JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
·
2014
·
IF 4.258
Wenhua Ji,Lingxiao Chen,Xiuli Ma,Xiao Wang,Qianshan Gao,Yanling Geng,Luqi Huang
Molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) with high selectivity and affinity to gastrodin in water were designed using allyl 2,3,4,6-tetra- O -acetyl-glucopyranoside (TAGL) and 1,2,3,4,5-pentafluoro-6-vinylbenzene (PFVB) as novel functional monomers. Binding characterization of pre-polymerization complexes was researched by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and the MIPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The properties involving adsorption isotherm, adsorption kinetics and selective recognition capacity were evaluated. The MIPs/TAGL exhibited good site accessibility in which it only took 30 min to achieve adsorption equilibrium and highly selective recognition for the template. Furthermore, the performance of the MIPs/TAGL as solid phase extraction material was investigated in detail and hot water at 50 °C served as the eluting solvent. Pure gastrodin with the recovery of 76.6% was obtained from the aqueous extract of Gastrodia elata roots.
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高影响因子
Foods
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 24
·4265
·
IF 5.1
Yan Yang,Longxing Guo,Yongguo Li,Miaomiao Ji,Tingting He,Kaiming Hou,Jian Li,Haonan Zhang,Zhilong Shi,Haizhu Zhang
Background: Gastrodiae Rhizoma, the dried tuber ofGastrodia elataBl. (Orchidaceae), is a traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) and edible plant. Its quality formation is closely associated with rhizosphere microorganisms; however, the specific underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods: Tubers and rhizosphere soils were collected from seven major production regions ofG. elata. Soil physicochemical properties were analyzed, and integrative analyses combining soil microbiome and untargeted metabolome profiling were conducted. The anti-inflammatory activity ofG. elataextracts was evaluated using a RAW264.7 macrophage model. Multivariate statistical approaches, including OPLS-DA and correlation network analysis, were used to decipher relationships among environmental factors, microbial communities, metabolic profiles, and bioactivities. Results: A total of 39,250 bacterial ASVs and 10,544 fungal ASVs were identified. The bacterial community, dominated byProteobacteriaandAcidobacteria, was strongly influenced by soil chemical factors, including pH and total nitrogen. The fungal community, primarily composed ofAscomycotaandBasidiomycota, exhibited marked sensitivity to altitudinal gradients. Correlation analysis revealed that key secondary metabolites, including flavonoids and phenolic acids, along with their anti-inflammatory activities, were significantly associated with rhizosphere microorganisms such asEdaphobaculum,Hypocrea, andPseudomonas. Conclusions: Our findings outline the pathways connecting environmental factors, the microbiome, and functional metabolites inG. elata, highlighting the importance of environmental–microbial interactions in determining metabolic outcomes. This work provides new insights into the ecological and molecular mechanisms behind the quality formation of this medicinal plant.
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PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 8.8
Qi Zhao,Yicheng Zhou,Cong Wang,Mingxuan Li,Shan Zhu,Chang Xue,De Ji,Yuwen Qin,Chengxi Jiang
Gastrodia elata Bl. ( GE ), a widely utilized edible and functional material, exhibits notable quality variations due to distinct growing conditions across different geographical origins, making reliable methods for origin authentication and quality evaluation essential. This study integrated machine vision, flash GC e-nose and HPLC to analyze GE samples from Anhui (AH), Shaanxi (SN), and Yunnan (YN) provinces in China. Results showed comparable color characteristics among geographical origins, but distinct textural differences: SN samples displayed more complex textures with higher surface roughness, YN samples showed richer textural details but less distinct edges and lower periodicity, while AH samples exhibited smoother surfaces. Eleven flavor compounds were identified as potential flavor markers. Although no significant differences were found in the total content of six marker components, three linear machine learning models (PLS, SVM, and LDA) established based on multidimensional features achieved 100% classification accuracy in training and prediction sets, providing a reliable approach for GE geographical origin traceability.
