CHEMOSPHERE
·
2022
·
IF 8.943
Jia-Hui Chen,Jia-Hui Lu,Xiao-Lu Pu,Li Chen,Yu-Zhong Wang
Flame retardancy and recyclability are two important issues in the research field of thermosets, particularly for epoxy resin (EP) with the biggest market share. It is of great importance, but rarely achievable, to integrate these properties simultaneously into EP. Herein, we report a facile way to prepare intrinsically flame-retardant epoxy vitrimers combining rapid recycling and multiple shape memory effects by introducing dynamic ester-linkages with catalytic transesterification activity into the crosslinking networks of EP. The flame-retardant epoxy vitrimers exhibited high T g (∼110.7 °C), desirable thermal stability and excellent flame retardancy with UL-94 V-0 rating, and high LOI of ∼34%. Also, the value of the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and the total heat release (THR) showed 63% and 32% reduction, respectively. Meanwhile, flame-retardant epoxy vitrimers showed high malleability that could be reprocessed in 15 min at 200 °C without sacrificing the mechanical properties and flame retardancy. Moreover, the dynamic transesterification network allowed flame-retardant EP to access multiple shape memory effect. The design of flame-retardant epoxy vitrimers provide a prime example to foster the cyclic utilization of flame-retardant thermosetting polymers.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2021
·
IF 6.953
Ying Liao,Yu Chen,Caiyan Wan,Guangxian Zhang,Fengxiu Zhang
A halogen-free, formaldehyde-free, efficient, durable, N P flame retardant, the ammonium salt of meglumine phosphoric ester acid (ASMPEA), was prepared. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and 31 P NMR) results indicated that ASMPEA was grafted onto cotton fibers by P-O-C covalent bonds. The LOI value of 30 wt% ASMPEA-treated cotton fabric was 40.2%, and after 50 laundering cycles (LCs), the LOI value decreased to 29.4%, indicating that the cotton fibers treated with ASMPEA were endowed with excellent durable flame retardancy. Thermogravimetry (TG), cone calorimetry, and vertical flammability test results showed that ASMPEA-treated cotton decomposed into phosphoric acid or polyphosphoric acid during combustion, which promoted the thermal degradation and charring of treated cotton fabrics and hindered the spread of flames. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) verified that ASMPEA infiltrated the cotton fiber without obviously affecting its surface morphology or crystal structure; however, the mechanical properties of the treated cotton fabric decreased slightly. These results confirm that ASMPEA achieved excellent durable flame retardancy when used to coat cotton fabric.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纺织工程
·
阻燃性
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
·
2024
·Vol. 32
·期 7
·3142-3158
·
IF 4.7
Mo Yanping,Cheng Zhiru,Xie Yuhui,Chu Junhan,Xie Shuangyu,Meng Yang,Wu Feng,Feng Dong,Mei Yi,Xie Delong
Flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) has a widespread application across aerospace, furniture and vehicles, while its flammability always arouses severe safety concerns. Herein, a novel, bio-based flame retardant, i.e. polyol (PADEA) that contains phosphorus and nitrogen elements, was successfully synthesized by using phytic acid (a bio-organic acid) and diethanolamine as crude materials. Then, PADEA partially substituted the commercial polyether polyols in the foaming process, during which PADEA reacted in situ with isocyanate to construct an inherently flame-retardant FPUF. Due to the purposive designed P-N synergistic molecular structure, PADEA can serve as a highly efficient intumescent flame-retardant (IFR) system. When 40 php (ca. 21.51wt%) PADEA was added into the system, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the obtained FPUF reached up to 24.1%, achieving a 22.0% increase compared to that of primitive FPUF without PADEA. Moreover, the addition of PADEA can considerably reduce the total number of melt drips in the UL-94 HB rating test. And the cone calorimeter (CC) results demonstrated a 47.08% reduction in total heat release (THR) was achieved as 40 php PADEA was added. At the end, various characterization methods were carried out, revealing the flame-retardant mechanism of PADEA both in condense and gaseous phase. This work highlights a facile and green strategy for designing functional polyol to address the flame-retardant issues of high-performance FPUF. Graphical
