查找使用阿拉丁产品的科研文献

Air–steam explosion enhancing the extraction efficiency of chlorogenic acid from leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver

Xiaoguo Fu,Hongzhang Chen

In order to achieve the desirable extraction yield of thermosensitive chlorogenic acid, a novel air–steam explosion with low temperature was developed to pretreat Eucommia ulmoides leaves in this study. The correlation of temperature and different partial pressure of air was investigated, and the pretreatment performance was evaluated by the extraction efficiency and antioxidant capacity of chlorogenic acid. Results showed that the pretreatment temperature obviously decreased with the increase of air partial pressure. Mixed with 0.4   MPa of air partial pressure, the temperature of gas mixture was 26.69% lower than that without air (0.8   MPa of steam). After pretreatment for 120   s, the yield, extraction rate, and OH − and O 2 − scavenging ratios of chlorogenic acid from air–steam exploded sample were 2.83%, 0.182   min −1 , 31.10% and 95.85%, respectively, which were 62.0%, 423.0%, 94.6% and 9.5% higher than those from raw sample. Additionally, the equilibrium time of chlorogenic acid extraction decreased from 120   min to 15   min. The reason for these results were that the fibrous networks and the cell walls of the leaves were destroyed after air–steam explosion pretreatment, which improved the solute–solvent accessibility and the internal mass transfer in extraction process. Therefore, air–steam explosion was an efficient pretreatment to enhance the extraction performance of chlorogenic acid from E. ulmoides leaves.

Potential Use of Limonene as an Alternative Solvent for Extraction of Gutta-Percha from Eucommia ulmoides

Guoqiang Cui,Xinyu Yang,Zaizhi Liu,Mengxia Wei,Tingting Liu,Huiyan Gu,Lei Yang

Limonene was used as an extraction solvent to obtain gutta-percha from leaves, samara, and bark of Eucommia ulmoides. The extraction conditions for the gutta-percha of E. ulmoides were optimized using a set of optimization processes. The optimized conditions were a liquid–solid ratio (L/S ratio) of 19.7 mL/g, extraction temperature of 134 °C, and extraction time of 1.8 h for the bark; an extraction temperature of 128 °C, extraction time of 1.7 h, and L/S ratio of 14 mL/g for the samara; and an extraction time of 1.4 h, L/S ratio of 15 mL/g, and reaction temperature of 138 °C for the leaves. Under these optimized extraction conditions, the actual extraction yields of gutta-percha were 55.32 ± 2.53 mg/g (bark), 81.14 ± 3.84 mg/g (samara), and 22.15 ± 1.08 mg/g (leaves). The gutta-percha obtained by limonene extraction was evaluated by thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric tests, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Limonene has promising potential to replace traditional petroleum-based solvents to isolate gutta-percha from E. ulmoides.

Role of epoxidized natural Eucommia ulmoides gum in modifying the interface of styrene-butadiene rubber/silica composites

Yan Wang,Jinhui Liu,Lin Xia,Mei Shen,Zhenxiang Xin,Jinkuk Kim

Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) is a renewable and sustainable polymer, which could be used as rubber or plastic by altering its crosslinking density while the complicated extracting process and nonpolar molecular chains limited its application. In this effort, a novel extraction method was introduced, which could simplify the extraction process of EUG. Then, the extracted EUG-chloroform (CHCl 3 ) solution was directly used to prepare epoxidized EUG (EEUG) with an epoxy degree of 40.0% to improve its polarity. The epoxidized natural EUG exhibiting both polar and nonpolar motives had an advantage in working as an interfacial compatibilizer for polymer composites, especially bio-based composites due to its inherent biocompatibility. Accordingly, the role of EEUG in modifying the interface of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/silica composites were explored. The results showed that EEUG in SBR/silica composites acted not only as a compatibilizer but also as a constructure generating better mechanical properties than other compatibilizers, such as silane couplings, Si-69 and KH-550, and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). The simplified extracting process and the epoxy modification of EUG would extend its application in rubber materials, medical materials, and biopolymer materials.

