JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 3.5
Xin Yu,Zhengyi Zhao,Guofei Zhang,Sirong Li,Songnan Qin,Yanzhi Yang,Zhiyong Yan,Yuhan Yang,Xuechun Xiao
This study systematically investigates the relationship between the solvent used, the crystal morphology of MnCo 2 O 4.5 , and its thermocatalytic activity using the solvent thermal method. By tweaking the urea content in the solvothermal process and the ethanol/glycol ratio in the reaction solvents, the shape and size of the MnCo 2 O 4.5 precursor were controlled by altering the crystal growth direction and rate. The MnCo 2 O 4.5 material with “litchi” core-shell structure with maximum specific surface area and abundant pore structure is prepared when the addition amount of urea is 27 mmol and the solvent is ethanol/glycol (20:40 mL). This material reduces the high thermal decomposition temperature ( T HTD ) of ammonium perchlorate (AP) from 473.48 °C to 274.86 °C and increases the exothermic amount from 888.26 J g −1 to 1654.03 J g −1 . Compared to pure AP (296.8 kJ mol −1 ), the activation energy ( E a ) of AP + 2.0 wt% MnCo 2 O 4.5 catalytic material decreases to 61.1 kJ mol −1 . Applying the “litchi” core-shell structured MnCo 2 O 4.5 to the hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene composite solid propellant (HTPB-CSP) enhances combustion intensity, reducing the time to peak combustion from 390 ms for pure AP to 265 ms and ignition delay from 35 ms to 21 ms. The experimental results indicate that the “litchi” MnCo 2 O 4.5 boosts AP thermal decomposition and improves HTPB-CSP combustion.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
燃烧与推进
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Omega
·
2023
·
IF 4.1
Jie Liu,Deqi Wang,Guozhen Xu,Fengsheng Li
Due to the high mass calorific value, boron powder is widely used in energetic material systems such as solid propellants and ignition powders. Especially, boron powder has very broad application prospects in the field of fuel-rich propellants. However, due to the cross-linking reaction between the boric acid contained on the surface of boron powder and an adhesive called hydroxylated polybutadiene (HTPB), the viscosity of the propellant mixture system increases sharply, which seriously affects the preparation of the propellant. In this paper, “click chemistry” is intended to be used to graft the functional groups on the surface of boron powder to reduce the viscosity of the boron powder and HTPB in the initial mixing stage. In addition, a rheometer was used to test the viscosity of the boron powder and the HTPB system. The test results showed that compared to the viscosity of the raw boron powder system at 24.1 Pa·s, the mixing termination viscosity of the grafted sample was 17.1 Pa·s, a decrease of 29.0%.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2025
·
IF 2
Lina Xie,Kaifeng Lin,Wenlong Huo,Xueying Sun,Xuhui Chi,Chengyuan Zhao,Fengtao Zhang,Junzhuo Li,Yulin Yang,Debin Xia,Jian Zhang
Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant faces the problem of aging from casting to use. Generally, the aging degree of HTPB propellant is evaluated by a destructive mechanical property test. Therefore, it is necessary to seek a new evaluation method. Electrical performance is a method that can achieve nondestructive testing. However, there are few studies on the electrical properties of HTPB propellant during aging. In this paper, the aging process of HTPB propellant was investigated based on volume resistivity, an inherent electrical property of materials that can reflect the obstructive effect of unit volume materials on current. It is concluded that the volume resistivity of HTPB propellant under aging at 70°C increases first and then decreases. The variation in internal structure during the aging of HTPB propellant was derived from the equilibrium dissolution method. HTPB propellant undergoes mainly post-curing, oxidative crosslinking, and degradation chain-breaking reactions during the aging process, with the occurrence of the first two reactions leading to an increase in volume resistivity, while the degradation chain-breaking reaction is the opposite. Combined with the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test, oxidizing substances test, and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy test, the changes of HTPB propellant in the aging process and the reasons for the change of volume resistivity were analyzed. The oxidative crosslinking reaction is the key step. This work provides new ideas for the subsequent realization of in situ nondestructive monitoring of HTPB propellant aging.
