DESALINATION
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2023
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IF 9.9
Xinyu Fu,Jianqiang Wang,Yingyao He,Yanli Ji,Qiuyan Bi,Xiao Wang,Fu Liu
Thickness reduction of polyamide separation layer played an important role in permeability enhancement of thin film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membrane. However, the practical application of TFC nanofiltration membrane with ultrathin polyamide layer is still a great challenge. Herein, we proposed a strategy for preparing nanofiltration membrane with asymmetric polyamide dual-layer through interfacial polymerization . The top polyamide layer is thin, smooth and dense. The bottom polyamide layer is relatively thick, rough and porous. The thin and dense top polyamide layer enabled membrane with relatively high water permeability (18.5 ± 1 L m −2 h −1 bar −1 ) and Na 2 SO 4 rejection (97.2 ± 0.8 %) performance. The thick and porous bottom polyamide layer guaranteed membrane stability. This study offers a promising strategy for polyamide composite membrane fabrication with enhanced separation performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
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膜分离技术
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DOI
高影响因子
FULLERENES NANOTUBES AND CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES
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2025
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IF 1.8
Lazang Gengga,Zifeng Chu,Bo Meng,Haichao Li
The precursors were formed in a concentrated salt system using the mutual synergy between TTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) and sodium sulphate at 100 °C, 300 rmp. Carbon nanorods were prepared by in-situ carbonisation of precursors at elevated temperatures. The prepared carbon nanorods were characterised by SEM, Raman, XRD, FT-IR and XPS. SEM results showed that the prepared carbon nanorods had a classical rod-like structure and most of them had lengths between 500 nm and 1.2 μm and diameters around 50 nm. Raman results showed ID/IG=0.839, a low degree of graphitisation and some defects in the structure of carbon nanorods as characterised by XRD. FT-IR and XPS analyses showed a variety of functional groups on the surface of carbon nanorods. Although the structure of the prepared carbon nanorods was not very perfect, it couldn’t be ignored that the method of preparing carbon nanorods using the interaction between Na2SO4 and TTAB was feasible.
研究领域:
材料科学
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纳米技术
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物理化学
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功能材料
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DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2026
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IF 5.4
Yi Tian,Ping Yang,Xiao Zhang
Dual-mode detection of environmentally relevant metal ions remains a significant challenge using highly stable and sensitive red-emissive carbon dots. This work presents a one-pot synthesis of red-emitting carbon dots (CDs) using p-phenylenediamine and Na 2 SO 4 . Highly stable red photoluminescence (650 nm) was observed via the synergistic effect of Na + and SO 4 2- ions, in which the CDs revealed a photoluminescence quantum yield of 45.9% in ethanol. The CD sample prepared using optimized conditions (sample 2-CDs) served as a versatile probe for the dual-mode Cu 2+ and Fe 3+ detecting in water. Colorimetry detection was finished in solutions, by smartphone, and in filter paper. As for Cu 2+ , the detection limits reached 0.013 μM (fluorometry) and 1.65 nM (smartphone colorimetry). A portable test paper based on 2-CDs achieved a detection limit of 0.517 μM for Cu 2+ . In the case of Fe 3+ , the corresponding detection limits were 1.5 μM (fluorometry) and 76.9 nM (colorimetry). Fluorescent degradation kinetics by Cu and Fe ions were discussed in detail. The sulfate ions form a multifunctional protective layer that enhanced hydrophilicity, passivated surface defects, and resulted in the CDs with remarkable photothermal stability (retaining the initial intensity of 93% after 120 min of ultraviolet/boiling) and long-term storage stability (47.2% retention after 300 days). These results supplied a novel strategy for creating high performance red-emissive CDs, paving the way for their practical application in on-site environmental monitoring.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
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2026
·Vol. 46
·期 11
·118314
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IF 6.3
Shuai Fu,Kun Lin,Zhixin Gao,Detian Wan,Yiwang Bao
A novel high-entropy ceramic (La 0.2 Nd 0.2 Y 0.2 Eu 0.2 Gd 0.2 ) 2 Ce 2 O 7 (RE 2 Ce 2 O 7 ) was synthesized, its thermophysical properties and corrosion behavior against Na 2 SO 4 -V 2 O 5 molten salt were systematically investigated. Owing to the synergistic effect of the high-entropy configuration, RE 2 Ce 2 O 7 exhibits a remarkably low thermal conductivity, characterized by 1.22 W·m −1 ·K −1 at 1200 ℃. The Debye temperature Θ D of RE 2 Ce 2 O 7 is 493 K and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is 11.4 × 10 −6 K −1 . During corrosion process at 900 ℃ ∼ 1100 ℃, rare-earth ions are precipitated from the lattice and combined with VO 4 3- ions formed rod-shaped REVO 4 phases, while Ce 4+ ions react with O 2- formed CeO 2 . With increasing temperature, REVO 4 grains are coarsened and cover the CeO 2 phase. When the molten salt is exhausted at 1100 ℃, Ce 3+ in REVO 4 is continuously oxidized to Ce 4+ and diffused to the surface, facilitating extensive nucleation and growth of CeO 2 .