研究领域:
高分子科学
·
材料工程
·
消防安全工程
·
绿色化学
·
化学合成
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2021
·
IF 6.953
Yinchun Fang,Weihao Sun,Junwei Li,Hailong Liu,Xinhua Liu
Polyester/cotton blend fabrics are widely used in clothing and household textiles which combine the comfort of cotton and excellent mechanical strength of polyester. However, their high flammability due to the special “wick effect” resulting from the different thermal decomposition process of cotton and polyester causes greatly potential fire hazards. In this study, fully bio-based intumescent flame retardant (IFR) coating of chitosan/phytic acid (CS/PA) was layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly constructed on polyester/cotton blend fabrics. The LOI value of polyester/cotton blend fabric which was LBL assembly coated by 20 bilayers CS/PA reached 29.2%. And the dripping of coated fabric was eliminated. The results of cone calorimetry test confirmed CS/PA coating greatly improved the flame retardancy of polyester/cotton blend fabrics. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed CS/PA coating changed the thermal decomposition process to promote the char formation of polyester/cotton blend fabrics. CS/PA coating on fabric could form the IFR system which acts through both condensed phase action by the catalysis dehydration reaction to forming stable char and gas phase action by the blowing effect. This research provides a new strategy to eco-friendly flame retardant and dripping-resistant for polyester/cotton blend fabrics by bio-based IFR system through facile LBL assembly method.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纺织工程
·
消防安全
·
可持续化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
E-POLYMERS
·
2017
·Vol. 17
·期 6
·463-470
·
IF 0.949
Yongqian Nie,Xuanxi Leng,Yixue Jiang,Shigan Chai,Jinzhi Zhang,Qichao Zou
Unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) were prepared by the melt condensation method based on adipic acid, o-phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride and ethylene glycol in the presence of PSS-(2,3-propanediol)propoxy-heptaisobutyl substituted (PSS-POSS) or/and 9 wt% [(6-oxide-6H-dibenz(c,e)(1,2)oxaphosphorin-6-yl)methyl]butanedioic (DDP). We synthesized UPR containing DDP (DDP-UPR) and UPR containing both DDP and PSS-POSS (DDP-PSS-POSS-UPR series). The chemical structures of the modified polyesters were characterized and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance ( 31 P NMR). The thermal stability and flammability behaviors of UPR were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and limited oxygen index (LOI) and the vertical burning test. The morphology of residual char of UPR was shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the incorporation of PSS-POSS has little influence on the thermal stability of DDP-UPR, but enhances the flame retardance of DDP-UPR, and when the PSS-POSS content reaches 10 wt%, the DDP-PSS-POSS-UPR has better flame retardance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
聚合物化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2022
·
IF 5.204
Dan Xiao,Meng-Ting Zheng,Fang-Juan Wu,Xiao-Xia Cao,Xing-Fang Huang,Li Huang,Xue-Qing Xiao
Aiming to develop the crystallization and anti-flammability additives for creating high performance PLA, in this paper, a novel multifunctional bio-based furan derivative phenyl P-(N-N'-di-(furan-2-ylmethyl))phosphonamidate (PFPA) is synthesized and then is incorporated into PLA to enhance its comprehensive properties. The low loading of multifunctional bio-based PFPA not only as the nucleating agent increases the crystallinity and crystallization rate for PLA matrix, but also significantly improves anti-flammability properties of PLA. The V-0 classification in UL-94 and LOI result of 30.7 % for PLA with only loading 3 wt% PFPA are achieved. Moreover, the heat release values in cone-calorimeter measurement of PLA/3%PFPA composites are obviously decreased. The anti-flammability mechanism displays that PFPA forms highly-efficient fire-retardant radicals, accelerates heat away, suppresses combustible gases, and enhances stable residual carbon during PLA/PFPA combustion. This work provides a facile and efficient strategy for preparing multifunctional bio-based additives crystallization and fire-safety agent for PLA as well as promises broad application in engineering materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子科学
