Coatings
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 5
·829
·
IF 3.4
Rundong Wang,Shuangjiang Feng,Yanyun Wang,Chengqian Li,Xiaohai Bu,Yuzhong Huang,Man He,Yuming Zhou
Electronic skin (E-skin) is increasingly utilized in modern society, yet current E-skin technology suffers from issues, such as opacity, hardness, and fragility. To address these challenges, a novel E-skin was developed using polyurethane (PU) as the matrix material and silver nanowires (AgNWs) as the sensing material. By leveraging the small degree of microphase separation and lack of crystallization in the PU, combined with the appropriate length–diameter ratio of the AgNWs, the resulting E-skin exhibited a visible light transmittance of 75%. The E-skin also showed excellent self-healing properties (83.63% efficiency in the third repair) and mechanical properties (with almost no degradation after 60 tensile cycles) due to the reversible dynamic cross-linking network within the PU. The synergistic effect of PU and AgNWs resulted in exceptional sensing performance for the E-skin, with a gauge factor of 46 (when ε = 10%). Moreover, the E-skin demonstrated signal stability during human joint motion monitoring and successfully identified different movement states, highlighting its potential for diverse applications. This research presents a simple yet effective approach for producing transparent, durable, and stable E-skin.Keywords:electronic-skin (E-skin);strain-sensor;self-healing;polyurethane;AgNWs;spraying;transparent;UV blocking
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高影响因子
ACS Applied Electronic Materials
·
2024
·
IF 4.3
Qiaoqiao Bai,Xin Liu,Xiaohu Shi,Ziwei Wang,Ziyi Wu,Qizhi Dong,Nan Liu,Tang Liu,Song Liu
With the rapid development of technologies, such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, the flexible electronic skin (e-skin) that bridges the material and the physical world presents vast market potential. However, the development of cost-effective, multifunctional e-skin remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a dual-functional e-skin based on a microspinous MXene/PDMS composite film is prepared by using a low-cost natural template method. The e-skin has good performance, making it suitable for detecting small pressures and joint movements as well as high-quality electromyogram and electrocardiogram signals. The e-skin can monitor a variety of human motions and electrophysiological signals, positioning it as a promising tool in the areas of motion detection and health monitoring.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2025
·
IF 8.2
Salah Naji Sufyan,Yusof A. Y. A. Mohammed,Chenglong Mu,Kashan Bashir,Ning Wen,Muhammad Mamoor,Xiuling Jiao,Dairong Chen,Ting Wang
Flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors are crucial for next-generation wearable electronics, yet achieving simultaneous high sensitivity, durability, and mechanical robustness remains a challenge. Herein, we report a high-performance piezoresistive sensor fabricated through the integration of two-dimensional MXene nanosheets with a hierarchically structured modified polyamide 6 nanofiber net (D-PA6 NFN) using scalable vacuum filtration. Benefiting from the synergistic combination of MXene’s excellent electrical properties, web-like architecture, the composite nanofiber tensile strength (52 MPa), and flexibility (40%), the resulting sensor exhibited good sensitivity (0.189 kPa–1), a rapid response/recovery time (14/13 ms), and an ultralow detection limit (4.2 Pa). Moreover, the device maintained stability over 12,000 compression cycles. The sensor precisely captured both subtle physiological signals (pulse waveforms) and large-scale dynamic motions (joint flexion). This work establishes a scalable strategy for engineering durable, high-sensitivity electronic skins, with immediate applications in advanced human-machine interfaces and real-time physiological monitoring.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry C
·
2018
·Vol. 7
·期 3
·578-585
·
IF 5.976
Yibo Yang,Jize Liu,Jie Cao,Zehang Zhou,Xinxing Zhang
Despite the wide range of applications of flexible strain sensors, most of them use covalently crosslinked elastomers as a stretchable matrix, which may cause potential environmental problems via the disposal of worn-out devices. To mitigate this environmental threat, endowing sensors with self-repairability can be a simple and effective way to prolong their service lives. However, most current self-repairing sensors require complicated syntheses, in which hazardous solvents and reagents are always needed. Therefore, it remains challenging to develop an environment-friendly self-repairing sensor. Here, we report a sustainable self-repairing strain sensor based on naturally-derived supramolecular elastomer and green-synthesized silver nanofibers. This E-skin sensor features a high conductivity (≥104 S m−1), low percolation threshold (0.32%), high sensitivity (gauge factor ∼405.6) and desirable real-time (≤30 s) self-repairability after damage. This work may pave the way for the development of renewable, biocompatible and self-repairing next-generation wearable electronic devices.
