Molybdenum (Mo) doping has been recognized as an effective strategy to enhance the low-bias performance of hematite (Fe2O3) photoanodes in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. This study develops a mild hydrothermal strategy for incorporating Mo into Fe2O3 photoanodes, forming a Mo–O–Fe surface layer while avoiding the morphological degradation associated with conventional calcination. Although this modification enhances bulk charge separation and surface charge injection, the resulting Mo–O–Fe interface suppresses the functionality of directly deposited FeNi oxyhydroxide cocatalysts, yielding limited performance gains. To overcome this limitation, a hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP) interlayer is introduced, which enables synergistic cooperation among the three components. It is plausible that HEDP acts as a hole-transfer mediator, shuttling holes from Mo–O–Fe surface states to the FeNi cocatalyst. The optimized FeNi/HEDP/Mo-Fe2O3 photoanode achieves a notable photocurrent density of 1.26 mA cm−2 at a low bias of 0.90 V vs. RHE and an onset potential of 0.59 V vs. RHE. The synergistic combination of mild hydrothermal doping and molecular interfacial engineering presented here provides a conceptual blueprint for the rational design of photoelectrodes, highlighting the critical need to manage interfacial charge dynamics to achieve high efficiency in the low-bias regime.
The pervasive and highly stable organophosphate, 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) in electroplating wastewater poses a significant challenge to conventional treatment due to its recalcitrant nature. Herein, we report a novel, solar-driven electro-Fenton (EF) system for the efficient degradation of HEDP and simultaneous recovery of phosphorus. This system uniquely features an apricot shell biochar-modified graphite felt (BCGF) cathode, which facilitates in-situ H 2 O 2 generation. Crucially, the process synergistically activates trace endogenous Cu(II) (0.02 mmol/L) within the wastewater, promoting the generation of the highly potent oxidant, Cu(III), for HEDP degradation. Under optimized conditions (50 °C), the system achieved 97.6% HEDP removal within 60 min. Mechanistic investigations revealed that elevated temperatures (from 10 °C to 50 °C) accelerated the Cu(I)/Cu(III) redox cycle, further enhancing degradation efficiency. The BCGF cathode exhibited exceptional stability, maintaining high performance over 30 consecutive cycles. Entirely driven by solar energy, the system achieved over 94% HEDP removal in 60 min, presenting a sustainable and cost-effective strategy for treating persistent organophosphorus pollutants and valorizing waste resources. Solar-Driven Cu(II)/BCGF system also demonstrated excellent performance in treating complex simulated electroplating wastewater, achieving an 84.7% degradation rate of 1761 mg/L (8.55 mmol/L) HEDP within 7 h.
Inhalation of aerosolized uranium is recognized as a principal mode of exposure, posing significant risks of damage to the lungs, kidneys, and other vital organs. To enhance nuclide elimination from the body, chelating agents are employed; however, single-component chelators often exhibit limited spectral activity and low effectiveness, resulting in toxicologically relevant concentrations. We have developed a composite chelating agent composed of 3,4,3-Li(1,2-HOPO), DFP, and HEDP in optimized ratios, demonstrating marked improvements in eliminating inhaled uranium. The selection of these components was initially guided by an agarose gel dynamics method, focusing on uranium binding and removal efficacy. Optimization of the formula was conducted through response surface methodology in a cellular model. The compound’s ability to enhance survival rates in mice subjected to acute uranium inhalation was confirmed, showing a dose-dependent improvement in survival in severely affected mice. Comparative assessments indicated that this multifaceted chelating agent substantially surpasses the uranium tissue clearance achieved by individual chelating agents.
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