·
可持续化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
·
2023
·
IF 5.1
Xiaoyan Sun,Wangxing Lu,Huimin Liu,LiSha Deng,Ru Zhou,Lian X. Liu,Chi-Min Shu,Juncheng Jiang
High-impact polystyrene is a widely-used construction material due to its superior comprehensive performance, but its susceptibility to fire can lead to the production of toxic and harmful gases. To address this issue, a novel, environmentally-friendly microencapsulated nitrogen‑phosphorus‑silicon flame retardant for high-impact polystyrene was prepared in this study. SiO 2 , produced by the hydrolysis condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate , was used as the wall material, while melamine cyanurate was used as the core material. The microencapsulated nitrogen‑phosphorus‑silicon flame retardant was compounded with high-impact polystyrene and aluminum hypophosphite , and the composites were evaluated for their performance in terms of fire behavior, thermal stability, and morphology of the resulting carbon residues. When melamine cyanurate@SiO 2 and aluminum hypophosphite were added in a 1:4 ratio, the UL-94 rating of L5 reached V -0, and the LOI value increased to 27.0%. The conical calorimeter test results showed that the peak heat release rate of the L5 composite decreased by 78.7% compared to pure HIPS, and the corresponding total heat release rate decreased by 45.7%. Thermogravimetric analysis results illustrated that the amount of carbon residue increased significantly, from 2.46% to 22.26% of pure high-impact polystyrene. These findings indicate that the prepared microencapsulated nitrogen‑phosphorus‑silicon flame retardant is multifunctional, highly efficient, and can be applied to high-impact polystyrene.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
聚合物化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
·
2022
·
IF 3.78
Qinyong Liu,Xingyu Chen,Guiyang Zhu,Xiaoyu Gu,Hongfei Li,Sheng Zhang,Jun Sun,Xiaodong Jin
A novel integrative supramolecular intumescent flame retardant was fabricated by self-assembly of melamine, p -aminobenzene sulfonic acid and phytic acid and was abbreviated as MAP. After chelation with Fe 3+ or Zn 2+ , the resulted products (MAP-Fe and MAP-Zn) were melt-blended with polylactic acid (PLA) to enhance the flame retardancy of PLA. The fire performance was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning and cone calorimeter tests. The results showed that control PLA was flammable with a low LOI of 20.4%, and it cannot satisfy any UL-94 grade for its severe ignited dripping, whilst the incorporation of 3% MAP-Zn increased the LOI to 29.2％, upgraded the UL-94 rating to V-0, and reduced the peak heat release rate by 18.7%. It was proposed that MAP-Zn mainly promoted the formation of more graphitic carbon in the char residues . In addition, the presence of 3% MAP-Zn slightly reduced the tensile strength of PLA from 64.9 MPa of the control PLA to 60.1 MPa, which met the requirements of most practical applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2020
·
IF 4.032
Zhiyong Zhang,Dongsheng Li,Miaojun Xu,Bin Li
A novel phosphorus and nitrogen containing flame retardant named 1,4-bis(Diethyl methylenephosphonate) piperazine (BDEMPP) was synthesized. The chemical structures of BDEMPP were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The flame retardant rigid polyurethane foams (FR-RPUFs) were prepared by one-pot and free foaming with incorporating BDEMPP/expanded graphite (EG) with polyether polyol and polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate. The limit oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL94) and cone calorimeter (CONE) test showed that the fire-retardant properties were improved due to the barrier effect of EG and residual char. With addition of 10 wt % EG and 15 wt % BDEMPP, RPUF/10EG/15BDEMPP passed UL94 V-0 with the LOI value of 25.7%. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results revealed that the initial decompose temperature ( T 5% ) of RPUF/10EG/15BDEMPP was decreased compared with pure RPUF. However, the yield of residual char was increased from 0.35% for pure RPUF to 30.52% for RPUF/10EG/15BDEMPP at 800 °C. EG and BDEMPP had a slight influence on density and compression strength . The density and compression strength of pure RPUF was 45.42 kg m −3 and 213 kPa. As for RPUF/10EG/15BDEMPP, the density and compression strength was 44.18 kg m −3 and 180 kPa. The morphology and composition of residual char were investigated. The results demonstrated that the intact, compact and thick residual char with abundant of phosphorus and nitrogen was formed to enhance the flame retardancy and smoke suppression.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2019