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高影响因子
Crystals
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2020
·Vol. 10
·期 6
·444
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IF 2.404
Jing Zhao,Hongjie Luo,Xiao Huang
Salt damage is one of the most common and serious diseases in silicate cultural relics. In this research, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (low-field NMR), automatic high-speed X-ray microtomography imaging, polarized light microscopy, and ultra-depth of field microscopy were applied to investigate the migration, distribution, and crystallization of NaCl and Na2SO4on the surface of hydrophilic media, glass capillaries, and porous SiO2materials, respectively. The results show that these two salts have different crystal growth behaviors in the same medium. NaCl grows in a granular form on the surface of hydrophilic medium and generally crystallizes outside the glass capillary tube, whereas Na2SO4grows in a circular ring and always crystallizes inside, and some bubbles can be seen clearly in the hydrophilic medium. Meanwhile, different from NaCl, which is mainly concentrated on the upper surface of SiO2sample, the migration of the Na2SO4solution is distributed in the whole sample, and crystals accumulate on the interior of the sample surface. The different crystallization behaviors of salts are speculated to be related to damage conditions such as efflorescence and mural blisters in silicate cultural relics.Keywords:salt damage;penetration depth;migration;distribution;crystallization
研究领域:
文物保护
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材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
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2015
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IF 2.037
Chunli Liu,Li Zhou,Liqun Fan,Chonggui Ren
Enthalpies of solution and densities of glycylglycine in aqueous solutions of NaNO3, NaClO4, and Na2SO4 were measured at 298.15 K. Standard transfer enthalpies (ΔtrH0), standard transfer partial molar volume (ΔtrVϕ0), and hydration numbers (Nh) have been determined for glycylglycine. All of the ΔtrH0 values are negative in the three salt solutions. The relative order of ΔtrH0 in the same concentration of 1–1 type salts is NaNO3 > NaClO4. The ΔtrH0 in low concentration of Na2SO4 solutions is between the corresponding values in NaNO3 and NaClO4 solutions. With increasing Na2SO4 concentration, the ΔtrH0 values exceed that in NaNO3 solutions. The ΔtrVϕ0 values are positive and vary in the sequence Na2SO4 > NaNO3 > NaClO4. The results were discussed in terms of various interactions.
研究领域:
生物化学
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物理化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
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2015
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IF 2.605
Yu Hui,Sumei Zhao,Jiaying Xu,Binglin Zou,Ying Wang,Xiaolong Cai,Ling Zhu,Xueqiang Cao
Degradation due to molten salt attack is one of the failure mechanisms of thermal barrier coatings . Thermochemical attack of the salt mixture Na 2 SO 4 –30 mol% NaVO 3 on ZrO 2 –8 mol% YO 1.5 (8YSZ) at 1100 °C for different times was investigated. In the present study, 8YSZ powder was synthesized using co-precipitation route. The graded morphologies and phase compositions were examined using SEM, XRD and Raman before and after hot corrosion test. The results obtained from XRD have shown that m-ZrO 2 and YVO 4 were the main corrosion products after hot corrosion test at 1100 °C. The results obtained from SEM and EDS observations have shown that large polyhedron crystals of m-ZrO 2 and rod-like crystals of YVO 4 formed as hot corrosion products after hot corrosion test for 6 h and 24 h. The phase transformation and chemical interaction are the primary corrosion mechanisms for degradation of 8YSZ ceramic.
