JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2025
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IF 11.3
Yangcheng Ding,Shuangjing Dong,Danna Ding,Xiaoming Chen,Fangxi Xu,He Niu,Jixiao Xu,Yuhang Fan,Ruya Chen,Yijing Xia,Xiawen Qiu,Huajun Feng
Residual antibiotics in aquaculture ecosystems can exert selective pressures on bacterial communities, driving bacteria to acquire antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through gene mutations or horizontal gene transfer (HGT). This study investigated the antibiotic resistance risk in freshwater aquaculture ecosystems of Micropterus salmoides in Zhejiang Province. The results revealed that oxytetracycline, ciprofloxacin and florfenicol were up to 300 ng/L, and the proportion of multidrug-resistant genes varied from 32.20 % to 50.70 % in the surveyed aquaculture water. Additionally, approximately 9.80 % of all annotated ARGs were identified as possessing plasmid-mediated horizontal transfer risks. The ARGs host prediction revealed that Actinobacteria carried the highest abundance of ARGs, up to 159.38 (coverage, ×/Gb). Furthermore, the abundance of Paer_emrE , ksgA , ompR and golS were positively correlated with Chlorophyll a concentration ( p < 0.05), suggesting that algal blooms might facilitate the evolution and transfer of ARGs. Correlations between ARG abundances and total phosphorus, total nitrogen, pH, electrical conductivity indicated that modulating water quality parameters may serve as a viable strategy to mitigate the eco-environmental risk of ARGs in aquaculture water. This study identified antibiotic resistance characteristics in freshwater aquaculture ecosystems of Micropterus salmoides in Zhejiang Province, establishing a foundation on managing antibiotic resistance risks in such aquaculture environments.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 13.2
Yuan-shuai Fu,Yue Lin,Wen-jun Zhong,Xing-yu Wang,Xi-ke Li,Yun-ao Li,Sheng-bo Ye,Wen-juan Li,Yong-heng Zhu
Bacterial enteritis is a prevalent disease in Micropterus salmoides . Conventional drug delivery approaches are typically characterized by low efficiency and induce drug resistance. The present study synthesized mesoporous hollow silica nanoparticles (HMSS) and used physical adsorption to load enrofloxacin (ENR) and astaxanthin (ASX) onto the nanoparticles, achieving adsorption efficiencies of 77.39 % and 32.77 %, respectively. To establish the drug-targeted delivery system, ASX@HMSS was functionalized with cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) and ENR@HMSS was encapsulated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55). Positive sustained-release effects were demonstrated by in vitro release studies, which demonstrated that the cumulative release rate of ASX@HMSS-CPP varied from 29.58 to 38.47 % at pH 6.5, whereas the cumulative release rate of ENR@HMSS-HP55 ranged from 70.19 to 88.25 %. The drug-targeted delivery nanoparticles extended the residence time of the drug in the intestines, according to in vivo pharmacokinetic investigations, and the overall metabolic profile was positive. Additionally, these drug-targeted delivery nanoparticles reduced intestinal inflammation and tissue damage, enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory indicators, and improved the survival rate of Micropterus salmoides infected with enteritis. Following the administration of the drug-targeted delivery nanoparticles, the abundance of Aeromonas was significantly regulated, aiding gut microbial homeostasis. By controlling the PI3K-Akt, NF-κB, MAPK, and intestinal IgA immune network signaling pathways, the drug-targeted delivery nanoparticles also reduced intestinal inflammation. These findings demonstrate that the nanoparticle-based drug-targeted delivery system has potential applications in the prevention and treatment of diseases in aquatic animals.
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AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
·
2020
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IF 4.346
Shiwei Xie,Peng Yin,Lixia Tian,Yongjian Liu,Beiping Tan,Jin Niu
Antibiotics have been widely used (mainly mixed with feed) in aquaculture, while few studies have evaluated the interactions between feed composition and antibiotics. Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a fat-soluble antibiotic, an eight weeks feeding trial was conducted to investigate the interactions between dietary lipid levels and chronic exposure of legal aquaculture dose of sulfamethoxazole in juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides , and evaluated the possible human health risk. Six practical diets were formulated to three levels of crude lipid (11, 14.5, 18 %) and two levels of SMX (0 and 0.3 %), namely low fat (LF), moderate fat (MF), high fat (HF), low fat and SMX (LFS), moderate fat and SMX (MFS), high fat and SMX (HFS), respectively. Each diet was assigned to three tanks (20 fish per tank, average weight 30.65 ± 0.02 g). Growth and organ indices were increased by SMX. Higher malformation rate and lower hypoxia stress resistance were found in fish exposed to SMX than those not exposed. Cholesterol and bile acid synthesis related gene expressions were down-regulated by SMX exposure. Oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis were increased in fish exposed to SMX. Significant interactions between dietary lipid levels and SMX on renal immune response of fish were observed. Remarkable damage of intestinal histology was observed in fish fed the diet HFS. In addition, dietary SMX exposure increased pathogen susceptibility of largemouth bass and induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota. The concentrations of SMX in muscle of fish fed diets containing SMX were higher than those fed other diets, and close to the maximum residue limit (MRL) in China and international organizations. Although chronic legal aquaculture dose of dietary SMX also increased the target hazard quotient (THQ) and estimated daily intake (EDI), there is no health risk in adults and children consuming fish filet.