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2026
·
IF 13.2
Chenchen Shen,Weiwei Chen,Lin Guo,Yanrui Zou,Shuan Han,Ning Yu,Lin Gan,Jin Huang
Long-range piezoelectric transduction in flexible hydrogels is limited by the “trade-off” of conductive pathways between accelerating charge dissipation and suppressing dipole formation. Here, we introduce a surface-heterojunction strategy converting cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) into conductive dipolar nanorods by deprotonation of poly(aminophenylboronic acid) (PABA) coating. Boronated ester bonding and hydrogen-bonds at CNCs/PABA interface collectively strengthen dipole moments while inducing n-type doping in PABA and thus enabling charge transport for 18.9-fold conductivity. Integrating molecular-level interfacial alignment of conjugated moieties, CNCs with higher aspect-ratio further promote percolation and reduce threshold by ~14%. The charge transport range in hydrogel is then elongated, which improves its conductivity by 7.0 times and yields robust piezo-electric/resistive dual-mode responsiveness. The hydrogen-bond network also improves adhesion, and imparts intrinsic sensitivity to temperature, salinity, and pH, for distinguishing complex motions and physiological events. This heterojunction-driven co-engineering of dipoles and conductivity offers a generalizable materials concept for advancing high-fidelity soft bioelectronic sensing.
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高影响因子
Collagen and Leather
·
2026
·Vol. 8
·期 1
·8
·
IF 10.1
Pu Haoliang,Xiao Hanzhong,Wang Yujia,Huang Xin,Shi Bi
The next-generation on-skin devices are expected to provide identical textural characteristics to skin for accomplishing comfortable long-term wearability. Cattle hide is mainly consisted of type I collagen, which is therefore an ideal collagenous-matrix platform for developing skin-like on-skin devices. However, the raw cattle hide has a high water content that leads to poor wearability. Herein, we developed the skin-like wearable (SW) platform via a brand-new inter-fiber spacer-aided (IFS-aided) drying of cattle hide, where an amphiphilic nonionic surfactant that was capable of thoroughly infiltrating into the 3D hierarchical network of collagen fibers (CFs) was employed to work as the inter-fiber spacer to avoid the sticking of CFs during drying. Moreover, the inter-fiber spacer was easily eluted after drying for obtaining the collagenous matrix with highly dispersed fiber structure. The as-developed SW-platform exhibited ideal wearability by exhibiting full-protein nature, outstanding softness (6.808 mm), exceptional water-vapor permeability (5950 g·m -2 ·d -1 ) and high thermal stability. The hierarchical fiber structure with sufficient inter-fiber space endowed the SW-platform with reversible cross-scale deformations of CFs at both the nanoscale and microscale, which demonstrated its promising application in developing the skin-like and eco-friendly e-skins with outstanding sensing capability and flexible display function. Graphical
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Biomaterials Advances
·
2022
·
IF 0
Yingchun Li,Yannan Liu,Bo Peng,Xinyue Li,Tianshu Fang,Shuai Liu,Jiachen Liu,Bo Li,Fei Li
Deep skin wound needs a long wound healing process, in which external force on skin around wound can result in a sharp pain, wound re-damage and interstitial fluid flowing out, increasing the risk of deterioration and even amputation. While the conventional wound dressings cannot provide timely feedback of abnormal wound status and lose best time for wound treatment, real-time monitoring wound status is thus urgently needed for wound management. In this work, a breathable and stretchable electronic skin ( i.e. , e-skin) named CNTs/graphene/GelMA mat has been developed through electrospinning, ice-templating and in-situ loading method for evaluating wound status. The obtained porosity, swelling ratio and vapor transmission rate of the CNTs/graphene/GelMA mat are 55 %, 180 % and 3378.2 h −1 day −1 , respectively. And owing to the good porous, nanofibrous architecture and excellent breathability of the mat, L929 cells grow and well spread on the CNTs/graphene/GelMA mat. In addition, the gauge factors of the prepared conductive CNTs/graphene/GelMA mat as a strain sensor are 15.4 and 72.9 in the strain ranges of 0–70 % and 70–85 %, respectively, matching the mechanical performance of human skin. The sensitivity coefficient of the mat for moisture sensing is 12.05, indicating its high efficiency for monitoring and warning interstitial fluid outflow from wound. Furthermore, the integration of CNTs/graphene/GelMA mat with a portable device is feasible to monitor strain and moisture on a rat model with abdominal wound. The healing process of the wounds treated with CNTs/graphene/GelMA mat is similar to that of GelMA mat, indicating that the dosage of CNTs and graphene in the CNTs/graphene/GelMA mat has negligible effect on the mat histocompatibility. The CNTs/graphene/GelMA mat demonstrates the application potential in wound management, home medical diagnosis and human-machine interactions.