研究领域:
材料科学
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腐蚀与防护
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DOI
高影响因子
Processes
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2023
·Vol. 11
·期 6
·1779
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IF 3.5
Qiao Zhu,Zhe Li,Yafei Song,Yujun Tong,Tao Yang,Zhenmin Cheng
The reduced solubility of inorganic salts in supercritical water has a significant impact on the stable operation of desalination facilities as it may lead to surface fouling due to salt deposition. In this study, the solubility of Na2SO4was experimentally determined to be 0.04–15.34 mmol/kg water at 23–25 MPa and 390–420 °C. To investigate the precipitation behavior of Na2SO4in supercritical water, a reactor with a heating bar was designed and the deposition effect of salt on the superheated surface in an autoclave was tested at a temperature of 390 °C and a pressure of 23 MPa. Then, the deposition mechanism of salt in the autoclave was analyzed and the temperature field in the reactor was simulated using CFD commercial software. The experimental results showed that Na2SO4was present on both the heating rod and the bottom of the autoclave with a loose salt layer. The simulation results indicated that the temperature near the heating rod was significantly higher than the bulk fluid temperature and it provided the temperature condition where the inorganic salt preferentially nucleated and precipitated. Nickel foam was chosen as the porous media carrier to investigate the selective precipitation of salt on different superheated surfaces. The results showed that nickel foam could collect a large amount of salt on the heating rod and change the state of the compact salt layer on the kettle bottom wall, providing a technical choice for salt recovery under supercritical conditions.Keywords:supercritical water;desalination;temperature effect;surface fouling
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
Crystals
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2023
·Vol. 13
·期 3
·506
·
IF 2.7
Chenxu Li,Yuming Zhao,Jinhui Liu,Jilei Xu,Dong Guo,Huanghua Zhang,Xianghong Zhou,Peixu Yang,Shaojun Zhang
The corrosion behavior and corrosion resistance of WE43 and AZ80 immersed in NaCl and Na2SO4solutions were investigated, respectively. Two alloys were immersed in 0.6 M NaCl and Na2SO4solution to observe the corrosion morphologies. Hydrogen evolution and weight loss experiments were conducted to obtain the corrosion rates. Electrochemical tests were used to characterized detailed corrosion situation. The results show that, when immersed in Na2SO4solution, WE43 alloy shows a unique micro-galvanic corrosion behavior. On the other hand, the corrosion rate of WE43 in Na2SO4solution is much faster than that in NaCl solution, which is the direct opposite of AZ80 and most magnesium alloys. The protection of the surface film maybe the key factor to the unexpected phenomena.Keywords:magnesium alloys;rare earth elements;micro-galvanic corrosion;surface film;corrosion resistance
研究领域:
材料科学
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腐蚀工程
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DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
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2022
·
IF 7.139
Shaojie Shi,Yifei Wang,Biaolong Wang,Fan Wu,Yange Suo,Zhiguo Zhang,Yousheng Xu
Rational design of efficient, cost-effective electrocatalyst towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of vital importance to the wide application of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. In this work, a novel and simple Na 2 SO 4 -assisted pyrolysis strategy with ZIF-12 as the precursor is reported for the synthesis of cobalt, sulfur, nitrogen, co-doped carbon (termed as CoSNC- x Na 2 SO 4 -T) materials towards ORR. Different from CoNC-800 derived from pure ZIF-12, with the presence of Na 2 SO 4 , the derived CoSNC-0.5Na 2 SO 4 -800 material exhibits layered flake morphology with hierarchical meso-microporous structure. Besides, CoSNC-0.5Na 2 SO 4 -800 material shows higher content of pyridinic-N and graphitic-N, higher relative intensity of Co-N x , higher content of carbon defect, as well as larger specific surface area in comparison with CoNC-800, which results in higher activity of CoSNC-0.5Na 2 SO 4 -800. The CoSNC-0.5Na 2 SO 4 -800 material displays a half-wave potential of 0.88 V, which is superior to that of commercial Pt/C (half-wave potential being 0.86 V). Moreover, CoSNC-0.5Na 2 SO 4 -800 demonstrates a better durability compared with Pt/C. The pyrolysis temperature and the amount of Na 2 SO 4 are found to affect the physiochemical properties and electrochemical performance of the CoSNC- x Na 2 SO 4 -T materials. This work not only provides a facile and novel synthesis approach for the preparation of highly active Co, S, N co-doped carbon materials for ORR, but also disclosing the key structure properties for enhancing the performance of these catalysts.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源化学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