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VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
·
2026
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IF 2.7
Xialian Bu,Yuwen Dong,Lei Huang,Weisong Ma,Xianqi Peng,Xuemei Yuan,Jing Chen,Jinbiao Jiao,Chen Niu,Xinzhi Weng,Jiayun Yao
A Trypanosoma infection model was established in largemouth bass. • Metronidazole cleared trypanosomes in most fish and prevented fish mortality. • Acute toxicity showed its safety to largemouth bass. • Metronidazole may inhibit trypanosome growth by enhancing host immune responses and strengthening antioxidant capacity. Outbreaks of trypanosomiasis in cage-cultured large yellow croaker in China has caused significant economic losses, however, to date, there are no effective drugs available for the prevention and treatment of this disease. Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole derivative with a wide range of biological activity ranging from antiparasitic to antibacterial, and is especially useful for the treatment of anaerobic protozoan infections. Nevertheless, studies on its efficacy against protozoan parasites in aquatic animals are lacking. In this study, an efficacy trial of metronidazole against trypanosomes isolated from large yellow croaker was conducted, based on the established infection model using largemouth bass, with an intraperitoneal injection dose of 10⁵ cells/mL (100 μL per fish) and maintained at 25°C. The in vivo anti-parasitic efficacy results showed that 300 mg/kg metronidazole significantly reduced the trypanosomes load, resulting in complete parasite clearance in most fish (88.9%) and prevented mortality of fish (95.56%). Acute toxicity test results indicated that 1500 mg/kg metronidazole remained safe for largemouth bass. Meanwhile, histopathological analysis revealed that in the 300 mg/kg metronidazole-treated group, the number of red blood cells increased and their morphology normalized in the liver, spleen, and head kidney. Besides, enzyme activity assays proved the differential expression of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), acid phosphatase (ACP), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) among the positive control (PC), negative control (NC), and metronidazole-treated groups. qPCR results showed that metronidazole can increase the expression level of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β, and IL-10. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the promising efficacy of metronidazole against fish trypanosomiasis, laying a solid theoretical and practical basis for controlling aquatic animal parasitic diseases.
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ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
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IF 3.2
Xiaonan Sun,Tian Yang,Hongzhou Xu,Di Wang,Yuanjiang Jin,Huanjie Li,Yuxin Shen,Xiaoqiang Liu,Haixia Liu
E. faecium L6 harbors biosynthetic gene clusters encoding diverse bioactive metabolites. • Dietary CFS supplementation improved growth performance by enhancing antioxidant capacity, innate immunity, and intestinal barrier integrity in largemouth bass. • CFS reshaped the intestinal microenvironment by enriching beneficial bacteria and functional metabolites. • CFS significantly increased survival following A. veronii challenge through modulation of inflammatory responses. Probiotics are widely used to promote fish health. However, the application of live probiotics is limited by poor stability and potential safety concerns. Postbiotics have drawn increasing attention because they may provide beneficial effects without the limitations associated with live bacteria. This study investigated the effects of probiotic (live Enterococcus faecium L6, LEF) and postbiotics (cell-free supernatant, CFS, and heat-killed E. faecium L6, HKEF) on growth performance, intestinal health, and disease resistance in Micropterus salmoides ( M. salmoides ). A 56-day feeding trial was conducted, followed by an Aeromonas veronii ( A. veronii ) challenge test. Growth parameters, intestinal morphology, antioxidant and non-specific immune enzyme activities, inflammatory cytokine expression, intestinal microbiota composition, and metabolomic profiles were analyzed. Both LEF and CFS significantly improved final body weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate while decreasing the feed conversion ratio, whereas HKEF had no significant effect. LEF and CFS improved intestinal barrier integrity by increasing villus height and the villus height:crypt depth ratio, and by up-regulating ZO -1, Claudin -1, and Occludin . Antioxidant (SOD, CAT) and non-specific immune (ACP, AKP, LZM) activities were also significantly elevated in the LEF and CFS groups. After A. veronii challenge, survival rates were significantly higher in the LEF (55.0%) and CFS (60.0%) groups compared with the PBS control (30.0%). The improved resistance was associated with reduced intestinal pathogen loads and a balanced inflammatory response, characterized by down-regulated TNF-α and IL-1β and up-regulated IL-10 . Furthermore, CFS reshaped the intestinal microbiota and increased functional metabolites. In conclusion, E. faecium L6-derived CFS conferred growth-promoting and disease-protective effects comparable to, or stronger than, its live probiotic counterpart, supporting its potential as a stable and effective postbiotic strategy for enhancing fish health. Download: Download high-res image (96KB) Download: Download full-size image
