Antioxidants
·
2026
·Vol. 15
·期 1
·93
·
IF 6.6
Yiqing Guo,Peng Huang,Wenhui Wang,Jingwen Wu,Jinliang Du,Jiayi Li,Jiancao Gao,Haojun Zhu,Jun Gao,Yao Zheng,Yanbing Zhuang,Gangchun Xu,Liping Cao
Oxidative stress represents a critical threat to aquatic animal health and aquaculture productivity. Allicin, a natural plant extract, has not been systematically investigated for its antioxidant mechanisms in aquatic crustaceans. This study established in vitro and in vivo models of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (T-BHP)-induced oxidative stress in Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of allicin. Integrating biochemical, transcriptomic, and ultrastructural analyses, we found that allicin significantly alleviated T-BHP-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative damage in vitro. Mechanistically, allicin up-regulated antioxidant genes including glutathione peroxidase (gpx) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (trxr1), and down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta (il-1β), suggesting the concomitant activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibition of the p38-MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Transcriptomics further indicated its role in restoring proteostasis and mitochondrial function. A 35-day feeding trial validated these findings in vivo; dietary supplementation with 300 mg·kg−1allicin effectively reversed T-BHP-induced disturbances in antioxidant enzyme activities and immune-related gene expression. These consistent findings demonstrate that allicin alleviates hepatopancreatic oxidative damage through multi-pathway synergism, supporting its potential as a green and effective antioxidant feed additive in aquaculture.
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COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 3.9
Liping Cao,Nailin Shao,Jinliang Du,Haojun Zhu,Jiancao Gao,Quanjie Li,Yi Sun,Jiawen Hu,Guojun Yin,Gangchun Xu
There is limited knowledge about the toxicity of Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in crustaceans, despite its high toxicity to aquatic organisms . This research aimed to explore the effects of MC-LR on cytotoxicity, oxidative stress , and apoptosis in the hepatopancreas of Eriocheir sinensis , as well as elucidate the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and potential mechanisms of toxicity. In vivo and in vitro exposures of crabs to MC-LR and N -acetylcysteine (NAC) were performed, followed by assessments of cell morphology, viability, tissue pathology, biochemical indicators, gene expression, and hepatopancreatic transcriptome . Results revealed that MC-LR facilitated the entry of the MC-LR transporter oatp3a into hepatopancreatic cells, leading to upregulated expression of phase I detoxification enzyme genes ( cyp4c , cyp2e1 , and cyp3 ) and downregulated the phase II enzyme genes ( gst1 , gpx , gsr2 , gclc , and nqo1 ), resulting in increased ROS levels and cytotoxic effects. MC-LR exhibited cytotoxicity, reducing cell viability and inducing abnormal nuclear morphology with a 48 h- IC 50 value of approximately 120 μm. MC-LR exposure caused biochemical changes indicative of oxidative stress damage and evident hepatopancreatic lesions. Additionally, MC-LR exposure regulated the levels of bax and bcl-2 expression, activating caspase 3 and 6 to induce cell apoptosis. Intervention with NAC attenuated MC-LR-induced ROS production and associated toxic effects. Transcriptome analysis revealed enrichment of differentially expressed genes in pathways related to cytochrome P450-mediated xenobiotic metabolism and the FoxO signaling pathway . These findings shed light on the potential mechanisms underlying MC-LR toxicity and provide valuable references for further research and conservation efforts regarding the health of aquatic animals.
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3 Biotech
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 12
·412
·
IF 2.9
Fang Zhiruo,Zhu Haojun,Gao Jiancao,Cao Liping,Yao Yu,Li Quanjie,Dai Fei,Yang Xiwei,Du Jinliang,Xu Gangchun
Silymarin has proven antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effects, but no study to date has investigated the potential protective effect on deltamethrin-induced hepatopancreas injury in Chinese mitten crabs Eriocheir sinensis . This study investigated the protective effect of silymarin pretreatment on deltamethrin-induced hepatopancreas injury in E.sinensis . Healthy crabs (n = 150) were randomly divided into five experimental groups: the control, a deltamethrin exposure group (Basal feed without silymarin), and three silymarin groups (addition of 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 g/kg diet to the basal feed). After 6 weeks of feeding (no deltamethrin exposure), the crabs were exposed to a deltamethrin concentration of 4.317 μg/L for 48 h. Histopathological results showed that the hepatopancreas remained relatively intact in the silymarin pretreatment groups. Furthermore, metabolites annotated by LC–MS were mainly enriched in signaling pathways related to cytochrome P450, terpenoid alkaloid biosynthesis and phospholipid metabolism. Silymarin at 0.1, 1.0 and/or 0.5 g/kg were significantly increased AKP, ACP, GSH activities and T-AOC levels, and significantly decreased AST, ALT, TNF-α, IL-6, NO, TC, MDA, CYP3A and CYP2E1 levels ( P < 0.05). Silymarin at the concentation of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg could significantly up-regulated the expressions of immune-related genes ( propo , alf3 , crustin1 , hsp70 , hsp90 , relish ), anti-apoptotic gene ( bcl-2 ), and significantly down-regulated the lipid metabolism-related genes ( cpt1 , srebp , acc ) and apoptosis-related genes ( caspase3 , caspase8 , p53 , cyt-c ) ( P < 0.05). Silymarin at 0.5 and/or 1.0 g/kg significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of inflammation-related genes ( tnf-α , il-16 ) and drug metabolism-related genes ( cyp2a , cyp2e1 , cyp3a ) ( P < 0.05). The results demonstrate a good protective effect of 1.0 g/kg silymarin on deltamethrin-induced hepatopancreas injury induced by deltamethrin in a crustacean species.
