FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2025
·
IF 9.8
Haibo Shi,Ruyi Zhang,Jiabao Zheng,Xianqi Yao,Wei Wang,Igor Tomasevic,Weizheng Sun
The effects of NaCl partially substituted by KCl, MgCl 2 , and KCl/MgCl 2 on the gel characteristics, oral mastication, and in vitro gastric digestion of myofibrillar protein (MP) gel were investigated. The results indicated that partial substitution of NaCl by KCl or MgCl 2 did not cause obvious deterioration of gel properties within 30 % substitution levels. MgCl 2 substitution significantly increased the surface hydrophobicity of MP, and formed homogeneous network structure for effective limitation of moisture loss. The MgCl 2 -substituted gel exhibited relatively lower viscosity and hardness for better swallowing. The high pepsin diffusivity in MgCl 2 -substituted gel (59.57 ± 4.28 μm 2 /s, 30 %-Mg group) improved protein hydrolysis, and produced more shorter peptides due to the loose and relatively uniform structure compared to those of the gels only containing NaCl and partial KCl. Therefore, the changes of textural parameters, microstructure, and water mobility in sodium-reduced gel with different substitution levels could influence the subsequent gastric digestion characteristics.
研究领域:
食品科学
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生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Molecular Catalysis
·
2024
·
IF 3.9
Qingtao Niu,Aihua He,Chongdian Si,Guodong Liu,Bolin Dai,Manman Jin
Two TiCl 4 /MgCl 2 type Ziegler-Natta catalysts containing ethyl benzoate (EB) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as internal electron donors (ID) were prepared for isoprene polymerizations using five kinds of external electron donors (ED) (phenyltrimethoxysilane (ED-1), dicyclopentyl(dimethoxy)silane (ED-2), 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-dimethoxypropane (ED-3), 1,3-dimethoxypropane (ED-4) and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (ED-5)). The structure features of TiCl 4 /ID/MgCl 2 catalysts were characterized and the effect of ID and ED on polymerization behaviors was studied. EB had higher adsorption content on catalyst surface, higher catalytic activity and lower trans -1,4 stereoselectivity than DBP . Appropriate introduction of ED-1 and ED-2, expect ED-3, ED-4 and ED-5, caused the enhancement in polymerization activity and trans -1,4 content, while excess addition led to the deactivation. The effect of ED on equilibrium between selective activation and deactivation of active species significantly relied on the electron donor type and concentration.
研究领域:
高分子化学
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催化
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Energy Storage Materials
·
2022
·
IF 20.831
Yan Han,Gaofeng Li,Zijun Hu,Feng Wang,Jun Chu,Liang Huang,Tingting Shi,Hui Zhan,Zhiping Song
Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) are regarded as one of the promising candidates of next generation of battery technologies, but seriously hampered by the sluggish kinetics of Mg 2+ -related cathode reactions. A pertinent solution is adding Li salt into the electrolyte to build a hybrid Mg/Li battery (MLB), which combines the high safety of Mg anode and the fast reaction kinetics of Li + with the cathode material . Herein, we propose a novel, simple, and cheap dual-salt electrolyte for MLBs, namely MgCl 2 –LiCl/THF, based on the exceptional synergetic effect between MgCl 2 and LiCl in THF . The 1.0 M electrolyte demonstrated desired ionic conductivity (1.3 mS cm –1 ), good compatibility with Mg anode, and adequate oxidation potential (2.2 V vs. Mg) for typical organic cathode materials including poly(anthraquinonyl sulfide) (PAQS), poly(1,4-anthraquinone) (P14AQ), and dilithium salt of poly(2,5-dihydroxy-p-benzoquinonyl sulfide) (Li 2 PDHBQS). Unlike PAQS and P14AQ adopting MgCl + as inserted cation, Li 2 PDHBQS selected Li + to participate in the reaction. Therefore it demonstrated superior electrochemical performance to most of previously reported inorganic and organic cathode materials for MLBs, including a high reversible capacity (282 mAh g −1 ), a high rate capability (72% @ 2000 mA g −1 ), and a high cycling stability (70% @ 500th cycle). The combination of MgCl 2 –LiCl/THF electrolyte and Li 2 PDHBQS cathode provides not only a successful example of high-performing and affordable MLBs, but also insights of ionic species in the electrolytes and their interactions with organic cathode materials, which are very significant for the further development of RMBs.
