ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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2024
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IF 7.1
Jiancong Kang,Chuanshuang Hu,Xiaoqi Liu,Hongyang Zhou,Xiuyi Lin,Jin Gu
A facile one-pot method was reported for synthesizing magnetic cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) loaded with iron tetroxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. Initially, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was treated with a 1 M solution of ferric chloride (FeCl3) and hydrolyzed into CNCs. The FeCl3 played a dual role, acting both as a cellulose hydrolytic medium and as an Fe3O4 precursor. Subsequently, CNCs served as a stabilizing and sole reducing agent for the in situ formation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles during the solvothermal reaction. The impact of the cellulose substrate, reaction solvent, solvothermal time, and MCC solid-to-liquid ratio on the growth, morphology, and crystal structure of ferrite was investigated. Pure and small sphere-like Fe3O4 (∼30 nm) nanoparticles were successfully immobilized and reduced on the CNC surface when ethanol was used, and the solvent heating time was extended to 3–30 h. Complete reduction of Fe3+ to Fe3O4 was achieved when the MCC solid to FeCl3 solution ratio was higher than 1 g:75 mL. Under optimized conditions, the resulting CNC/Fe3O4 hybrid contained 33.3% Fe3O4 and exhibited a maximum saturation magnetization (Ms) value of 22.0 emu/g with low coercivity, making it promising for a wide range of applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2022
·
IF 4.326
Qing Sun,Hang Chen,Jianguo Yu
Lithium has been a high-demand element with the rapid development of lithium-ion batteries. The recovery of lithium from salt lake brine via solvent extraction is considered a promising technique. In this study, the solvent extraction process in the tributyl phosphate (TBP)–FeCl3/brine system was investigated. The order of metal ions competitively combining with TBP–FeCl3 was Li+ > Na+ > K+ > Mg2+, and the compositions of main cationic extraction complexes were Li(TBP)2(H2O)2+, Na(TBP)2(H2O)4+, K(TBP)2(H2O)4+, and Mg(TBP)2(H2O)42+, respectively. The energy decomposition analysis showed that the electrostatics was the major interaction between the metal ions and the solvent (TBP and water). Compared with water, TBP bound more competitively with the metal ions. The calculated species distribution results showed that the ferric ion reacted with the chloride ion to form FeCl2+, FeCl3, and FeCl4– in high Cl– concentration brine. Co-extractant FeCl3 was found to exist in the organic phase in the form of FeCl4– upon comparing the experimental and simulated spectra. Furthermore, the length of the Fe–Cl bond increased and the charge on the iron element was distracted when the FeCln3–n complexes coordinated with the water molecules. This indicated that FeCl4– was more stable in the TBP solvent environment and it can be extracted from the aqueous phase. The results help us understand the extraction mechanism in essence and develop a high-efficiency extraction solvent for industrial lithium recovery.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
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2024
·
IF 2
Chen Wang,Feng Wu,Yanfeng Sui,Guoxiong Wang,Tielin Wang,Jiayu Ma
The solubility of K2SiF6 in MgCl2 and FeCl3 solutions within a temperature range between 20 and 70 °C was experimentally determined by the static method under atmospheric pressure. The equilibrium solids obtained under various conditions were analyzed by XRD, SEM, and FTIR to confirm the stability of corresponding solid phases. The solubility of K2SiF6 in MgCl2 and FeCl3 solutions increased with increasing temperature and concentration, and K2SiF6 remained stable in MgCl2 and FeCl3 solutions. Moreover, the experimental data were successfully correlated with the Apelblat empirical equation. The thermodynamic properties of the solution process, including the Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy, were calculated by the van’t Hoff analysis and the Gibbs equation. The dissolution process of K2SiF6 in the measured solutions was found to be endothermic and nonspontaneous. The findings above can provide fundamental data and theoretical support for optimizing the crystallization of K2SiF6 in acid leaching solution from phosphorus–potassium associated ore and preventing scale formation of K2SiF6 in wet-process phosphoric acid (WPA) vacuum filtration.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Xuan Wang,Ting Xu,Han Zhang,Junjie Qi,Yaxuan Wang,Meng Zhang,Wei Liu,Zhanhui Yuan,Chuanling Si
The cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)/MXene composite film has been widely studied in the field of energy storage, sensing, etc. The carboxyl group in CNFs can form hydrogen bond interaction with −F, −O and –OH in MXene to preventing the self-stacking of MXene. In addition, for energy storage, carboxyl groups also promote ion transport in the electrolyte, improving electrochemical performance. Therefore, the green preparation for carboxylic CNFs is important. Herein, CNFs with high carboxyl content were prepared by introducing ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ) catalyst to promote the hydrolysis efficiency of bleached softwood kraft pulp (BSKP) by maleic acid (MA). It was found that the optimized CNFs demonstrated a narrow diameter distribution, high yield (90 %), high carboxyl content (0.5 mmol/g), and good thermal stability (T max was about 343 °C). In addition, the obtained CNFs were further combined with MXene by filtration to obtain a composite film, and the composite film was used for self-supporting electrodes. XRD showed increased layer spacing of MXene in composite film, indicating that CNFs effectively inhibited MXene self-stacking. CNFs/MXene film as the self-supporting electrode showed good electrochemical performance (areal capacitance of 2051.4 mF cm −2 at 2 mA cm −2 ) in three-electrode system.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源存储
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绿色化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Green Chemical Engineering
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2021
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IF 0
Yanlin Zhang,Xinyu Zhang,Guangren Yu,Xiaochun Chen,Ahmed A. Abdeltawab,Hany El-Hamshary
Ionic liquids have been extensively studied as solvents or catalysts for oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of diesel fuel, but it is still a challenge to reduce the desulfurization time and steps. In this work, a new highly efficient desulfurization system composed of CoFe 2 O 4 magnetic nanoparticle, [HMIM]Br-FeCl 3 and H 2 O 2 was developed for the ODS of FCC diesel fuel. The desulfurization performances were investigated including desulfurization time, temperature, volume ratio of IL/oil, O/S molar ratio, dosage of CoFe 2 O 4 , FeCl 3 content in ILs, regeneration, and reuse of catalyst and solvent. Owing to the coupled catalytic roles of CoFe 2 O 4 magnetic nanoparticle and [HMIM]Br-FeCl 3 , where Co 2+ and Fe 3+ interact with H 2 O 2 to produce • OH radical that converts S-compounds into sulfone and sulfoxide compounds, such a desulfurization system is highly effective in removing S-compound in diesel fuel. The S-content in FCC diesel fuel was reduced from the original 272.8 ppm to 0.5 ppm with 99.82% S-removal efficiency after one step within 8 min under the optimal conditions of 25 °C, 8 min, V (IL/oil) = 1:10, O/S = 20, 5 wt% CoFe 2 O 4 dosage and n ([HMIM]Br)/ n (FeCl 3 ) = 1:1; the desulfurization performance is much better in desulfurization time and steps than other desulfurization systems reported previously. The desulfurization system can be regenerated and reused without remarkable loss of desulfurization activity. A desulfurization mechanism was proposed.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
HYDROMETALLURGY
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2025
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IF 5.3
Minxiu Zhou,Hui Su,Yaoxian Hu,Wensen Liu,Zhaowu Zhu,Tao Qi,Daoyong Lin
The increasing adoption of lithium-ion batteries in new energy sectors has substantially increased lithium consumption. Chilean salt lakes consist of high concentrations of Li + , (1.14 g/L) and Ca 2+ (>10 g/L) and low concentration of Cl − (<200 g/L). The TBP-FeCl 3 system can efficiently extract lithium from high Mg brine, but the system has not yet been studied in low chloride and high calcium brine. In this paper, the effect of different extraction, scrubbing, and stripping conditions on the lithium extraction percentage from this type of brine was investigated using a TBP-FeCl 3 system. The results indicated that 100 % TBP mixed with brine containing 15–20 g/L Fe 3+ and 0.05 mol/L HCl at O/A = 1:1, extracted 52.9 % of Li + and produced an organic phase of 0.72 g/L Li + , accompanied by Ca 2+ and Na + concentrations of 2.82 g/L and 2.47 g/L, respectively. The extraction percentage of Li + reached 74.2 % after a four-stage extraction process. The loaded organic phase was scrubbed with 4 mol/L LiCl solution at O/A = 1:1, and the scrubbing percentage of the impurity ions was >90 %. The scrubbed organic phase was stripped by simulated counter-current stripping by 2.5 mol/L HCl at O/A = 15:1 for ten stages, and the recovery of Li + was 80.3 %. The stripping solution had a Li + concentration of 25.3 g/L and an impurity ion concentration of <1 g/L and the loss of Fe 3+ was <100 mg/L. The TBP-FeCl 3 extraction system offers the efficient and direct extraction of lithium from Chilean brine and provides technical support for the clean mining of lithium resources in South American salt lakes.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
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2022
·Vol. 46
·期 15
·22971-22990
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IF 4.672
Guofeng Qiu,Yang Guo,Jie Xu,Wenke Jia,Sixi Guo,Hongguan Wang,Fanhui Guo,Jianjun Wu