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AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 4.1
Shuquan Ding,Shunli Che,Mengting Huang,Yuan Ma,Longteng Shen,Jianbin Feng,Xilei Li
Nanopolystyrene (NP) pollution in aquatic environments has become an increasing concern. Phoxim (PHO), one of the major organophosphorus pesticides, has also been detected in aquatic environments, posing serious health risks to crustaceans. This study aimed to assess the detrimental effects of NP and/or PHO exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations on the intestinal histopathology, intestinal microbiota, and metabolome of adult crabs ( Eriocheir sinensis ) for 21 days. Our study revealed significant histopathological abnormalities in the intestines. In all the exposure groups, there was a discovery of vacuolar degeneration occurring in epithelial cells. Additionally, the peritrophic membrane exhibited thinning after NP or PHO single exposure, while thickening was observed after co-exposure. Exposure to NP and/or PHO disrupted the intestinal microbiota homeostasis, as evidenced by the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and suppression of beneficial bacteria. Notably, PHO exposure resulted in increased abundance of pathogenic bacteria ( Spiroplasma and Arcobacter ) and decreased abundance of beneficial bacteria ( Bacteroides ). Analysis of the metabolome revealed that exposure to NP and/or PHO led to alterations in the metabolic profile as well as several critical pathways. Among these, the upregulation of arachidonic acid metabolism, ABC transporters, and biosynthesis of amino acids was observed in both NP single exposure and co-exposure, while PHO single exposure downregulated these pathways. Additionally, NP and/or PHO exposure downregulated neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the significant reduction of some differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) was potentially regulated by the low-abundance bacterial genera following exposure to NP and/or PHO. And these DEMs have a role in anti-inflammatory or antioxidant properties. Collectively, our results offer novel perspectives on the intestinal toxicity of crustaceans by NP and/or PHO at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2024
·
IF 6.2
Xinping Guo,Ziang Qian,Su Jiang,Xiaobin Qian,Xianhui Ning,Shaowu Yin,Kai Zhang
The intensification of production practices in the aquaculture industry has led to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics to combat diseases and reduce costs, which has resulted in environmental pollution, posing serious threats to aquaculture sustainability and food safety. However, the toxic effect of florfenicol (FF) exposure on the hepatopancreas of crustaceans remains unclear. Herein, by employing Chinese mitten crab ( Eriocheir sinensis ) as subjects to investigate the toxic effects on histopathology, oxidative stress, apoptosis and microbiota of hepatopancreas under environment-relevant (0.5 and 5 μg/L), and extreme concentrations (50 μg/L) of FF. Our results revealed that the damage of hepatopancreas tissue structure caused by FF exposure in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Combined with the increased expression of apoptosis-related genes ( Caspase 3 , Caspase 8 , p53 , Bax and Bcl-2 ) at mRNA and protein levels, activation of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, FF exposure also induced oxidative stress, and apoptosis in hepatopancreas. Interestingly, 7 days exposure triggered more pronounced toxic effect in crabs than 14 days under environment-relevant FF concentration. Integrated biomarker response version 2 (IBRv2) index indicated that 14 days FF exposure under extreme concentration has serious toxicity effect on crabs. Furthermore, 14 days exposure to FF changed the diversity and composition of hepatopancreas microbiota leading remarkable increase of pathogenic microorganism Spirochaetes following exposure to 50 μg/L of FF. Taken together, our study explained potential mechanism of FF toxicity on hepatopancreas of crustaceans, and provided a reference for the concentration of FF to be used in culture of Chinese mitten crab.