Histochemical studies on the distribution and accumulation of trans-polyisoprene in the rubber-producing plant Eucommia ulmoides

Xue-Feng Ma,Xue-Feng Yao,Zhi-Zhen Chi,Ming-Qiang Zhu

Eucommia ulmoides rubber (EUR) is a high-quality natural rubber resource, which can be extracted from different organs of the Eucommia ulmoides tree . In this study, EUR was isolated from the leaves, barks, and pericarps , and the structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of EUR were systematically determined. The accumulation and distribution of EUR in different tissues were assessed through in situ observations combined with cellular and subcellular scales. The preliminary analyses indicated that the variations in the physicochemical properties of EUR across different tissues were associated with its accumulation microstructure. Further analyses by SEM and TEM showed that the initial cell differentiation and fusion resulted in the formation of tubular structures without any nucleus. A limited number of rubber particles were generated within the cytoplasm, concurrent with aggregation and fusion. Eventually, rubber particles filled the entire cytoplasm, and organelles disappeared to form highly aggregated filamentous structures. In addition, the number and area of EUR-containing cells were closely related to the organization sizes of barks and leaves. This study provided valuable insights into Eucommia ulmoides histology and the rubber industry.

Hydrogen bond competition driven cell wall deconstruction enables green extraction of Eucommia ulmoides gum using deep eutectic solvents

Zemin Ou,Qingxia Li,Lingyu Jia,Chao Chen,Hong Yi,Maoqing Wang,Chun Li,Zhimin Wang,Xiaoqian Liu

Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) is a natural trans−1,4-polyisoprene with promising applications in green elastomers and bio-based materials. However, its extraction is limited by strong confinement within a cellulose-hemicellulose-lignin matrix. This study aims to elucidate a hydrogen bond competition mechanism to enable efficient cell wall deconstruction and EUG release. Deep eutectic solvent systems were designed by tuning hydrogen bond donors and acceptors to selectively disrupt polysaccharide hydrogen bonding networks. The results show that hydrogen bond basicity, acidity, and viscosity collectively regulate solvent penetration and competitive interactions, with the choline chloride-lactic acid system providing the optimal balance between deconstruction efficiency and mass transfer. Spectroscopic analyses reveal pronounced weakening and rearrangement of cellulose and hemicellulose hydrogen bonding networks, which correlate with enhanced EUG release, structural loosening, and controlled molecular weight distribution. Coupling this system with petroleum ether extraction and optimizing conditions via response surface methodology achieves an EUG extraction yield of 20.76 ± 0.96%, with an extraction efficiency of 90.10 ± 4.17% and a purity of 98.24 ± 0.93%, while preserving EUG integrity. The extracted EUG retains its characteristic trans-1,4-polyisoprene structure and exhibits favorable thermal and mechanical properties. These findings provide a mechanism-driven basis for scalable and sustainable extraction processes and offer guidance for the rational design of solvent systems in industrial biomass valorization.

Effects of natural antioxidants on the oxidative stability of Eucommia ulmoides seed oil: Experimental and molecular simulation investigations

Lu Ruan,Ling Lu,Xiuying Zhao,Wanwei Xiong,Haiyan Xu,Sizhu Wu

Eucommia ulmoides seed oil with high health potential is prone to oxidative rancidity due to its rich unsaturated fatty acids. In this work, three natural antioxidants were selected for exploring the oxidation resistance of the oil compared with the common synthetic antioxidant BHT. Antioxidant activity and its dispersion and migration as well as oxygen barrier performance were predicted via the bond dissociation enthalpy ( BDE ), mean square displacement ( MSD ), binding energy ( E binding ) and permeability coefficient ( S ). The predicted comprehensive performance is as follows: myricetin  > epicatechin > caffeic acid > BHT. Free radical scavenging assay and Rancimat assay confirmed the antioxidant activity and protective effect on oil. That is the protective effect of three natural antioxidants on Eucommia ulmoides seed oil is better than BHT and myricetin shows the optimal comprehensive performance. The induction period of myricetin/lipid system increased 164.5% compared with the control. The experimental results are in good consistent with the simulation predictions.