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高影响因子
Forests
·
2026
·Vol. 17
·期 8
·956
·
IF 3.1
Yong Wang,Yongyao Li,Zhongjun Cheng,Caiyun Wang,Min Liu,Maochang Zhou,Xiangyu Zhang
Under-forest wild-simulated cultivation ofGastrodia elataBl.f. glauca S. Chow(Wu Tianma, WTM) offers a viable pathway for reconciling ecological conservation with economic and health benefits, yet optimal seed tuber regimes remain understudied. We established nine planting regimes varying in single-tuber weight and per-hole dosage in a karst plateau area, monitored tuber yield and bioactive components (gastrodin,p-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol, and parishin), and evaluated performance via one-way ANOVA and a comprehensive index. At equal per-hole dosage, individual tubers of 10–15 g achieved the highest comprehensive index (57.13%), whereas those <5 g performed poorly (28.66%). With respect to seeding rate, the maximum yield (5.27 kg/m2) was achieved at 250 g per hole, while the highest combined content of gastrodin andp-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (0.29%) and the peak parishin content were observed at 350 g and 150 g per hole, respectively. While tuber weight and seeding rate significantly affected yield, they had minor impacts on bioactive composition, suggesting that medium-sized seed tubers with moderately increased dosage can synergistically improve yield and quality. Our findings provide empirical benchmarks for germplasm selection and agronomic optimization in WTM cultivation, and call for multi-scale studies integrating soil microbiota and microclimate to unravel cascading mechanisms for sustainable quality enhancement.
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高影响因子
Food Packaging and Shelf Life
·
2025
·
IF 10.6
Lihui Zhang,Dahui Liu,Qiyong Jiang,Qing Sun
Gastrodia elata ( G. elata ), a traditional medicinal and edible plant, is susceptible to quality deterioration through enzymatic browning and microbial spoilage during storage. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) derived from Chrysanthemum morifolium leaves (CQDs-Leaf) and stems (CQDs-Stem) combined with sodium alginate and konjac glucomannan as coatings were developed to enhance antioxidant and antifungal activity of coating, extending the shelf life of G. elata . The effects of CQDs on the physicochemical, structural, and functional activity of nanocomposite particles were evaluated. CQDs exhibited strong antioxidant capacity (IC 50 of CQDs-Leaf for ABTS and DPPH radicals were 50.90 μg/mL and 54.45 μg/mL, respectively), and inhibitory effects against dominant spoilage fungi of G. elata ( T. harzianum and F. redolens ). Moreover, CQDs-Leaf in coating with smaller particle size (100–113 nm) and hydroxyl-rich surfaces, reduced weight loss and disease incidence over 40-day storage by enhancing phenylpropanoid enzyme activities and suppressing lipid peroxidation. CQDs-Stem coating inhibited fungal growth via electrostatic adhesion, reducing decay of G. elata . CQDs coatings delayed rot onset by 10–15 days through regulating phenylpropanoid pathway. This study provides a sustainable strategy utilizing biomass-derived nanomaterials for bioactive food preservation, offering significant potential to reduce postharvest losses of perishable medicinal plants while promoting resource-efficient utilization of agricultural byproducts.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
·
2016
·
IF 3.926
Xiao-Dong Ma,Ya-Xi Fan,Can-Can Jin,Fei Wang,Gui-Zhong Xin,Ping Li,Hui-Jun Li
Gastrodia elata tuber (GET) has been widely used as a famous herbal medicine in China and other East Asian countries. In this work, we developed a comprehensive strategy integrating targeted and non-targeted analyses for quality evaluation and discrimination of GET from different geographical origins and cultivars. Firstly, 43 batches of GET samples of five cultivars from three regions in China were efficiently quantified by a “single standard to determine multi-components” (SSDMC) method. Six marker compounds were simultaneously determined within 11 min using gastrodin as the internal standard. It showed that samples from different regions and cultivars could not be differentiated by the contents of six marker compounds. Secondly, a non-targeted metabolite profiling analysis was performed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS). Samples from different geographical origins and cultivars were clearly discriminated by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). 147 discriminant ions contributing to the group separation were selected from 1194 aligned variables. Furthermore, based on the relative intensities of discriminant ions, support vector machines (SVM) was employed to predict the geographical origins of GET. The obtained SVM model showed excellent prediction performance with an average prediction accuracy of 100%. These results demonstrated that the UHPLC-QTOF/MS-based non-targeted metabolite profiling analysis, as a vital supplement to targeted analysis, can be used to discriminate the geographical origins and cultivars of GET.