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FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2026
·Vol. 52
·期 1
·17
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IF 2.5
Zhang Zhenyang,Chen Weijun,Shen Jiaqi,Zhang Chunnuan,Gao Xiaochan,Ren Hongtao,Huang Yong,Gao Shiyang
This study aimed to explore the effect of paeonol (PAE) on growth performance and liver health in largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) exposed to cadmium (Cd). Five experimental groups were designed: one control group reared in clean water and fed a basal diet (CONT), alongside four cadmium-exposed groups maintained in 2.75 mg/kg Cd-containing water and fed the basal diet supplemented with 0 mg/kg (Cd), 100 mg/kg (PAE100-Cd), 200 mg/kg (PAE200-Cd), and 400 mg/kg PAE (PAE400-Cd), respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 days. The results showed that Cd exposure significantly inhibited the growth performance of largemouth bass, caused liver dysfunction and pathological tissue damage, led to oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis, and induced the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB1)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway genes. However, PAE supplementation (200–400 mg/kg) significantly improved the growth performance of largemouth bass. In addition, 200–400 mg/kg PAE reduced the serum levels of hepatic injury biomarkers (AKP, ALT, LDH, and AST) and alleviated histopathological lesions. Furthermore, PAE200-Cd increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the liver. Moreover, PAE200-Cd and PAE400-Cd down-regulated the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κB p65), ErbB1, and cellular FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (C-fos) in the liver. PAE200-Cd significantly increased the expression of cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A (CYP1A1) and downregulated the expression of metallothionein (MT) and cysteine-aspartic proteases-9 (Caspase-9). The optimal PAE dose for counteracting waterborne Cd-induced growth impairment and hepatic oxidative stress was 173.37–173.90 mg/kg for largemouth bass.
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Aquaculture Reports
·
2026
·
IF 3.7
Dexiang Feng,Xiaotong Si,Wenxuan Liu,Pengwei Xun,Qianqian Huang,Mingzhu Liu,Ming Li
Naringenin (NGN), a flavonoid compound abundantly found in citrus fruits, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative activities, and hypolipidemic properties. However, nowadays, NGN is mainly used to inhibit the occurrence of viral diseases in aquatic animals by injection as an immunosuppressant, and its safety and other physiological effects as a feed additive have not been sufficiently investigated. This study elucidates how naringenin (NGN) mitigates the negative impacts exerted by a high-fat diet (HFD) on Largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) from hepatic and intestinal perspectives. After an 8-week feeding trial, the NGN groups had a significant effect on growth performance compared to the HFD group, and significantly decreased the lipid content of the whole body. Secondly, NGN significantly decreased the levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol in serum compared with the HFD group, down-regulated the lipogenesis-related genes, and significantly up-regulated the lipolysis-related genes. Furthermore, hepatic injury markers alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were also significantly decreased. Additionally, NGN significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity of the liver, down-regulated the gene expression of pro-inflammatory factors, and up-regulated the anti-inflammatory factors. There were remarkable changes in the structure of the gut microbiota, where the biomarker of the Na1 group was Dyella , and the main ones in the Na2 group were Asinibacterium , Methylovirgula , Mesorhizobium, and Meiothermus . The function of the gut microbiota in the NGN was more enriched in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway compared to the high-fat diet. To conclude, the supplementation of NGN to HFD can significantly reduce hepatic lipid deposition and alleviate liver damage, as well as improve gut health status. Among them, the addition of 0.007 % naringenin exhibited a better effect. The results of this study will be used to help reduce the negative effects of an HFD within the aquaculture sector and hold the potential to be regarded as a promising eco-friendly feed additive for aquaculture.
