion stability index were negatively correlated with phytate content. The reduction of phytate content had a positive effect on in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, and the bioavailability of CPI was significantly improved. These results have demonstrated that phytase treatment retained most of the original structure, and improved functional properties and digestibility of the protein isolate from Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel.
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Arabian Journal of Chemistry
·
2021
·
IF 5.165
Zaizhi Liu,Hualan Li,Yanlong Qi,Zheng Zhu,Dai Huang,Ke Zhang,Jun Pan,Lan Wen,Zhengrong Zou
Cinnamomum camphora is a notable tree species of great significance to human beings. Proanthocyanidins (PCs) were separated from C. camphora leaves using microwave assisted extraction (MAE) method. Four variables of the MAE procedure were studied using the Box-Behnken design of response surface method. The results demonstrated that the optimal extraction conditions were: ethanol concentration of 77%; liquid/solid ratio of 20 mL/g, microwave time of 18 min, and microwave power of 530 W to achieve an actual yield of 81.56 ± 2.03 mg/g for C. camphora PCs. Extraction kinetic study results indicated that MAE is the most efficient method for C. camphora leaf PCs extraction under the obtained conditions in comparison to the reference methods (heat reflux extraction, ultrasound extraction, and Soxhlet extraction), by which the highest yield of PCs and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient were obtained in the shortest extraction time. Antioxidant activity study revealed that C. camphora leaf PCs could be used as a natural alternative to the synthetic commercial antioxidants.
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FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2025
·Vol. 51
·期 3
·1-20
·
IF 2.5
Cao Jie,Guo Meijie,Wang Jinfeng,Mei Jun,Xie Jing
Plant-based essential oils have been considered to be used as fish anesthetics and as suitable alternatives to synthetic anesthetics. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Cinnamomum camphora var. linaloofera Fujita essential oil (CFEO), MS-222 and linalool on anesthetic induction and recovery of spotted seabass, Lateolabrax maculatus , and verified their sedative effects during simulated transportation. A total of 198 live spotted seabass samples were subjected to various concentrations of MS-222, CFEO, and linalool: 10, 20, 30, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg L −1 , individually, to evaluate the anesthetic induction time. MS-222, CFEO, and linalool all showed a deep sedation in spotted seabass at 20 mg L −1 . The minimum concentration required to achieve profound anesthesia in spotted seabass was found to be 50 mg L −1 MS-222, 100 mg L −1 CFEO, and 50 mg L −1 linalool, respectively. In addition, 120 healthy spotted seabass (400 g ± 3.5 g) were randomly divided into four groups, which were tranquilized by 20 mg L −1 CFEO, linalool, and MS-222, and the control fish were kept in clean seawater without anesthetics and essential oils. Then, the spotted seabass was simulated to be transported in a vibrating conveyor under 100 rpm at 12 °C for 24 h. The results showed that the fish transported with MS-222 and CFEO showed lower expressions in cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 beta) compared to fish transported with linalool. Sedation with linalool reduced oxidative stress (higher superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities) in transport compared to the control but did not prevent changes in the activities of heat shock protein. In general, the efficacy of CFEO in anesthetizing and sedating spotted seabass and mitigating transport stress was as good as or better than that of MS-222, demonstrating it has the potential to be used as a new and natural sedation for spotted seabass during transport.
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JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
·
2022
·Vol. 30
·期 9
·3582-3597
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IF 4.705
Alnadari Fawze,Bassey Anthony Pius,Abdin Mohamed,Salama Mohamed Abdelbaset,Nasiru Mustapha Muhammad,Dai Zhuqing,Hu Yuhang,Zeng Xiaoxiong
In this study, carboxymethyl chitosan with gum Arabic (CG) based novel functional films containing Cinnamomum camphora seeds extract (CCSE) at varying concentrations (0.5, 1.2 and 2% in w/w) were successfully fabricated. Moreover, sixteen phenolic compounds were identified by liquid chromatography and electrospray-ionized quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS) and the most abundant organic acid was citric acid (present at 1062.55 μg/g dry weight in CCSE). The resulting CG-ANC.P film was comprehensively characterized in terms of physicochemical properties, morphological characteristics, molecular properties, melting, and bioactivities properties (antimicrobial, antioxidant and biodegradability). CCSE inclusion into CG resulted in a marked increase (33.01–63.23 MPa) of tensile properties, with optimum thickness. The swelling degree, water solubility, and water vapor permeability were markedly (p < 0.05) reduced from 54.21 to 31.70%, 32.05 to 14.02%, and 3.46 to 1.12 × 10 −11 g −1 s −1 Pa −1 , respectively. The open control and CG samples showed much higher peroxide values of sunflower oil (69.49 ± 0.68 and 20.15 ± 0.31 mEq/kg, respectively) while CG-CCSE2 exhibited a low value (9.79 ± 0.28 mEq/kg) after 28 days incubation. The CG biodegradable film with the addition of CCSE (2%) was optimal for producing functional films with antioxidant and antibacterial properties.