Enhanced extraction performance of iridoids, phenolic acids from Eucommia ulmoides leaves by tailor-made ternary deep eutectic solvent

Lian Yu,Liu Cao,Yuan-Hang Chang,Cong-Jia Duan,Chang Liu,Xue-Lian Zhao,Gan-Lu Yue,Xi-Qing Wang,Yu-Jie Fu

In this work, an efficient and environmentally friendly extraction process was proposed to simultaneously obtain iridoids and phenolic acids from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver leaves (EUL). Namely, the integrated microwave-assisted ternary deep eutectic solvent extraction (TDES-MAE), which was firstly applied to extract compounds from EUL for the first time. In the tailor-made TDES system, tiny ascorbic acid (Vc) was added to modify the acidity of the binary deep eutectic solvents (BDES)composed of a 1:2 M ratio of Choline chloride/1,4-butanediol)to form TDES, which possess a higher extraction yield than BDES. Some factors including DES types, molar ratio, water content and selection of hydrogen bond donor (HBD) were investigated to get the superior TDES solvent. Then Box-Behnken design was implemented to acquire the optimum conditions, such as extraction time, extraction temperature, liquid-solid ratio were optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimal conditions, extraction efficiency of the TDES-MAE was significantly increased and 1.4-fold to the traditional method. Meanwhile, the excellent recovery and the antioxidant activity shown that the extraction system based on tailor-made TDES was economically productive and efficient for extracting more beneficial products from plants.

Extraction and Purification of Aucubin from Eucommia ulmoides Seed Draff in Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents Using Macroporous Resins

Yunhui Liao,Feng Chen,Haishan Tang,Wubliker Dessie,Zuodong Qin

Aucubin (AU) is an active ingredient that exerts strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of several diseases. In order to improve the efficiency of resource utilization of traditional biomass waste, Eucommia ulmoides seed-draff (EUSD) waste biomass was used as the raw material, and a series of deep eutectic solvents were selected to evaluate the extraction efficiency of aucubin from EUSD. A response surface experiment was designed based on a single-factor experiment to optimize the extract conditions. The results showed that the best conditions for aucubin extraction were an HBD–HBA ratio of 2.18, a liquid–solid ratio of 46.92 mL/g, a water percentage of 37.95%, a temperature of 321.03 K, and an extraction time of 59.55 min. The maximum amount of aucubin was 156.4 mg/g, which was consistent with the theoretical value (156.8 mg/g). Then, the performance of 12 resins for adsorption and desorption was contrasted. The results revealed that HPD950 resin exhibited the best performance, with an adsorption capacity of 95.2% and a desorption capacity of 94.3%. Additionally, the pseudo-second-order model provided the best match to the kinetics data, the Langmuir model provided the best fit to the isotherm data, and adsorption was a beneficial, spontaneous, exothermic, and physical process. In the recyclability test, the HPD950 resin had great potential and excellent sustainability in aucubin recovery. In the antioxidant activity study, the aucubin extract exerted a strong antioxidant ability with scavenging capabilities for four free radicals. Furthermore, the antifungal activity study found that the aucubin extract exhibited a good antifungal effect against 5 tested pathogens. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the extraction of high-value components from waste biomass by deep eutectic solvent and a certain application value for the development and utilization of natural aucubin products.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Fermentation Alters the Physicochemical Characteristics and Enhances the Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities of Eucommia ulmoides Leaf Polysaccharides

Eucommia ulmoidesleaf polysaccharides (EUPSs) are plant-derived macromolecules with antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential. This study investigated whether solid-state fermentation usingLactiplantibacillus plantarummodifies the physicochemical characteristics and bioactivity of EUPS. Unfermented and fermented polysaccharide fractions (EUPS and FEUPS, respectively) were compared for yield, monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, infrared characteristics, morphology, and radical-scavenging activity, and were further evaluated in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. Fermentation increased the recovery yield of the dried polysaccharide fraction to 19.45%, representing a 55.1% increase compared with the unfermented extraction, and altered the monosaccharide composition and molecular weight distribution while largely preserving the major functional groups. FEUPS exhibited a looser, more porous morphology, and stronger DPPH•, ABTS•+, and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activities than EUPS. In vivo, FEUPS improved body weight gain, histopathological features, serum immunoglobulin levels, hepatic antioxidant status, and splenic gene-expression profiles. Compared with the corresponding EUPS groups, FEUPS showed significant differences in selected immune- and antioxidant-related parameters, particularly at the medium dose. FEUPS was also associated with changes in cecal microbiota composition and correlations between bacterial taxa and host immune and antioxidant markers. Overall, fermentation improved the yield and functional properties of EUPS, highlighting the potential of FEUPS for incorporation into functional food products.