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Defence Technology
·
2021
·
IF 3.172
Hao Li,Jie Wei,Ya-nan Zhang,Yu-bing Hu,Wei Jiang,Teng-yue Zhang
Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene/toluene diisocyanate (HTPB/TDI) system is widely used in composite solid propellants. The migrations of plasticizers and water molecules from solid propellants and surrounding environment to the inhibitor have always been the important issues. This study focuses on the preparation, characterization and anti-migration behavior of graphene oxide (GO)/HTPB nanocomposite liner. The GO/HTPB (GH) composite liners affect the migration of small molecules through a tighter cross-linked structure and weakening function of small molecule adsorption. The anti-migration performance of the liner at different temperatures was analyzed, and the influence of the added amount of GO on the anti-migration performance and adhesion performance was also systematically studied. The overall performance of the liner is optimized when the amount of GO filler is 0.3 wt%. After adding 0.3 wt% GO, the concentration of dioctyl sebacate (DOS) migrated into the liner is decreased by 23.28%, and the concentration of water molecules is decreased by 51.89%, indicating that the introduction of GO can significantly improve the anti-migration performance of the liner. In addition, the bond strength is greatly increased from 0.25 MPa to 0.95 MPa, which meets the application requirements of the current propellant system. This research provides an important way for the preparation of structure-function synergistic anti-migration composite liners.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
推进剂技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Defence Technology
·
2026
·
IF 6.4
Ze Su,Xiaolong Li,Youye Wang,Long Liu,Yanqiang Zhang,Jianguo Zhang,Zhimin Li
Energetic plasticizers are rarely used in HTPB propellants due to compatibility issues; one strategy is usually adopted is to introduce energetic substituents. In this study, the synthesized high-energy ionic liquids were comprehensively characterized, and showed that they possess extremely low melting points (IL-3h, T m = –70 °C), good thermal stability (ILs, T p > 370 °C), and high densities (IL-3a, ρ = 1.637 g/cm 3 ). The high-energy performance exhibited by high detonation velocity ( D v ) and pressure ( D P ) of ionic liquids ( D v : 6600–6800 m/s; D p : 17–19 MPa) contributes to improved specific impulse in propellant formulations, which significantly surpasses that of conventional triethylene glycol dinitrate (TEGDN). Furthermore, HTPB elastomer cured with TDI were plasticized with ionic liquids, and the results of tensile and dynamic mechanical tests were showed that the HTPB elastomer plasticized with ionic liquids had a maximum tensile strength of 0.883 MPa and a maximum elongation at break of 539.2%, which were comparable to DOA ( σ t = 0.587 MPa, ε t = 479.1%). This work provides an innovative approach for the design of energetic ionic liquid plasticizers in HTPB propellants.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER TESTING
·
2022
·
IF 4.931
Zichao Wang,Xuan Zhang,Zhenzhen Wu,Tong Wang,Yan Li,Liusiyuan He,Xiuzhong Zhu,Xiaodong Fan
The synthesis, characterization and application of the polymers with functional pendant groups have always been hot topics in the polymer field. A kind of functional polybutadiene (HTPB) derivative containing anthryl and azide groups was synthesized by anthracenic acid and HTPB in the presence of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and sodium azide via an electrophilic reaction. Furthermore, the HTPB derivative N 3 -HTPB-AN as a macromolecular main chain was reacted with alkynyl-terminated polytetrahydrofuran (Alk-PTHF) and maleimide-terminated polyethylene glycol (Mal-PEG) through "azide-alkyne" and "Diels-Alder" click reaction to obtain a bottle-brush polymer with the HTPB as the main chain and polytetrahydrofuran and polyethylene glycol as the side chains by one-pot. The bottle-brush polymer could self-assemble into uniform nanommicelles in aqueous solution. Meanwhile, the photoregulated fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) exhibited by the interaction of the micelles assembled by the bottle-brush polymer in water with the dye was studied.