研究领域:
储能
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电化学
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材料科学
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电池技术
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有机电极材料
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2024
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IF 13.3
Tao Guo,Wei Li,Chuanding Dong,Jingdai Wang,Yongrong Yang
The comonomer effect of ethylene/ α -olefin copolymerization in the Ziegler-Natta (Z-N) catalytic system, remaining largely elusive and less understood at the molecular level, has been of huge industrial importance and absorbing research interest for decades. Herein, four catalysts with similar physical structures but different polymerization activities and comonomer effects were synthesized by using n -butanol in combination with different secondary electron donors. By tracking catalyst formation, it was found that altering the secondary donor changes the ν (O-H) stability and in turn the MgCl 2 facet growth, to influence the polymerization activity. In situ diffuse reflectance Ultraviolet–visible spectra show that different types of active Ti centers are in function in the ethylene polymerization and the ethylene/1-butene copolymerization. Tracing further the microscopic structures of active species upon triethylaluminium (TEA) activation by using Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure, it is found that: (i) for the catalysts with negative comonomer effect, the enhanced donor migration promotes the aggregation of active species and leads to the formation of TiCl 3 -like clusters; (ii) by contrast, for the catalysts with positive comonomer effect, the less mobile donors hinder the aggregation of active species, thus inducing the formation of isolated Ti 3+ sites. Our work reveals an evident correlation between the active center and the comonomer effect, which may be strongly modified by the aggregation of the former.
研究领域:
化学工程
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催化
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高分子科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
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2025
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IF 10
Buju Guo,Yaowu Wang,Ruoyu Li,Yifei Li,Boxiong Zhang,Jianping Peng,Yuezhong Di,Ke Wang,Chang Wang
Scrap aluminum (Al) alloy recycling is critical for energy conservation and decreasing carbon emissions. Conventional remelting process does not remove alloying elements, severely limiting the value and applications of recycled Al. To overcome this limitation, this study develops an efficient process for recovering pure Al from scrap Al alloys via soluble anode electrolysis in a designed MgCl 2 -KCl-NaCl (MKN) molten salt system. Real-time monitoring of the electrolysis process, time-dependent characterization of cathodic deposits, and electrochemical analyses reveal a three-stage cathodic deposition mechanism in the MKN molten salt system: initial underpotential deposition of Mg 2+ transitions to co-deposition of Mg 2+ and Al 3+ , and ultimately to exclusive reduction of Al 3+ , which is driven by progressive Al 3+ accumulation. The introduction of AlCl 3 proves pivotal, simultaneously enhancing Al 3+ deposition efficiency while effectively suppressing Mg 2+ co-reduction. Systematic optimization identifies 12.5 wt% AlCl 3 addition, 500 °C, and 0.15 A/cm 2 as the ideal operational parameters, achieving recycled Al with 99.84 wt% purity. The soluble anode electrolysis process in the MKN molten salt system represents an efficient and scalable alternative to conventional remelting. The developed process is capable of producing recycled Al with purity comparable to that of primary Al while addressing critical sustainability challenges in the Al industry.