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JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
·
2024
·
IF 4
Jinfang Ma,Fengjie Xu,Xue Zhou,Hai Yin,Hui Wang,Caiyun Wang,Jiaze Chen,Baiheng Xie,Fahuan Ge,Furong Huang
Gastrodia elata Blume (Tianma) is widely cultivated and consumed as a food and herbal material in China. With its increasing use as a functional food, Tianma is gaining popularity in the market. However, during the cultivation process, the harvest time affects its maturity and storage time, while the total content of gastrodin (GAS) and p -hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HA) affects its nutritional value , making it difficult to control the quality of Tianma. In this study, a combination of visible-near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics was used to identify the harvest time and determine the quality indicator content. A Vis-NIRRamanNet modeling method based on the architecture of RamanNet was proposed and compared with harvest time discrimination models constructed using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN). The results demonstrated that Vis-NIRRamanNet exhibited superior performance, achieving accuracy rates of 0.995 and 0.973 on the training and testing sets, respectively. Subsequently, Vis-NIR spectroscopy combined with support vector regression (SVR) was employed for quantitative analysis of quality indicator content. Wavelength selection methods such as uninformative variable elimination (UVE), genetic algorithm (GA), and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) were utilized to optimize the model. The results indicated that the CARS-SVR model provided the best prediction of quality indicator content, with root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and coefficient of determination ( R p 2 ) values of 0.257 and 0.901, respectively. Therefore, the combination of Vis-NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics shows significant potential in assisting the selection of high-quality Tianma.
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高影响因子
Plants-Basel
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 12
·1866
·
IF 4.1
Yaxing Yan,Mei Jiang,Pengjie Han,Xiaohu Lin,Xiao Wang
The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene plays a pivotal role in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis process, contributing significantly to glycosyl donor synthesis, plant growth and development, and stress responses.Gastrodia elataBl., a heterotrophic plant in the Orchidaceae family, has its dried tubers used as the traditional Chinese medicine. This study identified threeGeGAPDHgenes inG. elata, all encoding basic, stable, hydrophilic proteins. Phylogenetic analysis and subcellular localization predictions categorizedGeGAPDH1as a plastid subtype, whileGeGAPDH2andGeGAPDH3were classified as cytoplasmic subtypes. Prokaryotic expression experiments demonstrated successful expression of the GeGAPDH1 protein inEscherichia coli, which exhibited significant GAPDH enzymatic activity. Subcellular localization experiments showed that GeGAPDH1 was localized in the plastid. Expression analysis indicated that the threeGeGAPDHgenes were predominantly expressed in tubers. Under low-temperature stress, although the total GAPDH enzyme activity in tubers did not change significantly, the expression ofGeGAPDH1was significantly up-regulated, whileGeGAPDH2andGeGAPDH3were significantly down-regulated. This suggests that different subtypes ofGeGAPDHmay regulate cold resistance through different pathways. Upon pathogen infection, theGeGAPDHgene family exhibited pathogen-specific regulatory patterns. During infection byFusarium oxysporum, both the expression levels of all threeGeGAPDHgenes and the total GAPDH enzyme activity in tubers increased significantly; however,F. solaniinfection induced a significant increase in total GAPDH enzyme activity without significant changes in gene expression. These results suggest that theGeGAPDHgene family may respond to different pathogen infections through transcriptional or translational regulation mechanisms. This study systematically identified and characterized theGeGAPDHgene family inG. elata, providing a theoretical foundation for understanding the functional differentiation ofGAPDHin heterotrophic plants.
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PubMed
高影响因子
Separations
·
2026
·Vol. 13
·期 10
·291
·
IF 3.5
Jie Li,Hongyan Liu,Haidan Zou,Du Lv,Heyuan Jiang
To promote the comprehensive utilization ofGastrodia elata(GE) resources, an efficient ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method was developed to enrich gastrodin (GAS) and phenolic constituents, which possess sedative, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective activities and exhibit promising application prospects for nutraceutical, functional food and pharmaceutical fields. Extraction parameters were optimized using a Box–Behnken design (three factors, three levels; R2= 0.9745, adjusted R2= 0.9417, lack-of-fitp= 0.5599). The optimized conditions were 65% ethanol, a liquid–solid ratio of 30 mL/g, and 60 min; the model-predicted GAS yield was 4.005 mg/g DW. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS tentatively identified 32 constituents, and HPLC quantified six major compounds: parishin A (9.233 mg/g DW), parishin B (5.281 mg/g DW), GAS (4.215 mg/g DW), parishin E (3.950 mg/g DW), parishin C (1.233 mg/g DW), and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (0.871 mg/g DW). At 100–400 μg/mL, the extract significantly elevated SOD/GSH levels, reduced ALT/AST in a 3% ethanol-induced HepG2 hepatotoxicity model, and suppressed LPS-stimulated TNF-α/IL-6 while increasing IL-10 in RAW 264.7 macrophages (n= 3). It should be noted that anti-inflammatory assays in the present work were performed without dedicated positive reference compounds. Further investigations are required to validate bioactivities in vivo, test individual isolated constituents, and evaluate scalability together with formulation feasibility. This work provides a green, efficient strategy for the high-value utilization of GE bioactives.