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CHEMOSPHERE
·
2023
·
IF 8.8
Chengrong Liu,Kuiquan Pan,Hongzhou Xu,Yanzhen Song,Xiaoyu Qi,Yitong Lu,Xinxin Jiang,Haixia Liu
Antibiotic residues in the aquaculture environments may lead to antibiotic resistance, and potentially exert adverse effects on health of the non-target organisms and humans. In order to evaluate the effect of enrofloxacin of environmental concentrations on largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ). Two hundred and seventy largemouth basses (with an average weight of 7.88 ± 0.60 g) were randomly divided into three groups, and separately exposed to 0, 1, 100 μg/L enrofloxacin (Control, ENR1, ENR100) for 30 days to detect the effect of enrofloxacin on the growth performance, oxidative stress , intestinal microbiota structure, inflammatory response and structure of the intestine. The results showed that ENR significantly reduced the final body weight (FBW) and weight gain rate (WGR), and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) ( P < 0.05). The histopathological analysis revealed that the villus width and muscular thickness of anterior intestine were significantly decreased with the increasing of enrofloxacin concentration. The activity of SOD was significantly increased at enrofloxacin stress, while CAT and POD activity were significantly decreased compared to control group ( P < 0.05). The activities of lysozyme (LZM), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and peroxidase (POD) in ENR1 was higher than that of control and ENR100 groups. Enrofloxacin treatment up-regulated the expression IL-1β and TNF-α , and down-regulated IL-10 , and decreasing the expression level ZO-1 , claudin-1, and occludin . Furthermore, the enrofloxacin treatment significantly decreased the intestinal bacterial diversity ( P < 0.05). Exposure to 100 μg/L enrofloxacin obviously increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Myxococcota, and Zixibacteria of fish gut, and reduced Firmicutes; 1 μg/L enrofloxacin considerably increased Bacteroidota, Myxococcota, and Actinobacteria, and reduced Firmicutes. The relative abundance of DTB120 and Elusimicrobiota was positively correlated with the occludin and claudin-1 gene. Taken together, exposure to enrofloxacin inhibited the growth of largemouth bass, influenced intestinal health, and induced dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota.
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FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 4.1
Nanhai Xiao,Xiuzhen Zhou,Yi Zhang,Tao Liu,Yiwei Jiang,Sami Ullah,Jing Wang,Fengqin Feng,Minjie Zhao
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of antibacterial peptides from Brevibacillus texasporus (BT) on the growth performance, meat quality and gut health of cultured largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ). Largemouth bass (36.17 ± 1.52 g) were divided into 2 groups and each group was fed with diets supplemented with or without 200 ppm of BT peptides for 130 days. The results showed that BT peptides had no significant influences on growth performance and body indexes, but significantly enhanced total antioxidant capacity and lysozyme content in the serum. Moreover, digestive enzymes activities and intestinal villous height were also prominently increased. From meat quality aspect, no significant differences were found in nutritional components, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition and texture property, except the values of hardness, gumminess and γ-linolenic acid (C18:3n6) were remarkably increased after BT peptides intervention. Finally, the results of gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids revealed that BT peptides significantly decreased the relative abundances of harmful bacteria such as genus Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas , and increased the production of short chain fatty acids. In conclusion, this study confirmed that BT peptides could be used to improve the health of largemouth bass, which provided novel insights into the application of antimicrobial peptides in aquacultures.