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2026
·
IF 8.8
Zhifan Zhang,Yuanhong Shu,Shanshan Huo,An Zhou,Pan Feng,Haigang Qin,Xiaorong Meng
Efficient separation of NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 is essential for resource recovery from hypersaline wastewater. Herein, a crown ether-functionalized polyamide nanofiltration membrane (denoted as DA18C6-PA) was fabricated via interfacial polymerization (IP) using 1,10-diaza-18-crown-6 (DA18C6) as the sole aqueous-phase amine monomer and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) as the organic-phase monomer. The IP conditions were systematically optimized, and the separation performance of the resulting membrane toward Cl − and SO 4 2− ions in mixed salt solutions containing Na + , Li + , K + , and Mg 2+ was comprehensively evaluated. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were further performed to elucidate the conformational transformation of the aza-crown ether during IP and its correlation with cation recognition. Compared with the conventional PIP-PA membrane, the DA18C6-PA membrane exhibited a more compact and uniform selective layer with enhanced surface electronegativity, leading to improved water permeance and superior SO 4 2− rejection. More importantly, IP-induced conformational distortion of the aza-crown ether reduced the crown ether cavity size, thereby enhancing the geometric matching and coordination stability toward Na + over Li + , K + , and Mg 2+ . Benefiting from the favorable geometric and coordination environment provided by the distorted aza-crown ether cavity for Na + -specific recognition, the DA18C6-PA membrane achieved an exceptionally high NaCl/Na 2 SO 4 separation factor of 176.2. This work establishes a molecular design strategy for integrating host–guest recognition into polyamide nanofiltration membranes via conformational regulation of reactive aza-crown ethers, offering new mechanistic insights into precise ion-selective separation.
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DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
·
2026
·
IF 7.5
Hao Wang,Lulu Wang,Dejian Pei,Tongtong Zhang,Jian Song,Zushu Li,Yi Jin,Feng Jiang,Xiang Ling
A novel waste-based CPCMs was prepared for high-temperature (≥600 °C) LHTES； • Waste-modified iron tailings eliminate chemical incompatibility with salts； • CPCMs achieve 50 wt% salt loading and exceptional strength (105 MPa)； • Thermal conductivity boosted to 1.48 W/m K, ∼2.5 times that of pure salt； • Simulation reveals optimal flow velocity (0.1 m/s) for energy efficiency. The inherent chemical incompatibility between iron tailings and molten salts severely hinders the high-value application of iron tailings in high-temperature latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES), as it triggers composite structural failure and performance degradation. This study develops an innovative strategy to fabricate modified iron tailings as supporting skeletons for shape-stabilized Na 2 SO 4 -NaCl composite phase change materials (CPCMs) working above 600 °C. This modification effectively suppresses undesirable phase transformations and eliminates chemical incompatibility, enabling 50 wt% salt loading without leakage. Benefiting from the densified microstructure, the as-prepared CPCMs manifest outstanding mechanical robustness, achieving exceptional compressive strengths of 105 MPa and 94 MPa for steel slag- and red mud-modified variants, respectively. Thermophysically, the CPCMs exhibit suitable melting points of 636–637 °C and latent heats of 81–83 J/g with enthalpy attenuation rigorously restricted within 5–10%. Notably, the interconnected modified iron tailings skeleton establishes continuous thermally conductive pathways, significantly boosting the thermal conductivity to 1.35–1.48 W/m·K (≈2.5 times that of the pure eutectic salt). Furthermore, the CPCMs demonstrate remarkable long-term cycling stability in terms of mass retention, structural integrity, and latent heat preservation. A packed bed LHTES device based on prepared CPCMs is also proposed, and numerical simulations reveal that an inlet flow velocity of 0.1 m/s optimally coordinates the system output power and steam production efficiency. This work thus provides a pioneering paradigm to synergistically resolve the compatibility and mechanical bottlenecks of solid waste-based CPCMs, advancing the sustainable and high-value utilization of iron tailings in high-temperature LHTES systems. Graphic abstract Download: Download high-res image (167KB) Download: Download full-size image
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DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）