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2023
·Vol. 34
·期 3
·2307503
·
IF 19
Zhe Yu,Yanghuan Mao,Zhixin Wu,Fenglong Li,Jinwei Cao,Ya-Nan Zheng,Xiaolong Zhong,Lebin Wang,Jin Zhu,Pingqi Gao,Wu Bin Ying,Gang Liu
In the pursuit of tactile sensation resembling human skin, the electronic skin (E-skin) has long been a subject of interest and inspires the exploration of various biomimetic structures. Nevertheless, the exceptional functionality of living organisms arises from the synergistic interplay of multiple internal factors, i.e. the coupling enhancement effect, which has received limited attention in existing studies. Here, a tactile E-skin featuring a multicoupled biomimetic structure that mimics three coupling elements found in the skin: Stratum spinosum, Meissner corpuscle, and Piezo2 protein, is proposed. By amalgamating their distinguishing characteristics, this bionic E-skin surpasses the performance of conventional counterparts such as sensitivity as high as 388.5 kPa −1 , hysteresis as low as 0.76%, and response times as short as 10 ms. Furthermore, its fabrication methodology of efficient 3D printing shows great advantages in terms of production cost and customization. Finally, the sensor is expanded to a 9 × 9 pixels array for a machine learning-assisted intellisense system to recognize the fruits as a human does, achieving an accuracy of 91.4%. All of these prove the promising potential of this multicoupled biomimetic structure in wearable electronics, human–machine interface, soft robotics, and artificial sensing.
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Nano Energy
·
2023
·
IF 17.6
Ya Cheng,Jing Wang,Xiaofeng Lu,Ce Wang
Due to the increased demand for health monitoring and disease alarm, the self-powered epidermal electric sensors have attracted extensive attention, such as triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)-based electric skin (e-skin). However, the humidity accumulation at the interface between e-skin and skin will threaten the stability and reliability of the monitoring signals. Moisture absorptivity and perspiration are still great challenges that need to be addressed. Here, inspired by the internal structure of plants used to transport water, we fabricated an all-nanofiber Janus textile via a continuous electrospinning/electrospray technology, presenting a double gradient variations in the pore size and wettability along the thickness direction. Janus textile was constructed from the hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (HPAN)/hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) fibrous membrane with small pores and hydrophilicity , conducting Ag nanowire (NW)layer, and polyurethane (TPU) nanofibrous membrane with large pores and hydrophobicity . By utilizing the wicking effect of external HPAN/BNNS layer, the sweat droplet could be transported from the interface between the skin and Janus textile to the external environment, meanwhile, the returned sweat will be blocked by interior TPU layer to keep the dry state of the skin. Therefore, the directional moisture transportation was realized. As the near-skin side, TPU was used as the other triboelectric layer, the optimal triboelectrification output reached 78.10 V, 0.16 μA, and 3.31 W m −2 . Moreover, the damped Janus textile also exhibited an open-circuit voltage of 30 V, a short-circuit current of 0.051 μA, and a power density of 0.14 W m −2 . With the assistance of an adhesive layer , Janus textile e-skin could easily adhere to the skin surface, generating stable movement and physiological sensing signals. In short, this work presents a noval way to construct Janus e-skin patch with directional sweating and breathability for monitoring long-term real-physiological signals.