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BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
·
2025
·
IF 3.6
Duan Yunping,Liu Hui,Zhang Weichuan,Pei Zhuo,Huang Yong
In this study, 360 healthy juvenile largemouth bass, averaging body weights of 11.26 ± 0.49 g, were randomly assigned to four experimental groups. These groups were exposed to water environments containing different concentrations of cadmium (Cd): 0 mg/L for the control (Con) group, 0.9804 mg/L for the low-cadmium (LCd) group, 1.9608 mg/L for the medium-cadmium (MCd) group, and 9.804 mg/L for the high-cadmium (HCd) group, over a duration of 21 days, to study how different levels of Cd impact the liver. Ultrastructural changes manifest as nuclear deformation, blurred cell membrane boundaries, mitochondrial swelling, matrix dissolution, cristae rupture, and disappearance. TUNEL analysis indicates that the apoptotic rate of hepatocytes increases with increasing Cd concentration. Compared with the Con group, serum biochemical results showed that the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose (GLU), and urea (UREA) were significantly elevated in the HCd group. With increasing Cd concentration, the activities of hepatic catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) were significantly altered, accompanied by a reduction in ATP content and an increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Analysis of inflammatory gene expression showed upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) and downregulation of the anti-inflammatory gene IL-10. In addition, significant changes in the mRNA levels of apoptosis-related genes were observed in these Cd-exposed groups. Collectively, these findings consistently indicate that Cd exposure can lead to liver injury in largemouth bass by inducing oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis. Graphical
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WATER RESEARCH
·
2022
·
IF 13.4
Hongping Liao,Shulin Liu,Muhammad Junaid,Dandan Gao,Wenjie Ai,Guanglong Chen,Jun Wang
Organic pollutants such as di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) interact with nanoplastics (NPs) and change their bioavailability and toxicity to aquatic organisms. This study aims to assess the ecotoxicological impacts of NPs in the presence and absence of DEHP on juvenile largemouth bass (LMB) Micropterus salmoides . Therefore, LMB was fed with diets containing various concentrations (0, 2, 10, and 40 mg/g) of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) by the weight of diets. After a 21-day of PSNPs dietary exposure, LMB was treated with DEHP at 450 μg/L through waterborne exposure for three days. Our results showed that PSNPs were accumulated in the intestinal tissues, which significantly decreased the feeding and growth rates in LMB. The histopathological analysis showed the intestine and liver of LMB were subjected to various degrees of structural damage caused by PSNPs, and DEHP-PSNP co-exposure enhanced those histopathological damages in both tissues. Additionally, the co-exposure induced oxidative stress in terms of increased activities of glutathione S-transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase enzymes in the liver, intestine, spleen, and serum. Furthermore, the co-exposure significantly changed the intestinal microbial composition, i.e., the decrease in the abundance of probiotics (Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) and the increase in pathogenic bacteria (Firmicutes) posed a great threat to fish metabolism and health. Therefore, this study highlights that the presence of DEHP enhances the toxicity of NPs on LMB in freshwater and suggests the regulated use of plastic and its additives for improving the health status of aquaculture fish for food safety in humans.
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MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·Vol. 28
·期 2
·45
·
IF 2.8
Huang Zelin,Xiao Chuanbo,Liu Xia,Huang Junwa,Song Lv,Zhao Shenfu,Yang Dan,Gao Hujun,Ke Zhenlin,Li Yuxiao,Yang Lihua,Ye Hua,Yang Huijun,Luo Hui
This study investigated the effects of dietary formic acid on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, serum biochemistry, digestive enzyme activity, gut microbiota composition, and transcriptomic profiles of largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ). Four isonitrogenous (52.67% crude protein) and isolipidic (9.31% crude lipid) experimental diets were formulated: control (CG, 0.00% formic acid), FA1 (0.2%), FA2 (0.6%), and FA3 (1.0%). A total of 480 juvenile fish (initial body weight: 17.31 ± 0.10 g) were randomly allocated into four groups consisting of three replicate tanks (30 fish per tank). The fish were fed these diets for 9 weeks. The results showed that dietary formic acid significantly increased final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) ( P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 0.2% formic acid significantly increased muscle and whole-body crude protein and lipid content, while improving mineral composition, fatty acid profiles, and amino acid profiles ( P < 0.05). Digestive enzymes activity, including pepsin and lipase in stomach and trypsin, lipase and Na + /K + -ATPase in intestine, was enhanced ( P < 0.05). Additionally, it elevated antioxidant activities (T-AOC, T-SOD, and GSH-Px) and serum immune parameters (LZM, ACP, and AKP activities, as well as TP and GLB contents) in M. salmoides . In terms of intestinal microorganisms, it was revealed that exogenous formic acid significantly changed intestinal microbial composition: decreased the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Plesiomonas and Pseudomonas ( P < 0.05); and increased the abundance of probiotics such as Bacillus , Acinetobacter , and Cetobacterium ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, functional analysis revealed that the abundance of microbial functions related to nutrient metabolism increased significantly in FA1 group ( P < 0.05). Compared with CG group fish, both the most up-regulated DEGs and the most down-regulated DEGs were related to the cell cycle, intestinal immune network for IgA production, and mTOR signaling pathway. These findings suggested that exogenous formic acid influences host intestinal gene expression and the structure of the gut microbiota, and contributes to digestion and absorption capacity and health in M. salmoides .
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