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2024
·
IF 6.2
Shunli Che,Mengting Huang,Lemei Zhu,Longteng Shen,Yuan Ma,Zhicheng Wan,Xuguang Li,Jun Zhou,Shuquan Ding,Xilei Li
Nanopolystyrene (NP) and phoxim (PHO) are common environmental pollutants in aquatic systems. We evaluated the toxic effects of exposure to ambient concentrations of NP and/or PHO in the intestines of the Chinese mitten crab ( Eriocheir sinensis ). Our study showed that histopathological changes were observed in the intestines. Specifically, NP and/or PHO exposure increased intraepithelial lymphocytes. Furthermore, NP and/or PHO exposure induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), peroxidase activity (POD), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Pro-inflammatory gene expression and transcriptome analysis demonstrated that NP and/or PHO exposure induced the intestinal inflammatory response. Transcriptome results showed that NP and/or PHO exposure upregulated the NF-κB signaling pathway, which is considered a key pathway in the inflammatory response. Additionally, the expression of pro-inflammatory genes significantly increased after a single exposure to NP or PHO, but it exhibited a significant decrease after the co-exposure. The downregulation of these genes in the co-exposure group likely suggested that the co-exposure mitigated intestinal inflammation response in E. sinensis . Collectively, our findings mainly showed that NP and/or PHO exposure at ambient concentrations induces oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the intestines of E. sinensis .
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Emerging Contaminants
·
2025
·
IF 6.9
Wei Xiang,Fuhua Fu,Xuebo Shang,Jian Xu,Fengxiang Yu,Dengni Lai,Yang Shan
Dioxins are among the common persistent organic pollutants in crabs. To clarify the potential risk of dioxins pollution in Chinese mitten crab, eight types of samples were collected in the South Dongting Lake area for the analysis of 17 PCDD/Fs and 12 dl-PCBs. The results indicate that the concentration of Σ PCDD/Fs and Σ dl-PCBs in crabs was between 0.993–10.8 and 35.0–282 pg/g w.w., respectively. The mean WHO-TEQ value of Σ PCDD/Fs in crabs was 0.248 ± 0.205 pg TEQ/g w.w., and the mean WHO-TEQ value of Σ PCDD/Fs+dl-PCBs in crabs was 0.359 ± 0.280 pg TEQ/g w.w.. The total toxic equivalent of bottom sediment, surrounding soil, crab brown meat and juvenile crab were relatively high, which were 2.88, 2.67, 1.50 and 1.30 pg TEQ/g w.w., respectively. In the case of 99th percentile, the WHO-TEQ values of Σ PCDD/Fs and Σ PCDD/Fs+dl-PCBs in crab white meat were all within the maximum permitted levels as specified in commission regulation (EU) 2023/915. The HQ values of 99th percentile of Σ PCDD/Fs+dl-PCBs were 0.0783, 0.00703 and 0.0853 for eating brown meat products, eating white meat products and eating whole crabs, respectively. The coordinate points of the samples are connected to the origin by a straight line in the correspondence analysis map. The angle formed by the straight lines of crab brown meat/crab white meat and juvenile crab was acute angle, as did the feed. The angles between the straight line of bottom sediment/surrounding soil and that of other samples were all obtuse angles. In conclusion, although the dioxins of bottom sediment and surrounding soil are obvious, the dioxins of adult crabs are mainly related to that of the juvenile crabs and feed. At present, the intake of dioxins from Chinese mitten crab by Chinese residents is at a safe level because of low annual consumption. It is recommended that adults limit their weekly crab consumption to 1–4 crabs, or only 23.1–105 g of crab brown meat per week, or solely 435–1242 g of crab white meat per week.
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Antioxidants
·
2022
·Vol. 11
·期 10
·2029
·
IF 7.675
Wenrong Feng,Shengyan Su,Changyou Song,Fan Yu,Jun Zhou,Jianlin Li,Rui Jia,Pao Xu,Yongkai Tang
High concentrations of copper (Cu2+) pose a great threat to aquatic animals. However, the mechanisms underlying the response of crustaceans to Cu2+exposure have not been well studied. Therefore, we investigated the alterations of physiological and molecular parameters in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) after Cu2+exposure. The crabs were exposed to 0 (control), 0.04, 0.18, and 0.70 mg/L of Cu2+for 5 days, and the hemolymph, hepatopancreas, gills, and muscle were sampled. The results showed that Cu2+exposure decreased the antioxidative capacity and promoted lipid peroxidation in different tissues. Apoptosis was induced by Cu2+exposure, and this activation was associated with the mitochondrial and ERK pathways in the hepatopancreas. ER stress-related genes were upregulated in the hepatopancreas but downregulated in the gills at higher doses of Cu2+. Autophagy was considerably influenced by Cu2+exposure, as evidenced by the upregulation of autophagy-related genes in the hepatopancreas and gills. Cu2+exposure also caused an immune response in different tissues, especially the hepatopancreas, where the TLR2-MyD88-NF-κB pathway was initiated to mediate the inflammatory response. Overall, our results suggest that Cu2+exposure induces oxidative stress, ER stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and immune response inE. sinensis, and the toxicity may be implicated following the activation of the ERK, AMPK, and TLR2-MyD88-NF-κB pathways.Keywords:copper;apoptosis;endoplasmic reticulum stress;oxidative stress;Eriocheir sinensis
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