研究领域:
高分子化学
·
材料科学
·
光化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMERS & POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2012
·
IF 0.326
Nadeem Ahmad,M.B. Khan,Xiaoyan Ma,Noaman Ul-Haq,Ihtasham-ur-Rehman
The viscoelastic response of two different polyurethane (PU) systems (crosslinked and chain-extended) based on hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) were analyzed and compared. The PU elastomers were fabricated by reacting HTPB with isophorone diisocyanate. A tri-functional alcohol (1,2,6 hexanetriol) and a bi-functional aliphatic diol (1,4 butanediol) were used as the crosslinking agent and the chain extender respectively. Hydrogen bonding between the hard segments is indentified by the IR spectroscopy. The segregation of these segments was manifested by dynamic mechanical analysis at characteristic frequency over a wide range of temperature. The intensity and temperature location of the relaxation peaks was identified and discussed. The phenomenon of viscous dissipation was evaluated by recording the viscoelastic parameters as a function of temperature across a series of frequencies. The results obtained indicate that the chain-extended polymer is phase segregated and more sensitive to temperature rise via viscous dissipation as compared to crosslinked polymer. Both the polymers showed similar glass transition temperature (Tg) and characteristic relaxation times. Master curves for the polymer systems investigated are produced and discussed.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Aerospace
·
2019
·Vol. 6
·期 4
·47
·
IF 0
Suhang Chen,Yue Tang,Wei Zhang,Ruiqi Shen,Hongsheng Yu,Yinghua Ye,Luigi T. DeLuca
The low regression rates for hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)-based solid fuels and poor mechanical properties for the alternative paraffin-based liquefying fuels make today hybrid rocket engines far from the outstanding accomplishments of solid motors and liquid engines. In this paper, a survey is conducted of several innovative methods under test to improve solid fuel properties, which include self-disintegration fuel structure (SDFS)/paraffin fuels, paraffin fuels with better mechanical properties, high thermal conductivity fuels and porous layer combustion fuels. In particular, concerning HTPB, new results about diverse insert and low-energy polymer particles enhancing the combustion properties of HTPB are presented. Compared to pure HTPB, regression rate can be increased up to 21% by adding particles of polymers such as 5% polyethylene or 10% oleamide. Concerning paraffin, new results about self-disintegrating composite fuels incorporating Magnesium particles (MgP) point out that 15% 1 μm- or 100 μm-MgP formulations increase regression rates by 163.2% or 82.1% respectively, at 335 kg/m2·s oxygen flux, compared to pure paraffin. Overall, composite solid fuels featuring self-disintegration structure appear the most promising innovative technique, since they allow separating the matrix regression from the combustion of the filler grains. Yet, the investigated methods are at their initial stage. Substantial work of refinement in this paper is for producing solid fuels to fulfill the needs of hybrid rocket propulsion.Keywords:hybrid;regression rate;self-disintegration;HTPB;paraffin;low-energy polymer;magnesium
研究领域:
航空航天工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
FUEL
·
2024
·
IF 6.7
Ruixuan Xu,Jiaxing Xu,Zhihua Xue,Qi-Long Yan
Modulation of burning rates and inhibition of aluminum agglomeration in solid propellants have generated considerable research interest in the field of energetic materials. In this paper, integrated Al/oxidizer composites have been prepared by a spray-drying technique, which offer intimate contact between the fuel and oxidizers . The morphologies, thermal stability, density, heats of explosion and combustion performance of the resulted solid propellants containing these Al-based composites were systematically investigated, where the condensed combustion products (CCPs) analysis and the agglomeration behavior of Al particles have been focused. After well control of the Al/oxidizers structure, 9 % higher explosion heat, 58 % higher pressurization rate and 65 % stronger flame radiation intensity were achieved in comparison to the conventional solid propellants with the same formulation. The burn rate of the propellants can also be well controlled by using different type of Al/oxidizers composites, in the range of 3.6–5.9 mm s −1 under 0.5 MPa and 9.2–10.9 mm s −1 under 15 MPa. More importantly, very low burn rate pressure exponent of 0.1 within 0.5–15 MPa was obtained. Inspired by decreasing size of CCPs, the evolution of Al on the burning surface was studied and the agglomeration inhibition was observed, whose potential mechanism was then proposed and elucidated.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源与推进