Summary Herein, a green and novel FeCl 3 -catalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment method is adopted to convert the bamboo shavings waste into bamboo-based hierarchical porous carbons (BHPCs) with ultra-high specific surface area and excellent electrochemical properties. Utilizing this mild FeCl 3 catalyst can not only promote the dehydration, condensation, and carbonization of bamboo shavings to catalyze the formation of hydrochar, but also facilitate the development of the pore structure of hydrochar. Moreover, the effects of different FeCl 3 solution concentrations, activation temperatures, and KOH/hydrochar ratios on the pore structure of BHPCs and the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors are thoroughly investigated. Compared with the hydrothermal carbonization without FeCl 3 addition, the BHPCs (1-BHPC-800-5) electrode materials obtained by FeCl 3 -catalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment have superior specific surface area (up to 3688 m 2 g −1 ) and total pore volume (as high as 1.989 cm 3 g −1 ). Meanwhile, the best-performing 1-BHPC-800-5 demonstrates outstanding electrochemical performance in supercapacitor applications, providing a pleasant capacitance of 378 F g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 and capacitance retention of 96.6% after 10 000 charge/discharge cycles at 5.0 A g −1 in 6.0 M KOH electrolyte. The energy density can reach 10.3 Wh kg −1 at a power density of 250 W kg −1 in a two-electrode system. Therefore, this novel and efficient catalytic hydrothermal pretreatment method offers a promising prospect for converting waste biomass into hierarchical porous carbon materials with a large specific surface area and excellent electrochemical properties. Key Points Adopting a green FeCl 3 -catalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment method to convert bamboo shavings waste into BHPCs. BHPCs exhibit a hierarchical porous structure and an ultra-high specific surface area (up to 3688 m 2 g −1 ). A very high capacitive performance (378 F g −1 at 0.5 Ag −1 ) is achieved. The excellent rate performance (nearly 71% capacitance retention), outstanding cycle stability (capacitance retention of 96.6% after 10 000 charge/discharge cycles) and large energy density (10.3 Wh kg −1 at 250 W kg −1 ) are demonstrated.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RENEWABLE ENERGY
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2024
·
IF 9
Yanbing Li,Jiayue Ma,Rui Pan,Ting Wang
The efficient use of wood powder has become increasingly important for protecting the environment and addressing energy shortages. In this study, a proton exchange membrane electrolysis system was utilized to convert biomass into valuable industrial chemicals and hydrogen using ferric ions as redox mediators , reduced reaction costs. GC-MC analysis revealed that the degradation products are mainly consisted of aromatic carbonyl compounds , along with some alcohols, phenols , and alkanes. The degradation efficiency was found to be 55.6 %, and the Faraday’s hydrogen production efficiency exceeds 92.6 %. Moreover, Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ redox mediators was recycled in the electrolysis system, maintaining high reactivity. This research introduces a new approach for the degradation of wood powder, offering potential for sustainable industrial production and a reduction in environmental impact.
研究领域:
能源与环境科学
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催化化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2020
·
IF 5.162
Pan Hu,Jie Ren,Xinyu Hu,Hu Yang
Two laboratory-made cationic starch-based flocculants (St-CTA and St-AD) with different chain architectures were used to simultaneously remove phosphorus and turbidity from two simulated wastewaters and one actual wastewater with laboratory and pilot scales, respectively, in conjunction with FeCl 3 . A commercial polyacrylamide (PAM) has been also tried and compared with aforementioned starch-based flocculants. The removal extents of phosphorus and turbidity increased, the required dosages of FeCl 3 decreased, and floc properties improved after dosing each polymeric flocculant after FeCl 3 in all tested wastewaters due to their synergistic effects. However, the three flocculants exhibited different improvement efficiencies on the treated wastewaters containing different forms of phosphorus and showed various synergistic mechanisms owing to their distinct structural features. In inorganic–phosphorus-simulated wastewater, the linear nonionic PAM with a high molecular weight had a more notable contribution than the two starch-based flocculants due to its efficient bridging flocculation effect. Given the branched-chain structure and high positive charge density of St-AD, it had a higher efficiency in treating real wastewater and organic–phosphorus-simulated wastewater than PAM and linear cationic St-CTA. These results may serve as references for the design and selection of a suitable flocculant in treating target wastewaters.