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金学
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电化学
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可持续技术
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回收工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CATALYSIS LETTERS
·
2025
·Vol. 155
·期 8
·1-13
·
IF 2.4
Zhou Jing,Zhang Gongguo,Si Chongdian,Jin Manman,He Aihua,Niu Qingtao
Series of isoprene polymerizations with different polymerization time were performed by TiCl 4 /MgCl 2 type Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Polymerization kinetics showed catalytic activity had two-stage polymerization feature and the polymer chain microstructure gradually changed from the trans -1,4 and cis -1,4 mixed structure with low molecular weight ( M w ) as well as broad molecular weight distribution ( M w / M n ) at the early stage, to the final high trans -1,4 structure with high M w and narrow M w / M n . The high trans -1,4 units can enhance the tensile strength and hardness of the synthetic polyisoprenes, which are widely used for golf ball cover, medicinal material and shape memory material. Polymers were mainly isolated into Fraction C, D and G by the stepwise isothermal crystallization fractionation method. Fraction C and D had high trans -1,4 content, high trans -1,4-[II] dyad sequence concentration, high trans - trans unit linkage content and high crystallinity, which were generated by high trans -1,4 stereoselective active centers. While G fraction had low trans -1,4 content, low trans -1,4-[II] dyad sequence concentration, low trans - trans unit linkage content and low crystallinity, which were formed by the active center with low trans -1,4 stereoselectivity. The stereoselective transformation of active centers as well as trans -1,4 stereospecific polymerization mechanism of isoprene with TiCl 4 /MgCl 2 -AlEt 3 catalyst system was discussed. Graphical
研究领域:
高分子化学
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有机合成
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材料科学
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催化
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大分子化学
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物理化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
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2024
·
IF 4.7
Jia ZHAO,Yi-hang YAN,Hao ZHANG,Hua-yang GAO,Ye ZHANG,Gui-min LU
ABSTRACT The electrochemical behavior of MgCl 2 and the co-deposition mechanisms of Mg and Sr in the SrCl 2 −KCl eutectic system were evaluated using various electrochemical techniques, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and open-circuit potential (OCP) analysis. It was observed the Mg(II) reduction on the tungsten electrode in SrCl 2 −KCl melt occurred in a single-step process involving the transfer of two electrons, exhibiting a quasi-reversible mode. The electrochemical co-deposition of Mg and Sr in the SrCl 2 −KCl−MgCl 2 melt involved the formation of two types of Mg−Sr intermetallic compounds. The evolution in the co-deposition mechanism of the nucleation type with changing overpotential was explored through chronoamperometry (CA). It is shown that the nucleation pattern on the electrode surface was depended on the substrate materials and the electrode reaction products. Early-stage nucleation was attributed to Mg(II) reduction under all overpotential conditions. With the co-deposition of Mg and Sr, Mg(II) was reduced to form the Mg nucleus on the electrode surface, followed by underpotential deposition of Sr(II) on the Mg surface accompanied by Mg deposition simultaneously. Additionally, increasing MgCl 2 concentration in the SrCl 2 −KCl melt resulted in a higher current density during the Mg−Sr co-deposition process.
研究领域:
电化学
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材料科学
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熔盐化学
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金属沉积
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金属间化合物
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
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2025
·Vol. 48
·期 9
·e70109
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IF 1.6
Pengfei Yao,Guangpin Lin,Yi Su,Li Shu,Yingpin Wen,Fengli Yang
The isomerization of glucose catalyzed by attapulgite (ATP) modified by MgCl 2 was investigated. The catalytic performance of ATP on glucose isomerization was significantly enhanced after MgCl 2 modification (Mg-ATP), achieving a fructose yield of 36.5 % and a selectivity of 90.2 % in an aqueous system at 120 °C for 1 h. Combined with the characterization results, it could be concluded that the microstructure of ATP has been changed after MgCl 2 modification, leading to an increase in surface area and the number of weak basic sites, which are beneficial for the glucose isomerization reaction.
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
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2020
·
IF 5.065
Rui-Zhi Cui
The experimental solubility of LiCl–Li 2 SO 4 –MgCl 2 –MgSO 4 –H 2 O and KCl–K 2 SO 4 –MgCl 2 –MgSO 4 –H 2 O systems was measured at 288.15 K. The corresponding stable phase diagrams and water content diagrams were plotted by experimental results. Double salt was formed in both two systems. There are six phase fields, nine univariant solution curves and four invariant points in the phase diagram of LiCl–Li 2 SO 4 –MgCl 2 –MgSO 4 –H 2 O system. And the diagram of another system has seven invariant points and eight crystallization regions. By using multiple linear regression method, parameter Ψ Li,Cl,SO4 and the solubility equilibrium constants of double salt KCl·MgSO 4 ·3H 2 O were obtained by solubility data fitting at 288.15 K. The equilibrium solubility of salts in above systems at the same temperature was predicted with Pitzer's electrolyte solution model and mathematical calculation software. The results indicate that the predicted data are in correspondence with experiments.