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2022
·Vol. 14
·期 23
·5213
·
IF 4.967
Yanan Zhang,Yu Tian,Yulong Zhang,Xuelong Fu,Hao Li,Zhehong Lu,Tengyue Zhang,Yubing Hu
The excessive migration of plasticizers leads to debonding and cracking of a liner, which can compromise the safety of a solid propellant. Graphene oxide (GO), with a laminar structure as a filler, can effectively reduce the migration of plasticizers. In this study, we modified GO using toluene diisocyanate (TDI). The cross-link density of the substrate was increased by grafting isocyanate groups to obtain a denser liner for the purpose of preventing plasticizer migration. We also used octadecylamine (ODA) to modify GO by grafting negatively charged amide groups on the GO surface. The electrostatic repulsive effect of the amide group on the plasticizer molecules was used to prevent plasticizer migration. Two modified GOs were filled into the hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene to prepare two composite liners. We then investigated the migration resistance and migration kinetics of each modified liner using the dipping method. In addition, we explored the mechanical properties of each modified liner. Compared with the original liner, the anti-migration and mechanical properties of the modified composite liners were significantly improved. Among them, the TDI-modified liner had the most obvious improvement in migration resistance, while the ODA-modified liner had the greatest improvement in bonding properties. All types of liners met the requirements of the current propellant systems. This study provides an effective reference for improving the migration resistance and bonding properties of the composite liner.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
推进剂工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2014
·Vol. 292
·期 5
·1061-1072
·
IF 2.41
Luo Yan-Ling,Yang Xiao-Li,Xu Feng,Chen Ya-Shao,Zhao Xu
pH-sensitive poly(methacrylic acid)- block -hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene- block -poly(methacrylic acid) block copolymers were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization of t -butyl methacrylate and follow-up acidolysis. The copolymers can spontaneously assemble into stable and nearly spherical micelle aggregates in aqueous solution, with hydrodynamic diameters ( D
h
) from 51 to 92 nm and critical micelle concentration of 3.90–7.76 mg L −1 . Z eta potentials were found to be increased with increasing (monomer)/(initiator) molar ratios. A pH-dependent phase behavior is produced at approximately 5.4–5.6, as determined by D
h
and I
335 / I
332 fluorescence intensity ratios. The in vitro camptothecin (CPT) release was compositional and pH dependent, and the cumulative CPT release below pH 7.2 was higher than that in pH 7.4. They could inhibit the premature burst CPT release. The copolymer micelles were low in cytotoxicity even at a micellar concentration of 800 mg L −1 , and therefore they may be used as potential drug-delivery carriers.
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研究领域:
药剂学
·
高分子化学
·
生物医学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
·
2023
·Vol. 148
·期 12
·5235-5246
·
IF 4.4
Liu Jie,Yu Haomiao,Wang Deqi,Sun Sensen,Li Fengsheng
In order to improve the mechanical and combustion properties of composite solid propellant, the CuO@AP with core–shell structure was prepared by solvent–nonsolvent recrystallization method, and it was applied to AP/HTPB composite solid propellant. The thermal decomposition properties, sensitivity properties and tensile properties of CuO@AP propellant were studied and compared with ultrafine AP propellant, ultrafine spherical AP propellant and the mixture of CuO and AP (CuO/AP) propellant. The results show that the E a of ultrafine spherical AP propellant is 8.16% lower than that of ultrafine AP propellant with the same particle size, and the rate constant increases by 13.64%; the E a of the CuO@AP propellant is 23.63% lower than that of CuO/AP propellant with ultrafine AP of the same particle size, and the rate constant increases by 172.7%. What’s more, the catalytic effect of CuO@AP is obviously better than that of CuO/AP. The impact sensitivity of ultrafine spherical AP propellant is 29.61% lower than that of ultrafine AP propellant with the same particle size, and the ε b is increased by 51.35%. The impact sensitivity of the CuO@AP propellant is 25.38% lower than that of CuO/AP propellant with ultrafine AP of the same particle size, and the ε b is increased by 63.76%. The above shows that the CuO@AP composite particles with core–shell structure have potential application prospects in AP/HTPB propellant.
研究领域:
推进剂科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）