研究领域:
环境科学
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污水处理
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2024
·
IF 3.8
Yifan Zhang,Xiao Geng,Huining Deng,Zhuojun Jiang,Benzheng Xia,Liangrong Yang,Zheng Li
The TBP/FeCl3 solvent extraction (SX) system exhibits a high selectivity of lithium over magnesium from magnesium-rich brines, but it suffers from the difficulty of lithium stripping. The addition of 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexy ester (P507) as a modifier to the TBP/FeCl3 system significantly enhances the stripping efficiency of the extraction system by controlling the Fe3+ coordination. However, the performance of other acidic extractants similar to P507 has not yet been investigated. In this work, we systematically compared the performance of the four most commonly used commercial acidic extractants, namely, P507, di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (P204), bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272), and neodecanoic acid (Versatic Acid 10) as modifiers in the TBP/FeCl3 system. It was found that the addition of P204, P507, or Cyanex 272 slightly suppressed the extraction of lithium but Versatic Acid 10 did not; the coextraction of magnesium followed the order P507 > P204 ≈ Cyanex 272 > Versatic Acid 10. Importantly, the ability of the modifiers to keep Fe3+ in the organic phase is correlated with their acidity, i.e., P204 > P507 > Cyanex 272 ≫ Versatic Acid 10. Overall, P204 and P507 exhibited comparable performance, and they both surpassed Cyanex 272 and Versatic Acid 10.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
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IF 9
Yang Peng,Xianqing Zhu,Qian Shen,Yun Huang,Ao Xia,Jingmiao Zhang,Xun Zhu,Qiang Liao
Co-hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC) of microalgae and lignocellulosic biomass can boost co-hydrochar yield and nitrogen retention rate, but the co-hydrochar still suffers from low nitrogen content and porosity. Accordingly, in this study, FeCl 3 , NH 4 Cl and melamine were employed as additives to intensify the co-HTC process of microalgae (CP) and corn stalk (CS), and their impacts on the co-hydrochar yield, physicochemical properties and nitrogen transformation pathways were firstly investigated comprehensively. The results indicated that adding FeCl 3 increased co-hydrochar’s specific surface area, but the oxidation power of Fe 3+ facilitated nitrogen into the aqueous-phase products, leading to the nitrogen distribution in aqueous-phase products reaching up to 83.51 %. Melamine incorporation increased the nitrogen content of co-hydrochar (6.95 %) and oil-phase products, while reduced co-hydrochar’s porosity. NH 4 Cl was the most effective additive for nitrogen-doped hydrochar production, simultaneously increasing the yield (40.24 %), nitrogen content (8.93 %) and specific surface area (9.12 m 2 g −1 ) of co-hydrochar. The nitrogen transformation mechanism during NH 4 Cl-assisted co-HTC process could be divided into two stages. At the first stage (200 ℃–240 ℃), the NH 4 + in NH 4 Cl could react with hydrolysis intermediates (Maillard and Mannich reactions) to generate heterocyclic nitrogen compounds entering the oil-phase, which would further react with the oxygen-containing functional groups to facilitate the nitrogen enrichment in the co-hydrochar. At the second stage (240 ℃–280 ℃), a portion of hydrochar would undergo secondary degradation and formed water-soluble nitrogen-rich small molecules, which were transferred to the aqueous-phase products again. This study demonstrated the high feasibility of additive-assisted co-HTC for producing high-quality nitrogen-rich carbon materials.
研究领域:
环境科学
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生物质能
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2023
·
IF 5.9
Shuyang He,Feng Shu,Xianglin Liu,Ke Yan,Shijie Lei,Yupeng Liu,Mingu Zhou,Hang Yu,Junhua Zhang,Fangxia Yang
Pretreatment method is one of the key factors to improve the quality of nanocellulose (NC) production. As a green novel solvent, ternary deep eutectic solvent (TDES) plays an important role in production of lignin-containing nanocellulose (LNC), however, higher reaction temperature would limit its industrial application. Herein, a novel strategy of FeCl 3 -catalyzed TDES (F-TDES) pretreatment combined microfluidization was proposed to produce LNC from poplar ( PopulusL. ) at lower temperature (80 °C). The TDES was composed of choline chloride, lactic acid, and p -toluenesulfonic acid in a molar ratio of 2:10:1. When the optimum dose of FeCl 3 in per gram TDES system was 0.15 mmol (i.e. about 3.9% based on the weight of F-TDES), ribbon-like LNCs about 28.68 nm wide and 3.46 nm thick were obtained, which were smaller than that of lignin-free nanocellulose attained from the same preparation conditions. The LNC, lignin content 18.93%, displayed good dispersion stability in water and higher cellulose I crystallinity (57.8%) and thermal stability (T max =376 °C). Especially, the LNC exhibited more excellent emulsification performance and emulsion stability than NC, which was closely associated with its good amphiphilicity. Within the studied LNC concentration (0.1–0.4%) and oil/water mass ratio (20:80–50:50), increasing LNC concentration and/or oil/water mass ratio was beneficial for the stability of Pickering emulsions. The findings not only provide a milder route for producing LNC from lignocellulose , but also prove LNC would have promising prospects in emulsion systems.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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纳米技术
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胶体科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）