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高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2021
·
IF 13.273
Fenglong Li,Zifa Xu,Han Hu,Zhengyang Kong,Chao Chen,Ying Tian,Wenwu Zhang,Wu Bin Ying,Ruoyu Zhang,Jin Zhu
Two of the very important demands for the elastic matrix of electronic skin (E-skin) are durability and degradability, which ensure the stable performance in daily life and green end of the E-skin. Unfortunately, these two requirements are usually incompatible. Here, we proposed the idea of controlled degradation and synthesized a polyurethane, AL-PU-4, to solve such challenge. High crystalline hydroxy-terminated poly (1,4-butylene adipate) (HTPBA) and low crystalline polycaprolactone diol (PCL diol) were mixed and used as the degradable soft segment. The dynamic disulfide bond was chosen as the chain extender, which could simultaneously endow the polyurethane with anti-aging and self-healing properties. The AL-PU-4 didn’t show significant loss in mechanical and molecular weight after 12 days of accelerated aging experiment, which equaled to 12 months of daily use, and it owned a fast room temperature self-healing speed of 1.31 μm/min. With the steric protection of the hard segment, the degradation of ester bonds in HTPBA and PCL diol segments was seriously retarded under enzymatic and low pH conditions. Only when the pH reached 14, the ‘lock’ on degradation was opened. The above functionalities were also verified in an E-skin demo, which could response the external pressure quickly and show high stability in cyclic test.
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Nature Communications
·
2024
·Vol. 15
·期 1
·1-13
·
IF 14.7
Zhang Lei,Chen Lu,Wang Siheng,Wang Shanshan,Wang Dan,Yu Le,Xu Xu,Liu He,Chen Chaoji
Self-powered skin attachable and detachable electronics are under intense development to enable the internet of everything and everyone in new and useful ways. Existing on-demand separation strategies rely on complicated pretreatments and physical properties of the adherends, achieving detachable-on-demand in a facile, rapid, and universal way remains challenging. To overcome this challenge, an ingenious cellulose nanofiber-mediated manifold dynamic synergy strategy is developed to construct a supramolecular hydrogel with both reversible tough adhesion and easy photodetachment. The cellulose nanofiber-reinforced network and the coordination between Fe ions and polymer chains endow the dynamic reconfiguration of supramolecular networks and the adhesion behavior of the hydrogel. This strategy enables the simple and rapid fabrication of strong yet reversible hydrogels with tunable toughness ((Value max -Value min )/Value max of up to 86%), on-demand adhesion energy ((Value max -Value min )/Value max of up to 93%), and stable conductivity up to 12 mS cm −1 . We further extend this strategy to fabricate different cellulose nanofiber/Fe 3+ -based hydrogels from various biomacromolecules and petroleum polymers, and shed light on exploration of fundamental dynamic supramolecular network reconfiguration. Simultaneously, we prepare an adhesive-detachable triboelectric nanogenerator as a human-machine interface for a self-powered wireless monitoring system based on this strategy, which can acquire the real-time, self-powered monitoring, and wireless whole-body movement signal, opening up possibilities for diversifying potential applications in electronic skins and intelligent devices.
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Small
·
2024
·
IF 13
Baozhong Chen,Kangxin Shen,Yaping Li,Bo Huang,Huiming Su,Jintao Xu,Shuai Yang,Qi Zhou,Linfeng Lan,Junbiao Peng,Yong Cao
Sensing pressure and temperature are two important functions of human skin that integrate different types of tactile receptors. In this paper, a deformable artificial flexible multi-stimulus-responsive sensor is demonstrated that can distinguish mechanical pressure from temperature by measuring the impedance and the electrical phase at the same frequency without signal interference. The electrical phase, which is used for measuring the temperature, is totally independent of the pressure by controlling the surface micro-shapes and the ion content of the ionic film. By doping the counter-ion exchange reagent into the ionic liquid before pouring, the upper temperature measuring limit increases from 35 to 50 °C, which is higher than the human body temperature and the ambient temperature on Earth. The sensor shows high sensitivity to pressure (up to 0.495 kPa −1 ) and a wide temperature sensing range (−10 to 50 °C). A multimodal ion-electronic skin (IE M -skin) with an 8 × 8 multi-stimulus-responsive sensor array is fabricated and can successfully sense the distribution of temperature and pressure at the same time. Finally, the sensors are used for monitoring the touching motions of a robot-arm finger controlled by a remote interactive glove and successfully detect the touching states and the temperature changes of different objects.
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）