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LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 4.952
Xianghui Yan,Guohua Zhang,Junxin Zhao,Maomao Ma,Xianliang Bao,Zheling Zeng,Xiaofeng Gong,Ping Yu,Xuefang Wen,Deming Gong
In this study, protein isolate (PI) and protein-phenolic complex (PPC) were prepared from Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel (CCSK). The effects of naturally present phenolic compounds on the structural characteristics, functional properties and antioxidant activities of CCSK protein before and after hydrolysis by Alcalase were evaluated. The formation of PPC was confirmed by the ultraviolet–visible and intrinsic fluorescence spectra. The resultant PPC hydrolysates (PPHs) had higher degree of hydrolysis values than PI hydrolysates (PHs). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that PHs and PPHs had more disordered structure, with the increase of random coil content. PI and PPC had similar solubility curves in the pH range of 2.0–9.0. However, hydrolysis led to a decrease in the solubility of PHs and PPHs at pH 2.0 and 3.0, and the solubility of PPHs was higher than that of PHs at pH 6.0 and 7.0. In addition, PPC exhibited better emulsifying properties and stronger antioxidant activities than those of PI before and after hydrolysis. These results indicated that PPC and PPHs obtained from CCSK may have great application potential in food industry as functional ingredients.
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JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
·
2026
·
IF 4
Yujing Yang,Ping Yu,Zheling Zeng,Xiansi Gao,Yifang Gao,Ding Cheng,Cheng Zeng,Xuefang Wen,Deming Gong,Xianghui Yan
A new class of π-conjugated polymer-functionalized porous silica adsorbents, including a non-carbonized material (SiO 2 @π-CP) and its carbonized derivative (SiO 2 @C-π-CP), was developed through a simple, low-cost synthetic strategy. For the first time, these materials were applied as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents for selective purification of four isoquinoline alkaloids, magnoflorine, laurifoline, lindoldhamine and N-methyldomesticinium, from Cinnamomum camphora seed kernels (CCSK). The integration of π-conjugated polymers with porous silica created abundant adsorption sites, enabling synergistic π-π, electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions, and thus significantly enhancing CCSK alkaloid affinity. Comprehensive characterization confirmed successful functionalization and structural stability. Under optimized static conditions, SiO 2 @π-CP and SiO 2 @C-π-CP exhibited high adsorption capacities of 68.57 and 97.83 mg g⁻¹, respectively, for total CCSK alkaloids, with adsorption behavior well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic and the Freundlich isotherm. Notably, carbonization significantly improved adsorption performance, chemical robustness, and reusability, with both materials maintaining high efficiency after eight adsorption-desorption cycles. Furthermore, SiO 2 @C-π-CP was successfully implemented as a dynamic SPE sorbent, with column adsorption behavior accurately predicted by Adams-Bohart, Thomas, Yoon-Nelson, and BDST models, providing a practical basis for scale-up. Following SPE purification, the purity of CCSK alkaloid increased from 32.97% to 61.59%, with a yield of 73.54%. This work introduces a novel π-conjugated polymer-based SPE platform that combines high selectivity, robustness and scalability, offering a promising strategy for efficient plant alkaloids purification.