研究领域:
化学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 3.1
Lin Chenlu,Yang Xiao
Molten CaCl 2 is increasingly recognized for its potential in developing innovative mineral and material processing technologies as an effective solvent and electrolyte. However, controlling the accumulation of free O 2− remains a major challenge. This work explores the feasibility of eliminating free O 2− in molten CaCl 2 by adding MgCl 2 . Thermodynamic analysis suggests that the introduction of Mg 2+ favors the precipitation of O 2− as insoluble MgO (Mg 2+ + O 2− → MgO↓). Experimental results confirm a rapid and vigorous reaction producing sub-micron MgO particles, which initially suspend, then coalesce, and eventually settle at the bottom. The process’s efficiency depends on the dosage of MgCl 2 added. A sub-stoichiometric dosage inadequately removes O 2− , while a hyper-stoichiometric dosage disrupts the melt stability due to the widespread dispersion of soluble Mg(II) and MgO particles. A near-stoichiometric dosage, on the other hand, leads to optimal performance by facilitating the formation of Mg 2 O 2+ , enabling localized MgO precipitation and thus preventing contamination of the bulk melt. These findings provide a foundation for designing more efficient and environmentally friendly molten CaCl 2 -based processes for industrial applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
冶金学
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无机化学
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高温化学
·
过程工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
·
2022
·
IF 4.778
Xiaomei Yang,Xu Chen,Bin Lv,Yunlai Su,Lipeng Zhou
Sn-Beta zeolite is an excellent catalyst for the transformation of biomass derived carbohydrates. However, the long synthesis time restricted its application. Here, alkaline (earth) salt was used as promoter to accelerate the crystallization of Sn-Beta. Different alkaline (earth) salts and the amount of MgCl 2 were investigated. The properties of the synthesized samples were characterized by various techniques and compared with Sn-Beta, and the catalytic performance was investigated for the conversion of glucose to methyl lactate (MLA). The results indicate that a small amount of alkaline (earth) salt, especially MgCl 2 , promoted dramatically the crystallization of Sn-Beta. The full crystallization time was shortened from 15 d to 5 d with the aid of MgCl 2 ( n Mg / n Sn of 1.0) for Sn-Beta with n Si / n Sn of 100. Sn 4+ cations were incorporated into the framework sites, while Mg 2+ cations replaced the protons of silanol defects. Mg–Sn-Beta with strong Lewis acid sites and less silanols showed high activity and selectivity for glucose conversion to MLA. The yield of MLA is 20% over the fully crystallized Sn-Beta at 120 °C for 15 h and glucose concentration of 3.1 wt%, which increased significantly to 44% over the fully crystallized 1 Mg–Sn-Beta. Furthermore, Mg–Sn-Beta is stable and recyclable.
研究领域:
催化化学
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生物质转化
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Jia ZHAO,Zhao-ting LIU,Gui-min LU
A comprehensive electrochemical assessment of Fe 2+ behavior in a MgCl 2 −NaCl−KCl melt was reported, involving cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and chronoamperometry (CA) analyses. Reduction of Fe 2+ in MgCl 2 −NaCl−KCl was observed to occur in a single step involving two electrons, exhibiting quasi-reversible behavior. The diffusion coefficient of Fe 2+ (5.75×10 −5 cm 2 /s) in this system was experimentally determined at 973 K, with an associated diffusion activation energy of 25.06 kJ/mol in the range of 973−1048 K, and an estimated standard rate constant for Fe 2+ /Fe of around 1×10 −3 cm/s. The nucleation of Fe on the tungsten electrode in the MgCl 2 −NaCl−KCl molten salt is insensitive to temperature and overpotential. It is found that the nucleation mode is related to the concentration of Fe 2+ surrounding the electrode and evolves from an instantaneous to a progressive process, accompanied by a deterioration of magnesium electrolysis due to Fe impurities.
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DOI
高影响因子
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