·Vol. 31
·期 3
·461-471
·
IF 2.162
Zhongying Yao,Lijun Qian,Yong Qiu,Yajun Chen,Bo Xu,Jie Li
Based on bio-based furfural, a phosphorus-containing curing agent (FPD) was successfully synthesized, via the addition reaction between 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10 phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and furfural-derived Schiff base. Then, as co-curing agent, FPD was used to prepare flame retardant epoxy thermosets (EP) cured by 4, 4′-diaminodiphenyl methane. The incorporated FPD improved the flame retardancy and toughness of epoxy thermoset, simultaneously. When 5 wt% FPD was added into EP, the FPD/EP achieved 35.7% limited oxygen index (LOI) value and passed UL94 V-0 rating, meanwhile. In FPD/EP thermoset, the incorporated FPD reduced the thermal decomposition rate, increased the charring capacity, and inhibited the combustion intensity of epoxy thermoset. Through gas-phase and condensed-phase actions in weakening fuel supply, suppressing volatile combustion, and enhancing charring barrier effect, FPD decreased the heat release of burning epoxy thermoset, significantly. For the outstanding effectiveness on both flame retardancy and toughness, the study on FPD provides a promising way to manufacture high-performance epoxy thermoset.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
·
2022
·
IF 4.966
Xiaoling Fan,Fei Xin,Wenchao Zhang,Haoyu Liu
A novel phosphorus-containing flame retardant PZN@UiO-66-NH 2 was synthesized by covalent bonding between HCCP and UiO-66-NH 2 , and applied in unsaturated polyester (UPR). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron energy spectra (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to confirm the chemical structure of PZN@UiO-66-NH 2 . The appearance of new P-N-C bond indicated that HCCP was successfully reacted with UiO-66-NH 2 . The thermal stability and the flame-retardant properties of the UPR composites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimeter test. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of UPR composite with 4 wt% PZN@UiO-66-NH 2 can reach 23.9%. Compared with pure UPR, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) value, total heat release (THR) value and average effective heat of combustion (av-EHC) value of UPR composite with 4 wt% PZN@UiO-66-NH 2 dropped by 36.53%, 28.70%, 23.50%, respectively. The addition of PZN@UiO-66-NH 2 slightly improved the impact performance of UPR composite. PZN@UiO-66-NH 2 can solve UiO-66-NH 2 's agglomeration dilemma in UPR to some extent.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子科学
·
阻燃性能
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 138
·期 20
·50444
·
IF 3.125
Xinxing Zhang,Qingyin Wang,Shaoying Liu,Lilei Zhang,Gongying Wang
To get better processability and preparing process of Poly (ethylene terephthalate) polymer, -NO 2 was used to modify Schiff Base to synthesize a novel flame retardant monomer of 5-([3-nitrobenzylidene] amino) isophthalic acid (BNA) to prepare flame retardant and anti-dripping PET copolyester (BNA n PETs), where the electron effect of -NO 2 passivate the cross-linking reactivity of BNA in BNA n PETs to enhance its cross-linking temperature to improve its processing zone with better processability. The results demonstrated that the cross-linking temperature of BNA n PETs was improved from the range of (250–348°C) to (355–385°C), and BNA accelerated the reaction of the polycondensation of PET for saving time of 42%. -NO 2 enhanced the residue char of BNA n PETs in high temperature and further improved its flame retardancy. BNA 10 PET with 7.2 mol% of BNA had LOI of 31.8% and V-0 of UL-94 without drip, and the introduction of –NO 2 did not change the flame retardant mechanism in BNA n PETs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）