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2023
·
IF 5.9
Lingqian Bai,Zhihua Gao,Xiaofeng Xu,Wenxia Lv,Yikui Wang,Kexin Dong,Zhijun Yu,Xiaolong Yang
Haemaphysalis longicornis is a notorious vector tick species widely distributed in China, with its current control relying heavily on synthetic chemicals. The disadvantages of chemical acaricides including single mechanism of action, environmental pollution, and easy-to-induce acaricidal resistance have long been criticized. As plant extracts and essential oils (EOs) have been proven to show good insecticidal activity and environmental safety, hence, in this study, the chemical constituents of EOs from Cinnamomum cassia and Cinnamomum camphora were analyzed and their potential for application in the control of H. longicornis was explored. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed that the Trans -cinnamaldehyde and Diethyl phthalate were the main components of the EOs of C. cassia and C. camphora , respectively. Larval packet test and nymph immersion test showed that the EOs of C. cassia and C. camphora had significant acaricidal activity against unfed larvae and nymphs of H. longicornis , and the EO of C. cassia showed more toxic against unfed adults than C. camphora EO at the same concentration. Enzyme assays revealed that the C. cassia EO significantly inhibited the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE), and C. camphora EO and Trans -cinnamaldehyde had no significant effect on AchE. Cinnamomum cassia EO and C. camphora EO significantly inhibited the activity of carboxylesterase (CarE). Trans -cinnamaldehyde significantly inhibited the activity of catalase (CAT), and C. cassia EO and C. camphora EO had no obvious effect. The above results suggested that the EOs of C. cassia and C. camphora and their major components target different enzymes, which may potentially mitigate the acaricidal resistance development in tick, indicating the prospect that these EOs may become an effective substitute for chemical synthetic acaricides in tick control.
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Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry
·
2019
·
IF 1.589
Zaizhi Liu,Lingtao Kong,Shunbao Lu,Zhengrong Zou
A free-of-dust pollution extraction method combined-homogenate and ultrasonic cavitation system, namely, homogenate-combined ultrasonic cavitation synergistic extraction (HUCSE), was proposed for the efficient extraction of flavonoids from Cinnamomum camphora leaves. Response surface methodology of Box–Behnken design was employed to optimize the HUCSE process, and the optimum operation conditions attained with an extraction yield of 7.95 ± 0.27 mg/g were ethanol concentration 76%, homogenate/ultrasonic time 25 min, solvent-to-solid ratio 22 mL/g, and ultrasonic power 240 W. A second-order kinetic mathematical methodology was performed to depict the behaviors of HUCSE and heat reflux extraction method. The results suggested that the developed HUCSE is an efficient and green method for the extraction of C. camphora flavonoids or other plant natural products, where the obvious higher parameters of extraction capacity at saturation, second-order extraction rate constant, and original extraction rate were obtained when compared to the heat reflux method. The antioxidant activity assays in vitro showed that the C. camphora flavonoids possessed strong antioxidant activity and are promising to be applied as a natural alternative antioxidant.
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Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture
·
2024
·Vol. 11
·期 1
·1-16
·
IF 5.2
Wang Yingying,Zhang Siyi,Ma Yuandan,Du Xianmin,Zong Qi,Lin Die,Lai Meng,Huang Tianyu,Luo Qingyun,Yang Lin,Li Zhanyong,Zuo Zhaojiang
Plant secondary metabolites can protect organisms against oxidative stress caused by adverse environmental conditions. Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl contains plentiful terpenoids and is subdivided into 5 chemotypes. To develop natural antioxidants using the plant terpenoids, the terpenoid composition and antioxidant abilities of methanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and petroleum ether extracts from linalool and eucalyptol chemotypes were investigated, and the solvent effects on in vitro antioxidant activity of 8 main terpenoids were analyzed. Meanwhile, the in vivo effects of two strong antioxidant terpenoids were evaluated. For the two chemotypes, the 4 solvents exhibited the same extracting effects on the terpenoid types, but methanol extracts contained the highest content of terpenoids, which should contribute to their strongest scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radicals. In linalool and eucalyptol chemotype extracts, linalool, eucalyptol, ocimene, α-pinene, D-limonene, terpinene, β-pinene and longifolene were the 8 main terpenoids. Among the 4 solvents, the 8 terpenoids showed the strongest free radical-scavenging activity with methanol as the reaction medium, which might result from strong-polarity methanol easily activating C = C unsaturated bonds in these compounds. This might also contribute to the strongest scavenging activity of methanol extracts against free radicals. Among these main components, ocimene and longifolene separately showed the strongest activity in scavenging DPPH and ABTS free radical. In in vivo assay, the two compounds significantly lowered the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , a single-celled model organism, under H 2 O 2 stress, and the lowering effects gradually enhanced with increasing the compound concentration, resulting in the corresponding promoting effect on the algal growth. At the same concentration, longifolene showed the strongest effect on protecting the algal cells against oxidative stress. Therefore, methanol was suitable for extracting terpenoids in natural antioxidant development, and ocimene and longifolene were two strong antioxidant terpenoids without cell toxicity, with the latter having stronger in vivo antioxidant activity. Graphical Abstract
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