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高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2023
·
IF 8.8
Jiu-ba Zhang,Bin Wang,Yun-fei Zhang,Yi Wu,Ming-xuan Li,Ting Gao,Tu-lin Lu,Zhen-hua Bian,Lian-lin Su
Gastrodia elata (GE) is traditionally subjected to steaming, and steaming duration plays a crucially important role in determining GE quality. This study examined the variations in bioactive components during the steaming process and proposed the utilization of electronic eye and Fourier Transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy for quality assessment. The findings revealed that the levels of parishin E parishin B, parishin A, and gastrodin initially rose and subsequently declined, while 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol exhibited a rapid decrease followed by stabilization. With prolonged steaming, the brightness of GE decreased, while the red and yellow tones became more pronounced and the color saturation increased. FT-NIR divided the steaming process into three stages: 0 min (raw GE), 0–9 min (partially steamed GE), and 9–30 min (fully steamed GE), and the partial least squares regression models effectively predicted the levels of five components. Overall, this study provided valuable insights into quality control in food processing.
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PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2026
·
IF 8.7
Lihui Zhang,Jieni Liu,Yunsi Ran,Chung Lim Law,Linlin Zhao,Dahui Liu
This study reports an innovative, eco-friendly high-voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) approach for synthesizing konjac glucomannan-ferulic acid (KGM-FC) conjugates and evaluates their efficacy as edible coatings for preserving fresh Gastrodia elata . HVEF treatment (10–30 kV, 20 min) successfully induced covalent grafting between KGM and FC, achieving optimal performance at 20 kV with a grafting ratio of 42.93%, significantly higher than physical mixtures (28.83%). Structural characterization using UV–Vis, FT-IR, and SEM confirmed successful covalent bond formation, while XRD and TGA analyses revealed reduced crystallinity and modified thermal stability in the conjugates. The HVEF-synthesized KGM-FC conjugates exhibited enhanced in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH scavenging >65% at 2.5 mg/mL) and dose-dependent antifungal efficacy (complete inhibition of T. harzianum and F. redolens at 3.2 mg/mL). When applied as edible coatings (1% w / v ) via spraying, the HVEF-treated KGM-FC-20 formulation significantly extended G. elata shelf-life during 50-day storage, reducing weight loss by 29.79%, suppressing microbial growth (5.23 vs. 7.69 log CFU/g in control), and preserving flavonoid content (1.61-fold higher than control). This work establishes HVEF as a promising, scalable, and sustainable technology for fabricating functional polysaccharide-polyphenol conjugates with enhanced preservation properties. The resulting coatings demonstrate significant potential for extending shelf-life, maintaining post-harvest quality, and reducing microbial spoilage of fresh produce, offering a green and effective alternative to conventional chemical synthesis methods for food preservation applications. Future studies should investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of HVEF-induced grafting and explore scale-up feasibility for commercial applications.
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PubMed
高影响因子
ANALYTICAL LETTERS
·
2019
·
IF 1.248
Bocheng Yu,Zhen Li,Jinyi Wu,Jiamin Ying,Yuqing Tang,Bingchu Wu,Chunlan Tang,Jinyan Xu
A high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC–FLD) and principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were developed for the quality control of Gastrodia elata. The developed protocols were successfully applied to the analysis and evaluation of 47 batches of this material from eight regions. A standard fluorescence fingerprint for G. elata was established based on 12 common peaks measured in all samples and the similarities between sample fingerprints and standard fingerprint were almost greater than 0.85. The results of PCA and HCA analysis showed that the samples from the eight regions could be classified into three groups. The correlation between the fingerprints and antioxidant activities was investigated by a stepwise regression model and Pearson correlation analysis. Gastrodigenin and parishin E were screened and validated as potential antioxidant markers of G. elata. This study provides a valuable reference for the evaluation of G. elata and other herbal medicines or their related foods.
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）