Preparation of Eucommia ulmoides lignin-based high-performance biochar containing sulfonic group: Synergistic pyrolysis mechanism and tetracycline hydrochloride adsorption

Yicong Chen,Jianting Liu,Qibin Zeng,Zuxue Liang,Xiaoxia Ye,Yuancai Lv,Minghua Liu

In this study, the sulfonic group was introduced to prepare high-performance Eucommia ulmoides lignin-based biochar, which was used to remove tetracycline hydrochloride. The BET area (2008 m 2  g −1 ) of sulfonated biochar was twice that of unmodified biochar. Through XRD and Raman analysis, the synergetic pyrolysis mechanism of the sulfonic group in the formation of the porous structure was discussed. Sulfonated biochar had excellent adsorption performance for tetracycline hydrochloride (Q m : 1163 mg g −1 ), while the adsorption performance of unmodified biochar was about only one-fourth (Q m : 277.7 mg g −1 ) of that. The adsorption of tetracycline hydrochloride by the sulfonated biochar was spontaneously endothermic and conformed to the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption process was confirmed by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Moreover, the sulfonic group on the sulfonated biochar significantly promoted the formation of the hydrogen bond and greatly improved the adsorption performance.

The simultaneous extraction and separation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic phytochemicals from Eucommia ulmoides seeds with green solvent CPME system

Duan Cong-Jia,Zhang Ying,Yu Lian,Chang Yuan-Hang,Xu Jian,Yue Gan-Lu,Han Xu,Wang Chen-Lu,Fu Yu-Jie

This work, an efficient method for simultaneous extraction and separation of different polarity phytochemicals from E. ulmoides seeds was developed with green solvent cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) system. Firstly, the green solvent CPME with optimal solubility for E. ulmoides seeds oil (EUO) was fast screened by Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs). Under optimum conditions: liquid–solid ratio of 20:1, ultrasound time of 60 min and ultrasound power of 60 W, 28.6% EUO and 6.4% aucubin (AU) were extracted by cyclopentyl methyl ether-ethyl alcohol (CPME-EtOH) system, which were 1.10- and 1.19-fold higher than that of traditional extraction. Meantime, the fatty acid composition and in vitro biological activity of EUO shown it had 86.99% unsaturated fatty acids and excellent antioxidant activity, non-cytotoxicity and lipid-lowering activity. Moreover, EUO had good physicochemical properties and met the standard of edible oil, which indicated EUO is a good oil source for medicine and food. Besides, the CPME that has been recycled six runs can still extract 25.6% EUO. In short, this study gave some guidance for simultaneous extraction and separation of hydrophobic oil and hydrophilic bioactive compounds from plant resources using green solvent instead of petrochemical solvents in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and other fields. Graphical abstract

Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis comprehensively revealed the underlying metabolite mechanism difference between Male and Female Eucommia ulmoides Oliver

Wang Pei-lu,You Jin-ling,Hua Qian-ming,Li Hua-qiang,Shi Qi,Li Wen-long,Sheng Yun-jie,Liu Kao-hua,He Bing-qian,Zhang Qiao-yan,Qin Lu-ping,Meng Xiong-yu

Background Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is a dioecious plant with great economic value, but the underlying metabolite mechanism difference between male and female E. ulmoides remain poorly understood.Results In this study, we integrated a dual-platform metabolomics approach with transcriptomics to systematically analyze differences in metabolite and gene expression in the cortex and leaves of male and female E. ulmoides. As a result, 1,452 metabolites (603 volatile, 849 non-volatile) were characterized, and 156 and 129 differentially accumulated metabolites were identified in FEC vs. MEC and FEF vs. MEF, respectively. The expression of key genes (PLA2G4, DOXs, LOX2S, and CEQORH) involved in alpha-linolenic acid metabolism was significantly altered in MEC. Similarly, the expression of key genes (CHS, FLS, DFR, and ANR) involved in flavonoid biosynthesis was significantly altered in MEF.Conclusion sOur findings shed light on the metabolite mechanism behind the metabolic differences between male and female E. ulmoides and contribute to the exploration of value utilization.